Ƙasa

Irin ma'adinai da takin mai magani, sunaye da kuma kwatancin

Ma'adinai da takin mai magani bambanta a babban taro na na gina jiki. Da abun da ke ciki na takin mai magani ma'adinai na iya zama daban-daban, kuma dangane da abincin da aka so yana rarraba da sauki.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani a kananan ƙananan, yayin lura da matakin gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, babu wata cutar da za su samu daga abin da suke da shi.

Yau, masana'antun sunadarai suna samar da ma'adinai na ma'adinai daga nau'o'i masu zuwa:

  • ruwa,
  • bushe
  • unilateral,
  • hadaddun.

Idan ka zaɓi ƙwayar miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma biye da daidaito, ba za ka iya ciyar da tsire-tsire ba, amma ka magance matsalolin da suka fuskanta a cikin ci gaban su.

Ma'adinai da takin mai magani

Mutane da yawa lambu da kuma lambu sun san abin da ma'adinai da takin mai magani ne. Wadannan sun hada da mahadi na yanayi maras kyau, dauke da dukkanin kayan gina jiki wanda ya dace don tsire-tsire. Wadannan kari da takin mai magani zasu taimaka wajen samun amfanin gona da kuma girbi girbi mai kyau. Ma'adinai na ma'adinai na ruwa, waɗanda aka fi amfani dasu a kananan gonaki da gonar gonar, sun zama shahara a yau. Akwai ma'adinai na ma'adinai duka, wanda ya hada da abubuwa masu muhimmanci guda uku masu tsirrai don tsire-tsire - shine nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Amma darajar tunawa cewa amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai yana buƙatar bin hankali, ko da yake tare da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta (tare da lissafin lissafi don aikace-aikacen), yana yiwuwa ya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa da tsire-tsire. Sabili da haka, bari mu dubi halaye na takin mai magani ma'adinai, nau'o'insu da halaye, da kuma gano yadda za a yi amfani da su daidai.

Irin ma'adinai da takin mai magani

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, an yi amfani da takin mai magani na: nitrogen, potash da phosphate. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan abubuwa guda uku suna jagoranci a cikin abincin abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna tasiri girma da ci gaba da tsire-tsire. Nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium su ne tushen, wanda shine abin da ake amfani da ma'adinai na ma'adinai daga. Anyi la'akari da su ne don bunkasa ci gaban duniya, kuma raunin su zai iya haifar da bala'i ba har ma mutuwar tsire-tsire.

Nitrogen

A cikin bazara, akwai rashin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. An bayyana wannan a cikin gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire suna raguwa ko dakatar da girma. Wannan matsala za a iya gane shi ta kodadde bishiyoyi, kananan ganye da raunana harbe. Tumatir, dankali, strawberries da apples a halin yanzu amsa ga rashin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Mafi shahararren nitrogen da takin mai magani ne nitrate da urea. Wannan rukuni ya hada da: calcium sulfur, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, azofok, ammophos, nitroammophoska da diammonium phosphate. Suna da tasiri daban-daban a kan al'ada da ƙasa. Urea acidifies kasar gona, nitrate - kyakkyawar tasiri kan ci gaban beets, ammonia - a kan ci gaban cucumbers, albasa, letas da farin kabeji.

Shin kuna sani? Lokacin yin amfani da ammonium nitrate ya kamata ya san yadda yake fashewa. Saboda wannan, ba a sayar da shi ga mutane ba don hana rigakafi.

Ya kamata a tuna da cewa takin mai magani ne mafi hatsari na dukkanin ma'adinai. Lokacin da suke da yawa, tsire-tsire suna tarawa a cikin kyallen takalmin da suka wuce yawancin nitrates. Amma idan kun yi amfani da takin mai magani mai kyau a hankali, dangane da abun da ke cikin ƙasa, amfanin gona da ake ciyarwa da kuma irin taki, zaka iya cimma yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa. Har ila yau, kada ku yi wadannan takin mai magani a cikin fall, saboda ruwan sama kawai wanke shi kafin dasa shuki. Tarin yawa (urea): kayan lambu -5-12 g / m² (tare da aikace-aikace na takin mai magani), bishiyoyi da shrubs -10-20 g / m², tumatir da beets -20 g / m².

Phosphoric

Tamanin phosphate ne kayan abinci mai ma'adinai wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 20 cikin dari na anhydride phosphoric a cikin abun da ke ciki. Anyi amfani da samfurin superphosphate daya daga cikin mafi yawan magungunan ma'adinai na kowane nau'in ƙasa wanda ke buƙatar wannan kashi. Ya kamata a yi shi a matsayin mai shimfiɗa a kan hanyar bunkasa da ci gaban shuke-shuken da abun ciki mai dadi a cikin ƙasa.

Shin kuna sani? Sau da yawa lambu da masu amfani da lambu suna amfani da superphosphate guda biyu wanda yawancin abubuwa masu amfani suke da yawa. Ba ya ƙunshi CaSO4 mara amfani da ake amfani dashi a cikin superphosphate mai sauki kuma ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki.

Wani irin nau'in ma'adinai a cikin wannan rukuni shine phosphoric gari. An yi amfani da shi a ƙasa mai magunguna ga dukan 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu da hatsi. Gida yana taimakawa wajen yaki da kwari da cututtuka saboda karuwar ƙwayar rigakafi. Farashin aikace-aikace na taki: superphosphate 0.5 center per 1 hectare, 3.5 centner per 1 hectare.

Potash

Aiwatar da takin mai magani na potash a cikin fall, yayin da yake digging. Wannan taki ya dace da dankali, beets da dukkan hatsi. Potassium sulfate ko potassium sulfate ya dace da ciyar da tsire-tsire da suke raguwa cikin potassium. Ba ya ƙunshi nau'o'in tsirrai irin su chlorine, sodium da magnesium. Ya dace da albarkatun melon, musamman a yayin da aka samu 'ya'yan itace.

Salt gishiri ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu na chloride -KCl + NaCl. Ana amfani da abu a yawancin masana'antu da masana'antu. Ana sanya shi a cikin bazara na kusan dukkanin iri iri iri na 20 a karkashin wani daji. A cikin kaka, an dasa taki a kan farfajiya kafin a lalata 150-200 g / m². Fertilization rates: potassium chloride 20-25 g da 1 m²; potassium sulfate -25-30 g / m²

Ƙungiya

Masu amfani da ƙwayoyin jiki suna da gina jiki da ke dauke da abubuwa masu sinadaran da dama a lokaci guda. An samo su ta hanyar yin hulɗar sinadarai na sassan farawa, tare da sakamakon cewa zasu iya zama sau biyu (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphate, nitrogen-potassium) da kuma ternary (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium). Bisa ga hanyar samarwa, an rarrabe su: ƙwayoyi masu ma'adinai masu mahimmanci, masu haɗari-hade ko haɗe da haɗe.

  • Ammophos shine phosphorus-nitrogen taki wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen da phosphorus (kashi 12:52). Wannan ƙwayar ma'adinai yana saukewa ta hanyar tsire-tsire, dace da dankali da kayan amfanin gona.
  • Diammof-phosphorus-nitrogen taki dauke da 20% nitrogen da 51% na malaman. Yana da kyau mai narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma baya dauke da abubuwa masu zurfin ballast.
  • Azofoska yana da tasiri na manoma wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium. Yana samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa, ba mai guba ba kuma ana iya adana shi tsawon dogon lokaci.
  • Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium taki shi ne hadaddun taki a cikin granules. An yi amfani dashi ga dukkan albarkatun gona, kamar yadda tsire-tsire suke shayarwa. Ya dace a matsayin ƙwayar hadaddun lokacin da yake nutse a cikin bazara.

Yawancin agro masu amfani suna amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci don cimma kyakkyawar sakamako.

Hard gauraye

Magunguna masu kirki sun hada da irin wadannan abubuwa kamar nitrophobia da nitrophobia. An samo su ta hanyar aiki phosphorite ko ipatite. Ƙara wasu sassan da ake so, nitrophosphate carbonate da phosphoric nitrophosphate an kafa. Ana amfani da shi a matsayin tsirrai mai tsayi kafin shuka, a cikin layuka da ramukan lokacin shuka, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a matsayin miya. Carboammophos-takin mai magani da ke dauke da nitrogen a amide da ammonia siffofin. Ana amfani da kwayoyin da sauran masu amfani don kare ƙasa. Wannan ƙwayar granular crystalline, mai narkewa a ruwa. Yanayin taki mafi yawancin shine -N: P: K - 20:16:10. An yi amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin gidaje a manyan masana'antun aikin gona inda za'a buƙatar manyan yankunan kafin dasa shuki amfanin gona.

Microfertilizers

Microfertilizers suna da takin gargajiya da kuma hadaddun dake dauke da abubuwa masu alama a cikin wani nau'i wanda ke iya zuwa ga tsire-tsire. Sau da yawa waɗannan abubuwa za'a iya samuwa a cikin nau'i na: takin mai magani na ma'adinai, lu'ulu'u, foda. Don amfani mai dacewa, kayan aikin micronutrient suna samuwa ta hanyar kamfanoni tare da ƙananan microelements. Suna da mafi tasiri a kan tsire-tsire, kare kariya da kwari da cututtuka, da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Mafi yawan takin mai magani shine:

  • "Jagora" ana amfani da ita azaman kayan ma'adinai na furanni. Ya ƙunshi: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe.
  • "Sizam" ya dace da girma da kabeji. Yawanci ƙara ƙaruwa da kuma karewa daga kwari.
  • "Oracle" don ciyar da Berry bushes, furanni da lawns. Ya ƙunshi daidronovuyu acid, wanda ke sarrafa motsi na ruwa a cikin jikin kwayoyin.

Gaba ɗaya, ana amfani da takin mai magani na micronutrient daban, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a yi lissafi daidai. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire za su karbi kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ba tare da ƙarin da sauran sunadarai ba.

Aikace-aikace na ma'adinai da takin mai magani, karin bayani

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa ana amfani da takin mai magani na ma'adinai biyu: a matsayin babban taki (don nutsewar ƙasa) kuma a matsayin tsalle-tsire-tsire-rani. Kowace zaɓi tana da nuances, amma akwai wasu ka'idoji waɗanda ba za a iya karya ba.

Dokokin tsaro:

  • Kada ku yi amfani da jita-jita don dafa abinci don tsayar da takin mai magani;
  • Ajiye takin mai magani, mafi mahimmanci, a cikin kwaskwarima;
  • nan da nan kafin amfani, bayan ajiya na tsawon lokaci, wani hali zai iya fitowa inda ƙirar taki ta ƙera, don haka dole ne a shige shi ta hanyar sieve na 3-5 mm diamita
  • Lokacin da takin gargajiya a gona don amfanin gona, dole ne ka fahimci kanka da bukatun da shawarwarin masu sana'a, tun da yawancin takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako;
  • Zai fi dacewa don yin amfani da hanyoyin bincike na bincike na kasar gona akan sakamakon wanda zai yiwu a yi amfani da taki mai dacewa a cikin adadin da ake bukata;
  • Kulawa dole ne a dauki su don tabbatar da cewa amfanin gona na ma'adinai don tsire-tsire, wanda aka samar ta cikin ƙasa, bazai buga wani ɓangaren kore;
  • mafi kyau ƙasa da takin gargajiya za a iya cimma ta alternating ma'adinai da takin mai magani;
  • idan an yi amfani da takin mai magani ma da takin gargajiya, za'a rage yawan kashi na farko;
  • Mafi amfani shi ne takin gargajiya, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙwaƙwalwar kaka.

Sabili da haka, dacewar amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai da yarda da hanyoyin kiyaye lafiya zasu taimaka wajen saturate ƙasa tare da muhimman abubuwan da zasu taimakawa wajen bunkasa shuke-shuke.

Amfanin da ya cutar da shi daga amfani da takin mai magani a cikin lambun

Abincin ma'adinai na taimakawa wajen saturate ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu muhimmanci kuma ƙara yawan amfanin gonar lambu ko lambun. Dukkan kayan da suka hada da ma'adinai suna taimakawa wajen kula da tsire-tsire a lokacin girma da kuma 'ya'yan itace. Amma har yanzu, kar ka manta game da hatsarori na magungunan ma'adinai, mafi mahimmanci game da yiwuwar yin amfani mara kyau kuma wucewa da sashi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ba ku bi ka'idodin lokaci ba da ka'idojin da ake amfani da su a cikin amfani da ma'adinai na ma'adinai, nitrates zasu iya tara ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba har ma a cikin tsire-tsire. Wannan zai haifar da guba mai tsanani lokacin cin 'ya'yan itace.

Yau, mafi yawancin agro-complexes suna amfani da takin mai magani a hade tare da kwayoyin. Wannan yana ba ka damar rage yawan tarawar nitrates kuma rage sakamako mara kyau. Da yake tasowa, Ina so in lura cewa duk abin da waɗannan takin mai magani ma'adanai suke, tare da dukkan ƙananan ƙwayoyi da kuma kayan da suke amfani da su, yin amfani da su yana taimakawa wajen kara yawan amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, kawai kula da yin amfani da abubuwan kirkiro kuma kada ku zalunce su don dalilai masu cin nasara.