Dukan mazaunan zafi suna da shirin shuka a kan shafin.
Itacen innabi ne tsire-tsire da ya dace da kyakkyawan makirci, kuma yana kawo amfana daga ci gabanta.
'Ya'yan inabi suna da albarkatu masu yawa waɗanda mutane ke noma.
Rahotanni game da shuka wannan shuka a zamanin da, ana samun su a yankunan da ke kusa da Bahar Rum, a Crimea da Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Yanzu 'ya'yan inabi suna da amfanin gona a duniya.
Ana nuna bambancen inabi da girmansu, launi da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban.
Karan inabi yana da muhimmanci ga mutum ta hanyar abubuwa masu muhimmanci da masu amfani.
Ta hanyar cin 'ya'yan inabi, mun inganta tsarin mai juyayi, zai iya taimaka kanmu daga rashin barci da kuma taimakawa gajiya.
Basic takin mai magani
Bayan ya yanke shawarar shuka inabi, dole ne a gane yadda, a yaushe, da yawa, da kuma wace irin abubuwa ne mafi alhẽri ga takin amfanin gona don shuka da kuma adana itacen inabi da aka dasa, da kuma samun girbi mai kyau na Berry. Lokacin da hannun jari ya kare, za mu je kasuwa ko zuwa babban kantin sayar da berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ba wanda ya san inda, kuma, bisa ga hakan, girma kamar yadda ba'a sani ba.
Bugu da} ari, bayani game da ilmin sunadarai da ke hako da kuma kare shuke-shuke daga dukan cututtuka da kuma karin kwari da yawa, da kuma guje wa yin amfani da waɗannan abubuwa, yana da amfani kawai ga masu fitar da kayan abinci da kayan marmari.
Don mafi kyau samar a cikin lambun su, dole duk masu amfani su fahimci kwari da cututtuka na shuke-shuke. Wannan zai ba da damar yin amfani da shirye-shiryen mafi dacewa don kariya ga amfanin gonar lambu, da kuma sanin lokacin da yawancin abubuwan da kowace shuka ke buƙata don ci gabanta.
Da farko, za mu fahimci yadda kuma a wace irin adadin da za a yi takin inabin inabin don amfanin gona mai kyau da kuma inganci a lambunsa. Kuma abin da ya kamata a kawo a cikin ƙasa domin kayan abinci.
Lokacin da aka dasa inabi, dole ne a jefa taki a cikin rami. Samun kayan da ake bukata a wannan hanya zai zama da amfani ga matasa daji na tsawon shekaru 2-3. A wannan lokacin, daji za ta samar da farawa kuma ta fara bada 'ya'ya, da kuma bukatar al'adu a cikin abubuwan gina jiki zai karu. Kwayar innabi ta sa abubuwa masu yawa daga ƙasa.
Saboda haka, a kowace shekara, domin girbi mafi kyau da kuma ci gaba da wannan amfanin gona, an ba da kayan gina jiki a cikin dama. Zai iya zama phosphorus, da nitrogen, da potassium, da magnesium, waɗanda ake amfani dashi a wasu mahadi. Ana raba abinci zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu:
1) babban;
2) ciyar.
Ma'adinai da takin mai magani
Yawan amfanin gona, da kuma inabi ma, kai tsaye ya dogara da girman kuma lokacin shigar da kayan abinci cikin ƙasa. Ka tuna cewa ana amfani da abubuwa masu mahimmanci sau ɗaya, a farkon spring, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, ko kuma a cikin hanyar, amma a cikin kaka.
Da takin mai magani dangane da abun da ke ma'adinai raba kashi biyu kungiyoyi:
1) sauki
2) hadaddun.
Bari mu yi magana kadan game da su.
Ƙananan ma'adanai Sun ƙunshi macrocell guda, wanda zai iya zama phosphorus, nitrogen, da potassium. Ƙananan ƙungiyar ma'adanai dauke da nitrogen, sun haɗa da urea, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ko sodium nitrate da ammonium sulfate.
Nitrogen muhimmanci yana rinjayar ci gaban inabi da ci gabanta. Idan ba zato ba tsammani a cikin ƙasa ba shi da isasshen wannan nau'ikan, ci gaban daji yana damuwa. Ganye ya juya launin rawaya kuma ya mutu, ana amfani da gungu a cikin talauci. Idan ƙasa ta cika da nitrogen, itatuwan innabi suna girma sosai, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna karuwa, kuma suna fara sannu a hankali kuma sun zama ruwa, ƙwayar suna girma, saboda haka, ba su yarda da yawan zafin jiki ba.
Mafi kyau a tsakanin nitrogenous takin mai magani a yau urea. Nitrogen da shi - 46%.
Urea an samar da granules, sabili da haka daidai soluble a cikin ruwa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin ruwa da kuma a cikin granules. Wannan kayan lambu yana cike da tsire-tsire ta tsire-tsire. Urea kuma yana rinjayar acid.
Ana amfani da ƙwayoyi da yawa ammonium nitrate, wanda shine wakili na yawan nitrogen. Yana riƙe 35% nitrogen. Ammonium nitrate yana da soluble a cikin ruwa da ƙasa. Idan a cikin wurin da inabi ke girma, akwai ƙasa mai laushi, wannan tsire-tsire yana tsarke ta hanyar lemun tsami. Ana amfani da rabo: 1 kg na gishiri da kuma 600-700 g da lemun tsami riga an kashe.
Haɗuwa sodium nitrate an ƙaddara ta kashi 16% zuwa 26% (nitrogen da sodium). Wannan abu ya zama mai narkewa cikin ruwa, kuma a cikin yanayi mai tsabta - kuma a cikin ƙasa. Dole ne ku sani cewa hygroscopicity na sodium nitrate take kaiwa zuwa caking a lokacin ajiya, saboda haka ba za'a adana shi ba na dogon lokaci. Wannan bayani ne na alkaline, kuma ana amfani dashi ne kawai a kan kasa mai acid, yayin da zai fi dacewa a hade tare da superphosphate abu.
A ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, ko tare da maganin alkaline, amfani Ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulphate) dauke da 21% nitrogen. Wannan taki ya zama mai narkewa, kuma ba'a wanke daga ƙasa tare da ruwa. Wannan kayan yana ba da damar yin amfani da taki akan ƙasa mai yisti. Kafin amfani a ƙasa mai yalwa, Amonium ana tsayar da shi ta hanyar yatsu da lemun tsami, ana ɗauke shi da daidaituwa daidai da shi. A lokacin ajiya, wannan taro yana cike.
Wani muhimmin macroelement wanda ke tasiri da hanzari na farawa na shuka itacen inabi shi ne phosphorus. Wannan kashi ma wajibi ne don al'adun berries, kamar yadda yake taimakawa wajen tsayayyar su. Wani phosphorus yana bada ƙarfin itacen inabi don hunturu. Takin da ke dauke da phosphorus sune superphosphate (guda da sau biyu).
Mafi mashahuri a cikin yawan phosphoric, shine mai sauki superphosphate, wanda ke riƙe da kashi 21% na phosphorus da gypsum. Tashin taki yana iya narkewa cikin ruwa kuma yana dacewa akan nau'o'in ƙasa.
Cikakken sau biyu ya ƙunshi phosphoric acid a cikin adadin 50% na babban abun ciki. Wannan taki ba ya ƙunsar gypsum, kodayake miyagun ƙwayoyi ya dace da superphosphate. Ba mummunan soluble a cikin ruwa ba.
Wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin kayan abinci na inabõbi shi ne potassium kashi. Yana rinjayar balagaguwa na berries da kuma ci gaba da innabi da kanta kanta. Wannan abu yana ba da karfi ga itacen inabi don yin sanyi, yana taimakawa wajen jure wa fari da cututtuka. Har ila yau yana rinjayar abun ciki sugar a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma rage ruwan acid. Rashin gefen ganye ya nuna rashin potassium. Wannan rukuni na takin mai magani sun hada da potassium potassium, potassium sulphate da chloride, potassium magnesia, potassium sulphate da shiri "Ecoplant".
Gishiri na potassium - wakilin da dama potash, wanda ya ƙunshi 40% potassium. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi mai yawa chlorine. Gishiri mai potassium yana da launi ja. Ku kawo shi a cikin kaka a wasu lokuta kuma kusan ba a taɓa yin amfani da su a wasu lokuta na shekara ba. Daidai mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, wanda aka wanke a hankali daga ƙasa. Ana haɓaka wannan abu tare da sauran abubuwa.
Taki dauke da 45-50% potassium shine potassium sulfate. Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun kayan ado daga wani nau'i na potash, wanda ba ya ƙunshi chlorine. A shuka da aka shirya ta wannan dandalin dandani na berries da yawa inganta. Kafin yin shi halatta don haɗuwa tare da sauran abubuwa.
Da abun da ke ciki na calimagnese ya hada da 30% potassium, 9% magnesium da wasu sulfur. Bisa ga kayan kimiyyar physicochemical, calmagnezia shi ne foda mai narkewa cikin ruwa da ƙasa daga lu'ulu'u. An yi amfani dashi duka abinci mafi girma, da kuma kayan ado. Gabatarwar calimagnese ya fi tasiri a cikin ƙasa mai kasa wanda ba ya dauke da magnesium.
A cikin jerin ma'adinai na ma'adinai waɗanda suke da hadari, sun haɗa da hadaddun magunguna da abubuwa masu yawa. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da:
1) ammophos,
2) nitroammofosk,
3) azophoska
4) nitroammophos.
Nitrogen da phosphorus sun shiga cikin ammophos, hade da 12% zuwa 50% daidai da haka. Yana da kyau soluble cikin ruwa.
Nitroammofosk - abu mai dauke da irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, a hade da kashi 17% / 17% / 17%. An yi amfani da shi duka a matsayin tushe kuma a matsayin ciyarwa.
Neman karfi azofoska, wanda ke ɗauke da phosphorus, potassium da nitrogen, cikin kashi 16% zuwa 16% da 16%. Yana da dacewa akan kasa. Ba caked a lokacin ajiya.
Magungunan Nitroammophos abu ne mai mahimmanci. Ya ƙunshi nitrogen da phosphorus, an hade su a hade daga 16% zuwa 25% nitrogen kuma daga 20% zuwa 23% phosphorus. Daidai mai narkewa cikin ruwa. An yadu a yayinda ake amfani da taki a yayin babban motsi.
Har ila yau, sha'awar karanta game da nau'in innabi
Ƙarar taki
Tsarin ayyukan sun hada da:
1) dabba dabba,
2) takin
3) tsuntsaye tsuntsaye,
4) peat,
5) itace ash.
Dukansu sun hada da: potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus da wasu abubuwa. Tsarin kwayoyin da ake amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa yana wadatar da shi da abubuwa masu amfani. Wannan yana inganta yanayin ƙasa, da tsarin ruwan sanyi da ruwa. Kuma tare da waɗannan takin mai magani, ana amfani da kwayoyin masu amfani. Saboda wadannan dalilai, gabatarwar kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a lokacin dasa zinare ya zama dole.
Babban takin gargajiya:
Ƙunƙarar baƙi, yana daya daga cikin mafi kyau takin mai magani. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa gabatarwar sabo ne ba a bada shawara ba, yana shafar abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Ana amfani da wannan taki a cikin fall.
Tsuntsaye na Bird - yana da babban abun ciki na abubuwa masu amfani. An kawo shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin fall, kuma suna ciyar da ta shuke-shuke a lokacin rani da kuma a cikin bazara. Kafin yin taro yana da ƙanshi, sa'an nan kuma a shafe shi da ruwa 1: 2, sannan a bar shi tsawon kwanaki 14 zuwa ferment. An shafe shi da ruwa 1: 5, kuma bayan bayan haka zasu iya takin daji, a rabi na rabin guga ga kowace shuka.
Babban, daga cikin takin mai magani a cikin jerin kwayoyin halitta, shine takin. Wannan taro mai amfani yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi a shirya, shiryayye ta haka. Inda ruwan yake da kyau a cikin ruwan sama, sunyi rami, wanda ake biye da takin, yayin da yake jujjuya shi a cikin tsakaitaccen tsari a cikin hanyar tarin mita 1.5-2 m kuma 1 m zurfi.
Sa'an nan kuma ragowar tsire-tsire, ɓoye dabba, bambaro, peat, bishiyoyi na itace, ana kwashe sharar gida mai gina jiki. Don mafi kyau maturation, da takin taro ne sosai mixed, sa'an nan kuma rammed. Domin inganta yanayinta da abun ciki, an sanya wani taki a takin.
Takin inabi ma peat. Amma tsabtace shi ba a yi amfani ba. A cikin peat akwai wasu magungunan masu haɗari ga shuke-shuke. Peat yana halin acidity da ƙananan aikin nazarin halittu. An yi amfani dashi mafi yawa a lokacin mulching ƙasa.
Za ka iya maye gurbin kayan aiki na potash itace ash. Wannan abu yana amfani da sau uku zuwa sau biyar fiye da man fetur. Mafi kyawun ash shine ash daga kone bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itace inabi.
An hadu da ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta kowace shekara 2-3. Saboda rashin talauci maras kyau, an samar da ita kawai a cikin fall. Kowane daji yana ba da kilogram 6-8 na taki. Shin a cikin girbi, kusa da shuka, rami.
Don ƙayyade yawan adadin taki, a cikin fall, bayan girbi, an auna amfanin gona. Sanin nauyin amfanin gona, zaka iya lissafin adadin taki da ake buƙatar yin.
Top dressing
Babu ƙananan mahimmanci ga dukan tsire-tsire shi ne kayan hawan ƙasa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa idan akwai rashin lafiya na wasu abubuwa, zaka iya yin karamin hawan. Sa'an nan kuma girbi na berries an samu a cikin wani karamin adadin, amma zai zama cikakken alamar haɗi. Yadda za a samar da shi don inabõbi, da kuma lokacin da muke la'akari da gaba.
Lokaci
Ana samar da ma'adinai a kowace shekara, kowace shuka dabam, bayar da gudummawar 20-30 g na nitrogen, 40-50 g na phosphorus da potassium abubuwa. Na farko taki da aka gudanar a cikin bazara, ta hanyar yin 40-50 g na nitrogen, 40 g na superphosphate da 30 g na potassium da shuka. Na biyu - yana faruwa kafin flowering farawa a cikin kwanaki 10-15, ta hanyar amfani da ɗayan shuka: 40-50 g na nitrogen mai magani, 50 g na superphosphate da 40 g na potassium. Kuna iya shirya shirye-shiryen kaza, adadin 1-2 buckets na bayani da shuka.
Na uku Ana amfani da takin gargajiya a cikin hadaddun, lokacin da berries suka girma zuwa girman wani fis. Samar da shi a lokacin ban ruwa, dissolving 25-35 g da abubuwa da lita 10 na ruwa. Hudu - samar da lokacin da berries ripen. Suna yin haka ta ƙara 50 grams na potash da phosphate takin mai magani ga kowane shuka.
Rubutattun launi na jiki
Ana hada abinci mai launi tare da kulawa da tausayi na al'ada. A wannan yanayin, shine karo na farko da aka satar daji kafin flowering, na biyu - lokacin da Berry ya fara bayyanawa, na uku - a lokacin lokacin girbi, da na huɗu - lokacin da Berry ya zama taushi. Ana fesa da yamma lokacin da iska ta rage. Ya kamata mu tuna cewa ciyarwar foliar bai maye gurbin tushen daya ba, kuma yana da ƙarin zuwa karshen.
Yadda ake amfani da taki
Kafin ka fara takin kasar gona, ka koyi wasu dokoki don gabatar da abubuwa a cikin ƙasa. Akwai dokoki na ciyar da foliar, da kuma dokokin janar abinci na duniya tare da abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwa masu amfani.
Yadda za a yi sanyaya ta foliar
Spraying Ƙarshen ganye na inabõbi shi ne adadin ruwa mai gina jiki, wanda ake kira foliar ciyarwa. Irin wannan aiki a hanya mafi kyau zai ba ka damar shayar da abubuwan da ke da amfani ga inabõbi. Bugu da ƙari, wannan karɓar agronomic yana da muhimmanci ga amfanin gona mai kyau. Sanya al'adu a hanyar da ruwa ya rufe ganyen daji tare da kananan droplets, da kuma harbe.
Dole ne a yi amfani da karin kayan lambu a maraice. A lokaci guda, yanayi yana da muhimmiyar mahimmanci don aiwatar da wannan hanya, kamar yadda zazzabi da hasken wuta ke shafar sharan abubuwan da ake bukata ta wurin inabin inabin.
Mafi shahararren an dauki shi a matsayin rana mai ban tsoro tare da matsanancin zafi da iska mai zafi na 18-22. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, itatuwan da aka tafka na shuka suna da tsayi, kuma hakan yana inganta shigarwa cikin abubuwan da aka gano a cikin inabi.
An sake yin amfani da kayan abinci na musamman: phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, da kuma microelements: manganese, boron, jan karfe, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum. A yau, akwai shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen da aka shirya don ciyar da foliar.
Tips
Don haka, don bunkasa amfanin gona na innabi, kuma a lokaci guda, don yin amfani da shi sosai kuma ya kawo 'ya'yan itace masu kyau, dole ne ku bi wadannan ka'idodi masu kyau:
1) don ciyar da injin a dace,
2) a datse itacen inabi daidai kuma a lokaci,
3) a lokacin dasa - takin ta da kyau.
Dole ne mu manta cewa kulawa da ƙauna suna da muhimmanci a kula da duk abin da ke da rai a duniyar nan. Ka ba da ruwan zafi a cikin ruwa, kula da shi, kuma zai gode maka da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi.
