Kolumneya - kulawa ta gida, haifuwa, hoto

Columnea (Columnea) - wani tsiro ne mai tsinkaye na shekaru daga dangin Gesneriaceae. Furen ya bayyana ne a cikin gandun daji na Tsarin Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Sau da yawa yana haɓaka azaman epiphyte, yana danganta zuwa gaɓar bishiya, duwatsu da tsayi ganye. A fleshy, amma wajen aras rassan, miƙa zuwa sama, fara sauke ƙasa a kan lokaci.

Otsan ganye daga 30 zuwa 50 cm tsayi an yi wa ado da ƙananan ganye mai kamannin zuciya. Columnae yana girma cikin hanzari, yana shimfiɗa rassan da 0,5 m na shekara. A ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris, suna kafa fure mai haske na asali waɗanda suke kama da ƙananan kwari ko kifi. An rufe gefuna na furannin tare da ƙarancin azurfar azurfan lantarki.

Wasu nau'in na iya yin fure duk shekara. Kolumneya fure ce mai keɓewa, idan ba'a sake tazarar lokaci ba, ta rasa tasirin kayan ado.

M Properties na Kolumna

Kolumneya emits abubuwa masu aiki da kayan halitta suna tsarkake iska. Kyakkyawan yanayin iska mai kyau yana dacewa da jiki, yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki da ƙarfin juriya. Wani tsararren tsire-tsire na asali mai ban sha'awa yana ado da ciki. Kallon tunani na shafi mai nuna farin ciki ya kori tunanin kirki, yana rage matakin damuwa.

Kula da shafi a gida (a takaice)

Domin columnia ta sami kwanciyar hankali a gida, maigidan da ke kula da shi zai san kansa da abubuwan da ake so da furen.

Za'a iya la'akari da yanayin mafi kyau ga fure:

Girma fure a gida, amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya na kulawa, amma akwai wasu fasalolin girma columna. Yawancin harbe harbe galibi ana shuka su a cikin tukunya 1: wannan shine yadda shuka yake zama mafi ban mamaki. Idan an dasa harbi 1, tsunkule shi don tayar da samuwar matakai.

Sau da yawa, columnia ana girma a matsayin amintaccen shuka a cikin kwanduna rataye da filayen fure. Bayan fure, an dasa harbe, an canza shi zuwa ɗaki mai sanyi, a hankali saba saba da zafi a ƙarshen hunturu.

Kula da kolumnea a gida. Daki-daki

Furen columnia yana jin daɗi a gida yayin da aka samar dashi da kulawa ta asali.

Fum

Bloumn blooms a cikin hunturu da farkon bazara. Idan an kula da tsire-tsire a hankali, zai iya yin fure a karo na biyu - a lokacin rani. Akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ke yin fure a cikin shekara. Dogon saukar da harbe har tsawon tsawon duk ana yi wa ado da ganyen kore.

A game da tushen su, aibobi masu haske suka fito daga furanni. Kolumney ya shahara don furanni na asali, wanda aka kwatanta da kifin zinare, dabbar dolphins ko kwari. Flowersanyen furanni masu ɗamara masu ɗamara masu launi, waɗanda aka fentin duka inuwar launuka masu launin ja da rawaya, ana kafa su a cikin duhun ganye na duhu kore, da yawa a lokaci guda.

A kan dukkan ciyamomi 4 ana iya samun bugun jini ko canjin launi mai canzawa. An rufe ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan karafa guda uku da faifan fure, mai kama da katon rufi. Fruitan itacen da ke cikin farin fari ne na furanni masu ƙuraje.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Ma'aikatar gidan tana son kasancewa a cikin ɗaki mai ɗorewa ta matsakaici, ya kamata ku yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar tsarin zazzabi mai sauƙi a gare ta. A ƙarshen kaka da hunturu, + 13 - 15 ° C ana ɗaukar zazzabi mafi kyau: an ɗora furannin fure a cikin yanayin sanyi. A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, ana kiyaye ciyawar a + 21 - 27 ° C.

Kolumneya na iya dacewa da zazzabi mafi girma idan iska a cikin ɗakin tayi laima.

Fesa

Don haɓaka cikakkiyar columnia, kulawar gida yana ba da shawarar kiyaye shi a cikin babban zafi. Fesa tare da ruwan dumi, ruwan dawwama ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullun, musamman ma lokacin zafi. A lokacin fesa ruwa, ka tabbata cewa ruwa ba ya sauka akan furanni.

Ana ba da shawarar wani lokaci don shayar da kambi na columna tare da ruwa mai tacewa bayan wannan ya zama dole don bushe shuka a cikin ɗakin da aka rufe.

Haske

Kolumney yana son haske mai haske, amma yakamata ya rarraba. Windows yana fuskantar yamma da gabas sune zaɓuɓɓukan da suka fi dacewa don sanya shi; Anan furanni zai sami isasshen haske. A cikin arewacin dakin, Kundin, yana fama da rashin haske, zai daina yin fure.

Amma idan babu wani wuri don fure a gidan, ban da wannan, wajibi ne don shigar da ƙarin haske. A gefen taga, kudu za ta zama inuwa don kare kai daga kunar rana a jiki.

Watse

Watering furen yana da matsakaici, ba ruwa ko kuma overdrying na kasar gona ya kamata a yarda. Daga wuce haddi danshi columnae a gida na iya samun tushen rot ya mutu. Amma overdrying kasar gona zai kai ga mamayewa na kwari da sauran matsaloli.

A lokacin bazara da bazara, Kolumna na buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai - har sau 3 a mako, a cikin hunturu 1 lokaci zai isa. Mustasar ta kasance koyaushe tana da daɗi, domin wannan ƙasa an mulched da kwakwa mai kwalliya ko yankakken gansakuka. Shayar da ruwa mai ruwa mai tsafta.

Kolumneya ba ta amsa da kyau ga yawan ruwa tare da sabo ruwa, sabili da haka, sau 2 a wata ana ruwan ruwan tare da ruwan lemun tsami ko acid (3-5 saukad ko 0.2 g a kowace lita na ruwa).

Wiwi na colum

Capacityarfin shuka shine koyaushe ana zaɓin yin la'akari da tsarin tushen sa. Tukunyar tukunya don columna tana buƙatar matsakaiciyar matsakaici, mai faɗi, amma tana da ƙarfi: za a iya yin amfani da tarar fizrous rhizome a ciki.

A kasan tukunyar akwai wadataccen fili don magudanar ruwa daga yumbu mai kauri ko ginin bulo, kuma a ƙarƙashinta akwai ramin magudanar ruwa.

Kasa don Kolumney

Firam ɗin dacewa don columna shine sako-sako, mai sauƙin haske na tsirrai-epiphytic tsire-tsire ko senpolia. An narke shi tare da sphagnum ƙasa. Kuna iya tsara ƙasa da kanka, kuna ɗaukar ƙasa, yashi da humus daidai gwargwado.

Abun na biyu: 2 sassan ƙasa mai ganye, 1 ɓangare na peat, perlite, Turf. Irin wannan ƙasa mai saurin numfasawa. Yakamata ya kasance babu lemun tsami a cikin substrate, columnia na son dan kadan acid din. Don haɓaka magudanar ruwa, ana ƙara kwakwalwan tubalin cikin substrate.

Taki da taki

Kolumneya shuka ce mai ƙarfi, amma kuma tana buƙatar hadi da takin ƙasa don kula da adon jiki da kuma inganta rigakafi. Daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba, sau ɗaya kowane 2 zuwa 3 makonni, nema ruwa ma'adinai duniya ma'adinai bayan watering. Kuna iya amfani da mafita sau ɗaya a cikin kowane kwana 10 don kayan miya na saman foliar (an rage taro da mafita don kada ku ƙona ganye).

Columnae yana son kayan miya da ke ɗauke da mahallin phosphorus. Ana iya ba su sau da yawa, tare da haɗuwa da ruwa. An rage maida hankali da mafita sau 4. Yawancin lokaci, tsire-tsire suna hutawa a cikin hunturu kuma ba a haduwa. Amma nau'in columnae, yana girma na rayayye a cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar ciyar da shi, ko da yake ƙasa da akai-akai.

Dandanawa

Columnae suna dasawa a farkon bazara. Domin kada ya cutar da tushen tsirran, an shawo shi a hankali ba tare da share damuwar dajin ƙurar ba. Lokaci na farko da aka dasa fure bayan sayan, to, suna yinsa kamar yadda ya cancanta - lokacin da Tushen ke rufe duk dunun dajin.

Domin kada ya rage adorativeness na shuka, lokacin dasawa, kowace shekara 2, an sake sabunta shi: 1/3 na tushen tushen an yanke shi, yayyafa wuraren da aka sare tare da baƙin ƙarfe. Don dasawa, ana amfani da akwati mai zurfi amma mai fa'ida tare da ramuka magudanar ruwa.

Aiwatar da ƙasa baki ɗaya ko shirya shi da kanka daga ƙasa mai yashi, yashi da humus, waɗanda aka ɗauka a daidai sassan. Dankin yana da kyau shayar, mulched da hagu domin da yawa a cikin wani wuri shaded domin columna acclimates.

Mai jan tsami

Pruning yana sake farfado da shuka, yana ba da sabon salo ga ci gabanta. Kolumney yana amsawa da kyau ga aski na shekara-shekara, wanda a cikin harbe shi ke gajere da ½ tsawon, ganye bushe da furanni, an cire rassa masu rauni. Ana yin wannan hanyar kowace shekara bayan an gama fure kuma lokacin da aka dasa shuka.

Koyarwar Columnia

Sake bugun columna ana aiwatarwa ne ta hanyar dasa apical cuttings ko shuka iri.

Yafiya na yaduwa ta hanyar yanka

Farfagandar da cuttings ne da za'ayi a farkon Maris.

• An yanke yankan daga firam na harbe, tsawon sa wanda yakai kusan cm 10. Ya kamata ya zama yakai ganye 5 a jikin tsiran.
• An yanke wuraren da aka yanka tare da foda gawayi.
• An dasa yankan a cikin cakuda ƙasa ta ƙasa tare da yashi da peat, mai zurfi ta 1, 5 cm. Ruwa da ciyawa.
• Tare da rufe fim wanda aka sa aka buɗe don kada condensate ya tara.
• A + 24 ° C da yadudduka hasken wuta, bar don tsiro.
• An cire fim ɗin don iska da ruwa.
• Lokacin da sabbin ganye suka bayyana, an dasa ganyen a cikin wani akwati daban.
• Zai yuwu a danƙa itace a ruwa. Sau da yawa ana canza ruwa, ana kunna carbon a ciki.

Growing columna daga tsaba

Da wuya a yi a gida: aya tsaba germinate talauci, da yawa seedlings mutu. Idan ka yanke shawara game da wannan hanyar haifuwa, kuna buƙatar haƙuri. Ana sa tsaba a cikin bayani na potassiumgangan, sannan a ko'ina cikin rarraba ƙasa mai laushi, ba tare da zurfafa ba. Yayyafa a saman tare da musanya. Tare da gilashi ko fim. Germinate a + 24 ° C Amfanin gona an harba shi, an watsa shi. Bayan makonni 3, lokacin da seedlings suka bayyana, an cire tsari. Seedlings girma a lokacin da haskaka. Lokacin da ganyayyaki 3 na gaske suka bayyana, seedlings suka nutse cikin kwantena daban.

Hanyar ciyayi na yada yaduwar cutuka ya fi dacewa, tare da ita duk ana iya kiyaye haruffan halayyar mahaifiyar. A gida, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa.

Cutar da kwari

Idan columnae bai sami kulawar da ta dace ba, cututtuka suna kai mata hari kuma kwari suna aiki sosai. Mafi lalacewa na fure fure sun haɗa da:

• Ganyen magriba ya faɗi - wuce haddi danshi, da shuka sanyi (rage ruwa, matsa zuwa wuri mai zafi);
• Shafi mai tushe - hypothermia na fure tare da wuce haddi danshi (rage ruwa, sake shirya a cikin wurin dumi);
• shafi ya bushe - bushe iska na cikin gida (a kai a kai suna yayyafa);
• shafi yana girma a hankali - rashin wadatar abinci (abinci);
• Harafi baya fure - karamin haske; tabbatarwa a cikin hunturu - yayin kwancen kodan - a cikin wani wuri mai dumama (sake shirya a wani wuri mai haske; cikin hunturu sanya a cikin wuri mai sanyi);
• Harafi ya juya karkatacciya - bushe iska mai zafi, ƙarancin danshi (zuba, fesa, saka pallet tare da pebbles rigar);
• launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye - ƙonewa daga fesawa a rana (cire ganye mai lalacewa, fesa a maraice kawai, da nisantar haɗuwa da hasken rana);
• columnia wilted - ƙona Tushen daga adadin takin mai magani (kurkura Tushen da ruwa mai yawa, bushe da dasa shi zuwa wata ƙasa);
• haske launin ruwan kasa akan ganye - yin ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi;
• ganye juya launin rawaya da kuma fadi, da stalk aka fallasa - iska mai bushe, ɗan ƙaramin haske, shuka yana da sanyi (yayyafa, sake shirya a cikin haske, wurin dumi);
• Furen furanni ya juya launin ruwan kasa da crumble - samun manyan saukad da ruwa a kansu lokacin shayarwa (a hankali ruwa, kiwon harbe);
• da ganyen ganyen columna bushe da juya rawaya - bushe iska mai zafi (fesa);
• launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki da kuma harbe da sauri girma kuma ya zama rufe Fluff - launin toka mai narkewa daga danshi mai yawa a cikin zafi mai zafi (an cire gutsattsaye masu lalacewa, an bar ragowar sassan tare da maganin kashe guba da dasawa).

Tare da kulawa mara kyau, kwari suna shafar shafi. Mafi sau da yawa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, scutellum, aphid, da thrips farmaki wani fure. Wasu lokuta kwari suna bayyana a cikin mawuyacin yanayi waɗanda ba dogaro da kulawa ba. Amma kulawa da aka shirya yadda ya kamata yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar sau da yawa.

Iri columna na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Akwai nau'ikan columnae kusan 200, yawancinsu sunyi nasarar girma a gida.

Columnia daukaka (Columnea gloriosa)

Manya tsayi mai tsayi (tsayi har 0, 7 m) curl ko yadu. Ja mai launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi ko kore puban karamin ganye mai sheki suna da siffa mai zagaye. Petals masu launin carmine ja tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi a gindin bututu.

Columnae jini ja (Columnea sanguine)

Shahararren kallo. M tsawo (fiye da 1 m) harbe yada. Ganyen Lanceolate-oval suna da fadi (har zuwa 10 cm) da tsawo (har zuwa 30 cm). A underside na ganye ne blurry ja aibobi. Arean ƙananan (har zuwa 2 cm) furanni masu launin shuɗi suna tattara a cikin sinuses a cikin rukuni. Flow yana da yawa.

Columnea allenii

Jinkirin creeping ko drooping harbe girma cikin sauri. Short (har zuwa 2 cm) duhu kore ganye ne oblong gaban. Manyan furanni (har zuwa 7 cm) masu launin shuɗi mai haske tare da ƙirar rawaya a cikin makogwaron suna kan farfajiyar shinge.

Columnea Krakatau

Shahararren ra'ayi. Sau da yawa girma a matsayin epiphyte. Greenananan ganye na lanceolate kore suna kan harbe. Tubular furanni masu haske mai haske na Tubular an shirya su a cikin rukuni ko 1 kowannensu a cikin axils na ganye. Fulawa yayi kama da fashewar volcano na sunan guda.

Columnae krassulolistnaya (farantin) (Columnea crassifolia)

Shuka shuka. A kan madaidaiciyar kafa harbe, wrinkled tsawon (har zuwa 10 cm) ganye girma, an rufe shi da wani haske Fluff. Furanni masu tsayi (har zuwa 10 cm) kawai. An rufe furannin ruwan furanni mai launin tubular mai launin ruwan wuta mai launin ja.

Colaramin Karamin Harafi

Dogon (har zuwa 2.5 m) na bakin ciki harbe creep ko dangle. An rufe shi da Fluff mai launin ruwan kasa. Leavesananan ganye (tsayi da faɗi har zuwa 1, 2 cm) masu siffar zuciya. An rufe ganyen ganye da ganyayyaki da ƙura mai tagulla. Blossoms a ƙarshen bazara tare da furanni carmine-orange tare da rawaya mai rawaya. Pedicels gajere mashaya.

Kolumneya - fure mara ma'ana. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, wannan tsararren tsire zai zama ado mai ban sha'awa na ciki. Furannin furanni na asali a cikin nau'in "dabbar dolphins" da "kifin gwal" a kan bango na ganye mai duhu zai haifar da yanayin nutsuwa a cikin gidan, cike shi da dumin ruhaniya.