A cikin mafarkai, mai yiwuwa fiye da sau ɗaya ya shiga cikin duniyar ganyaye, wadda za a iya miƙa a gidanka. Kuma idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau ga gonar, yaya za ku so?
Duk wani kullun zai zama ajizai ba tare da ceri ba. Wannan kyakkyawa zai ji dadin ku da furanni a cikin bazara, kuma a lokacin rani zai gigice ku da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu m.
Mutane da yawa za su ce ba zai yiwu a shuka kyawawan kayan kirki ba a yankin Moscow. A cikin wannan labarin, muna nuna - ba haka ba ne. Babban asirin shine a zabi nau'o'in cherries don dasawa. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a la'akari da yanayin yanayi da yiwuwar yanayin bala'i.
Yanayin yanayi a yankin Moscow
A lokacin zabar wani ceri, muna bayar da shawarar biyan hankali na musamman ga yanayin sanyi da sanyi juriya na musamman iri-iri. Wajibi ne a bayyana cewa waɗannan su ne guda biyu, amma ba daidai ba.
A karkashin yanayin sanyi yana nufin ikon bishiya ko tsire don tsayayya da abubuwan da ke kewaye da muhalli: sanyi, icing, da sauransu.
Amma ga yankinmu, ana buƙatar juriya na jigilar bishiya, wato, ƙwarewar yanayi na tsirrai don tsayayya da yanayin zafi mara kyau, saboda a cikin hunturu zai iya sauke zuwa -35 da žasa.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine yiwuwar iri daban-daban. don magance cututtuka da cututtuka: na farko coccomycosis da moniliasis. Wadannan sune cututtuka da suka fi kowa a cikin yankin Moscow.
Babu yiwuwar yaki da cututtuka ba tare da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ba, sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa da zaɓar nau'in cherries wanda ke da tsayayya ga irin wannan cututtuka. Bayani game da waɗannan cututtukan fungal.
Coccomycosis da Moniliasis. Idan itace yana kamuwa da naman gwari na coccomycosis, to, ganye zasu fara juya launin rawaya zuwa ƙananan baki kuma su fada da sauri. Tare da moniliose, ba ganye da ke fama ba, amma berries. An rufe su da wani launi mai laushi, kamar furanni, kuma suna fara fashe - irin waɗannan 'ya'yan ba za a ci ba.
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da irin nau'o'in cherries, waɗanda aka fi dacewa su zauna da girma a yankin Moscow.
Cherry iri-iri "Apukhtinskaya"
Tree irin wannan low, kawai 2.5-3m tsayi, tsiro a matsayin shrub, da ciwon ƙananan rassan skeletal rassan. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da duhu a launi, suna da yawa kuma suna kama da zuciya. Yana dandana mai dadi da m, amma ya bar wani mummunan bayanta.
Yana da iri-iri iri-iri, furancinsa farawa a farkon lokacin rani, kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa sun fara a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Itacen itace tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire kuma kusan yana kare coccomycosis. Daga baya flowering shi ne irin inshora da spring frosts, high da ake samu.
Fruiting fara a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki da kuma samfurin iri-iri. Kwayoyin 'ya'yan itatuwa sun ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka inganta samfurin jini da kuma kula da matakin baƙin ƙarfe da hemoglobin.
Amma, kuma, akwai disadvantages na iri-iri. Daga baya flowering shi ne hasara da kuma amfani, tun da irin wannan nau'in baza'a iya amfani da ita ba don gurbataccen gurbata. Late ripening iya haifar da fall na berries, idan kaka ya zo ma sharply.
Har ila yau, muna nuna muhimmancin dasa shuki. Tun da kyawawan itace dutse ne, yana son zafi da rana, sabili da haka ya kamata a zabi wurin a kudanci ko kudu maso yammacin shafin kuma kasa ba zata kasance kusa da 2.5m zuwa duniya. Seedlings ne mafi kyau a zabi shekaru biyu, tare da tushen tushen tsarin, da saukowa da aka yi a watan Satumba.
Har ila yau, wajibi ne a lura da yanayin kula da irin wannan ceri. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin waxanda ba su da kyau, tare da kusan babu matsaloli. Ana amfani da takin mai magani lokacin da dasa shuki: Organic (taki, takin) da kuma ma'adinai (superphosphates da potash). Sa'an nan kuma wajibi ne don takin ƙasar a kowace shekaru 3.
Ya zama wajibi ne don adana ruwa bayan an dasa shuki, sa'an nan ta sami isasshen yanayi. Sai kawai a lokacin fari ƙarin watering ana amfani. Ya kamata a fara dasa shuki a hankali bayan dasa shuki, ya bar rassan rassan 4-5 kawai don samar da kambi, a nesa da akalla 40 cm daga rami mai tushe, ana yin pruning a kowace kaka don kada kambi ya yi tsayi sosai kuma girbi mai kyau.
Game da iri-iri "Lyubskaya"
Daya daga cikin tsoffin iri na ceri, wanda aka girma a yankin tsakiya na Rasha, aikin bincikensa ya fara a cikin 40s na karni na ashirin.
Wani itace mai girma a tsawo ya kai mita 2.5-3, wanda ba ya buƙatar ƙarin kayan aikin girbi.
A kambi na cherries ne yada, amma ba lokacin farin ciki, kuma wannan zai buƙaci kasa da kokarin a lokacin da pruning. Haushi yana da inuwa mai launin toka mai launin toka da kuma raguwa, kuma rassan wani siffar mai siffar ya karu daga haushi a wata kusurwa kusan kusan digiri 45. A launi, berries suna da duhu, kuma saturation launi ya dogara da adadin laima da zafi.
Naman abu mai dadi ne kuma m, amma bayanan ya kasance m, wanda mutane da yawa ba sa son gaske, saboda haka sun fi so su bada 'ya'yan itace don sarrafawa: ruwan inabi, compotes ko jam.
Babban amfani da wannan nau'ikan: high yawan amfanin ƙasa, bishiyoyi sukan fara bada 'ya'ya a shekaru 2-3, kuma daga shekaru 8-9 sun shiga cikakken damar. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna hawa sosai kuma ba su rasa bayyanar ba.
Ɗaya daga cikin abu - wannan samoplodnaya ceri, wanda ke nufin ana iya dasa shi ba tare da wajibi na maƙwabta ba. Girman yawan amfanin ƙasa da marigayi marigayi kuma yana ja hankalin masu aikin lambu na yankin Moscow zuwa "Lyubskaya" kyakkyawa.
Duk da haka, bazai yi ba tare da damuwar ƙwararrun cherries ba. Saboda yanayin da ake yi na haushi, itacen yana ƙonewa a lokacin sanyi mai tsanani wanda dole ne a hana shi. Har ila yau, yana rage ikon da ceri yayi tsayayya da cututtukan fungal.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa Lubskaya cherry ba magajin lambun ba, tun da yake a matsakaici yana rayuwa kuma yana da 'ya'ya har zuwa shekaru 18 kuma kawai tare da kulawa mai kyau zai yiwu a ba da rai ga shekaru 20-25.
Kula da hankali na musamman game da dasa shuki da kulawa. Lokacin da dasa shuki, tuna cewa wannan ceri yana da matukar wuya akan ƙasa - tabbatar cewa kasar gona a lambun ka ba acidic ba ne, in ba haka ba za ka rasa shi ba.
Add mai yawa Organic taki, amma kada ku ƙara magunguna da yawa - ba ta son wannan.
Watering ya zama matsakaici - ruwa kada ta damu kusa da tushen. Cherry kusan bazai buƙatar pruning, duk da haka, ba da kyau sosai hunturu hardiness, dole ne a rufe tushen sa domin hunturu.
Yanzu game da iri-iri "Matasa"
Wannan nau'i-nau'i an bred a shekara ta 1996 ta hanyar gicciye wasu iri biyu: Lyubskaya da Vladimirskaya.
Daga cikin manyan siffofi na waje na iri-iri sune wadannan: adiyo na iya samun itace da siffar daji; iri-iri shine matsakaici mai tsayi, tsayin dutsen balaga ba fiye da mita 2.5 ba, kuma yawancin lokacin girbi ('ya'yan itatuwa da suka fito daga ƙarshen Yuli).
Ganyayyaki suna da duhu kore tare da tushe mai kwalliya mai suna. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan launin duhu mai launi tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara, mai dadi a kan dandano. Abin mamaki, wannan ceri ya fi kyau ya ci sabo - za'a sami karin amfani.
Daga cikin karfi na iri-iri za a iya lura high yawan amfanin ƙasa (a kowace shekara), tsayayya da ragowar hunturu, matsanancin mataki na jure wa cututtukan fungal, rashin kulawa don kulawa.
Amma an kasa nuna rashin ƙarfi a cikin rashin jure-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da tsaka-tsakin jure-jita. Ya kamata mu kula da maganganun karshe, kamar yadda a lokacin zafi da zafi, yana yiwuwa waɗannan cututtuka su ci gaba.
Haɗuwa da dukkanin abubuwan da aka kwatanta ya nuna nuances lokacin dasawa da kula da shuka. Lokacin da ka yanke shawara ka dasa tsirrai iri iri na Molodyozhnaya, zaɓi wuri na rana a kan tudu don iska ta ba da damuwa a asalinsu. Saboda haka, ƙasa mai laushi mai yashi da ruwa mai kyau da kuma iska mai dacewa ya dace. Ƙasa dole ne tsaka tsaki (ba acidic).
Kar ka manta da wannan don hana sanyi, ya zama wajibi ne don tsara itatuwa don hunturu, musamman ma matasa, kuma kada ku dauke shi da matsanancin watering. Ana yin sauti sau biyu a shekara, a cikin bazara da kaka: na farko, don samar da kambi, to kawai don share tsohon rassan.
Cherry iri-iri "Turgenevka"
Ana amfani da nau'in iri iri ta hanyar kiwo daga Zhukovskaya iri-iri da kuma musamman a yankin Moscow.
Wani matashi mai girma ya kai mita 3, kuma kamannin kambi yana kama da dala mai maƙalli. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fara farawa a farkon rabin watan Yuli, wanda ya ba su izini suyi kyau sosai kuma ba su crumble ba.
Bordeaux berries ne zuciya-dimbin yawa, ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m da mai dadi-m ga dandano. Idan lokacin rani yana da rana sosai kuma tare da isasshen ruwan inganci, ba a jin dadin acidity.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su iri iri ne: yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya ga coccomycosis, manyan berries da ke jure yanayin sufuri, da haƙuri ga sanyi.
Wadannan rashin amfani sun haɗa da: rashin haƙuri na sanyi sanyi furanni da kodan, wanda zai iya rinjayar yawan amfanin gona. Itacen yana da matsananciyar matakin gurbataccen mutum, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci don shuka nau'in pollinating a kusa da su, misali, Lyubskaya ko Molodezhnaya.
Ya kamata a lura da irin waɗannan fasalulluka na dasawa da kulawa da cherries:
- Kada ku dasa bishiya a cikin lowland, yayin da ya kara matsalolin yanayin lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya sauko, wanda zai haifar da mummunan amfanin ƙasa;
- kula da tsari na itace don hunturu - zai taimaka ci gaba da haushi daga kwari da cututtuka;
- a lokacin lokacin fruiting, cherries na bukatar karin watering, tun da berries zai dauki matsakaicin ruwa da kuma na gina jiki;
- Ƙayyadadden siffar kambi yana buƙatar kulawa a yankan ƙananan rassan rassan, tun da za su iya ƙirƙirar murfin murya kuma ba zai bari berries fara taye ba.
Mun sanya jerin nau'o'in cherries wadanda suka fi girma a yankin Moscow, duk da haka, wajibi ne mu bi dokoki na tsarin namo a yankin.
Takaddun ka'idoji na girma cherries a yankin Moscow
- Don ci gaba da dasa shuki, zaɓi wurin da za a yi yawa a rana, a kan tudu, ruwan teku zai kasance a matakin da bai fi mita 2.5 ba, kuma ƙasa za ta kasance tsaka tsaki.
- Dole a shayar da ceri a kalla a lokacin irin wannan lokacin: a cikin fall, lokacin da ganye zasu fada, kafin flowering da kuma bayan flowering.
- Tasa kasar gona ya kamata a cikin lokaci sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3 - wannan ya shafi takin gargajiya, kuma ana bukatar maimaita ma'adinai a kowace shekara.
- Fara pruning nan da nan bayan dasa, to, zaku yi sau sau sau a shekara don samar da kambi kuma ku kauce wa rassan reshe.
- Tabbatar da cewa, koda za ka zabi iri-iri masu sanyi da sanyi, ka rufe bishiyoyi don hunturu kuma ka tsage haushi a nesa da 50 cm daga ƙasa. Wannan zai hana frostbite, kare daga cututtuka da kwari.
