Tsayar da kowane itace ba shi da sauƙi kamar yadda zata iya gani a farkon. Ana shuka itatuwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa a cikin kaka da kuma bazara.
An yi imanin cewa hanya mafi kyau don sauyin yanayi shine dasa bishiyar 'ya'yan itace a cikin fall.
A bayyane yake, idan kayan da aka shuka a kaka suna iya tsira da sanyi, za su yi farin ciki da girbin su da kuma tsawon lokaci a nan gaba.
Kamar dai sauran abubuwa, lokacin da dasa bishiyoyi akwai wasu muhimman mahimman bayanai da ya kamata a rufe su da yawa.
Wannan ya hada da ciyarwa mai kyau, da samar da adadin adadin laka, da kariya daga kwari da hunturu sanyi.
Mene ne amfanin gonar kaka?
Lokacin mafi kyau zuwa ƙasa bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace seedlings, wato apple tree seedlings, a cikin temperate sauyin yanayi ne daminawanda ya sauka a tsakiyar watan Oktoba kuma ya kasance har tsakiyar Nuwamba.
A wannan lokaci na shekara, yawan zafin jiki na iska yana da inganci da ruwan zafi, wanda shine yanayin da ya fi dacewa don dasa itatuwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa dasa ya kamata a yi akalla watanni daya kafin farkon sanyi.
Tsire-tsire-tsire itatuwan apple An gudanar da shi bayan da aka bari gaba ɗaya, 20-25 days kafin zuwa na sanyi, tun da yake tare da ruwan sanyi ba tare da damu ba, yawan rayuwarsu ya ɓata kuma yawancin bishiyoyi sun raunana. A al'ada sukan shuka 1, 2, 3 mai shekaru uku, amma yana faruwa cewa suna canja wurin zuwa sabon wuri da tsire-tsire masu girma.
Tun da tsire-tsire itacen bishiya yana da taushi a tsarinta, da farko, bayan dasa shuki na sapling, Dole ne ku samar ya goyon bayaabin da aka samu tare da katako na katako wanda ke kusa da rhizome. Ta irin wannan nau'i ne ta hanyar ɗaukan igiya mai tsayi na itace, wannan hanya a nan gaba ya hana curvature na gangar jikin itace.
A ɗan kadan game da hibernation na seedlings
Bugu da ƙari, a tsakar hunturu itatuwa musamman ma mu seedlings hibernate. Tsuntsayewa ga bishiyoyi suna halin karuwa mai yawa a tsarin tafiyar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin seedling kanta.
Wannan tsari yana ƙarfafa juriya na kananan bishiyoyi zuwa hanya na juye shi da kuma canza shi zuwa sabon wuri. Dole ne mu tuna cewa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi da aka dasa suyi suna da ƙananan lokaci. Wannan lokaci ya zama wajibi ne don tushen tsarin tsarin seedling, tun lokacin da ake bukata wani lokaci don daidaitawa da kuma kawo tushen zuwa sabon wuri kafin a fara da sanyi weather.
Kada ku kasance mai ban mamaki, ƙasa mulchingwanda wajibi ne a riƙe a gindin rhizome matasa itace. Mulching an samar da sa shi a kan ƙasa compacted cikin rabin mita daga seedling na peat, bambaro, kaka ganye da sauran humus.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don karantawa game da irin itatuwan apple.
Shirya ƙasa kafin dasa.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci lokacin da dashi bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi apple shine shiri na dacewa na kasar gona wanda za'a shuka shuka.
Ba tare da kuskure ba farawa rami ga wani saurayi ya kamata ya sassauta. Ana fitar da rami ta digging.
Bugu da kari, wajibi ne don shirya cakudawar ƙasa - rami mai saukowa. An shirya kayan gwal kamar haka: kasar gona da aka haƙa daga cikin ramin, watau mai zurfi - ƙasa mai laushi, an haxa shi da burodi guda biyu (humus, takin), sa'an nan kuma an kara dan kadan da kuma kilogram na itace ash. Amfanin ma'adinai masu amfani da mahimmanci ba zasu fita ba.
Tare da cakuda da aka shirya, sun cika mummunan ciki tare da matasan sapling, kuma a madadin babban kwanciyar ƙasa a kan bishiyar da aka dasa an dasa su daga cikin rami, ƙananan ƙasa, maras kyau. Bayan haka, kasar gona da ke kewaye da karamin dan kadan da aka kwatanta da rammed da kuma ciyawa.
Menene ya kamata zurfin ramin
A lokacin saukowa, wani muhimmin mahimmanci tare da sauran shi ne ainihin zaɓi na zurfin rami. Rashin zurfin rami yana da ma'ana ta musamman.
Saboda haka, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsirewa na hana yaduwar iska zuwa ga asalinsu, kuma za a zaluntar seedling mu, da kuma tushen bishiyar bishiya a lokaci guda, har ma ya yi rauni, yana da mahimmanci akan ƙasa mai nauyi.
Tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tushen nau'in seedling suna fallasa, busassun, kuma suna cike da sanyi. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda ƙaddamar da ƙasa, wanda shine wata hanya mara yiwuwa a lokacin dasa shuki na kowane tsire-tsire.
Tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, bayyanar babban adadin harbe kuma yana yiwuwa, wanda zai rage gudu daga itacen da kanta.
Saboda haka ba kome ba Dole ne a binne tushen wuyan ƙirar saurayi.
Bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a shayar da dukan kayan lambu. Don shayar da itatuwan da aka dasa da su na buƙatar 2-3 buckets na ruwa ga 1 shuka.
Tsarin ramin daga wurin
Yanayin halayen ƙasa shine ƙwayarta, da kuma damar ƙasa don samar da itace da ruwa da dukkan abubuwan gina jiki. Lokacin da aka dasa shuki matasa daga bishiyoyi masu kyau, ba shakka, da kuma apple seedlings, zabi na wani yanki na ƙasa tare da zumunta dangi zai zama daidai.
Halin dangin ƙasar bai fi digiri takwas ba, wanda ya ba shi damar kiyaye shi daga hadarin iska. Idan yankin da aka tsara don dasa shukanta bishiyoyi, yana nuna fifiko mai mahimmanci ko wasu wurare maras kyau, an bada shawara a zabi wani makircin da ke kudu ko kudu maso yammacin rashin daidaituwa.
Dasa ba da shawarar na itatuwa a cikin yumbu ko ƙasa mai laushida kuma a cikin yashi. A lokacin da kake digo rami don seedling, yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da fasalin yanayin, da kuma irin ƙasa. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci lokacin da ake tono rami don dasa bishiyar bishiyoyi shine tsayi na ruwa. Don dasa itatuwan apple, wuri mafi kyau na ruwan ƙasa ba kusa da mita 2.5 daga ƙasa.
Idan wuri na dasa shukiyar matashi yana samar da ruwa mai kwance wanda ba za a iya zubar da shi a wani shafin ba, to sai a dasa bishiyoyin a kan tsararren da aka kafa.
Tsawon waɗannan ƙaƙaf ya zama kusan rabin mita, da nisa na mita uku. An zuba kayan daji na wucin gadi daga farfajiyar ƙasa, wannan Layer ya fi cikakke tare da ma'adanai na gina jiki. Mafi muni da wuya ƙasa don dasa, da fadi da rami ya kamata a karkashin seedling.
Amma a wannan yanayin, zurfin zurfin rami bai kamata ya karu ba, zurfin zurfinsa bai wuce 0.7-1 mita ba, saboda yaron itace yana da mahimmanci cewa asalin shuka suna yadawa a kasa kusa da filin gona, inda akwai abubuwa masu ma'adinai da abubuwa masu yawa.
Je zuwa zaɓi na seedlings
Haka kuma mahimmanci a lokacin da dasa shuki kananan bishiyoyi shine zaɓi na seedlings. An zabi nau'in seedling, da farko, kawai lafiya. Kada ku saya seedlings daga masu rarraba maras daidaituwa.
Wata ƙwayar itace wadda ake nufi don dasa shuki tana da akalla uku ko hudu na gefe, kwarangwal, wanda aka sanya shi da harbe daya da harbe daya - mai ci gaba (mai gudanarwa) na tsawon 50-60 cm.
Idan akwai masu jagorori guda biyu, an cire na biyu, ko aka ƙi shi. Dole a tsaye ya zama 15-20 cm fiye da gefen harbe. Kada a lalace da shtambe. Tushen wani yaro ya kamata ya yi tsawon 30-35 cm, kuma ya zama daidai da sabo, fibrous, tare da ramifications, ba frostbitten.
Kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata ka binciki dukkanin tsarin tushen seedling, tare da ƙuƙwalwa masu tsami don cire tushen cututtuka, da kuma hanyoyin lafiya, dogon lokaci, da ɗan gajeren.
Idan tushen tushen da ake yiwa har yanzu an yanke masa hukuncin kisa, ya kamata a kwashe su har tsawon rana. Idan akwai ganye a kan rassan, an yanke su a hankali, kuma dukkanin harbe na seedlings ya kamata a taqaitaccen ta game da kashi uku na tsawon su.
Yadda za a dasa shuki a cikin rami
Rashin zurfin rami yana da muhimmanci yayin shuka. Tsarin zurfin dasa shuki yaro ya kamata ya zama irin wannan ƙananan wuyansa na seedling ne dan kadan sama da matakin ƙasa. Wannan tsawo shine kimanin 5 cm.
Bayan dasa shuki, ƙwarƙiri na seedling an rufe shi da wani mahimmanci. Bayan lokaci, shrinkage na kasar gona yana faruwa, kuma wuyan wuyansa idan aka kwatanta da matakin ƙasa ko dama a ƙasa.
Girman rami yana da muhimmiyar tambaya, ana buƙatar rami ba kawai don saukar da tushen bishiyar bishiya ba, dole ne ya sanya ƙasa mai kyau don shuka a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Rashin zurfin tudun saukowa ba tare da wata hanya ta ƙara yawan buƙatar ba.
Ka tuna cewa tushen itatuwan gonar a nan gaba zai fashe daga ramin kuma ya ci gaba da girma. Akwai wasu ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga masu yawa: don itatuwan iri, rami mai saukowa yana da 100 zuwa 60 cm, don itatuwan dutse - 100 ta 80 cm.
Gwasa dasa rami don apple seedlings, da Layer na ƙasa kwance a sama (kamar yadda mafi m) an dage farawa a daya hanya, da kuma kasa a cikin akasin. Zai fi kyau a yi rami mai saukowa, da gefuna na wannan rami - zurfi.
Shuka lokaci a cikin fall
Mafi sau da yawa Kayan itatuwa ya fada a kaka kawai saboda sapling yana raguwa bayan ƙarshen zamani na shuke-shuke kuma an jure shi ta hanyar dashi.
Yana da kyau a shuka shuka a nan da nan bayan sayan.. In ba haka ba, bushewa na rhizome yana yiwuwa, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka kanta.
Don kauce wa bushewa fitar da rhizome, Ya kamata a raka wajibi don 1 daykuma idan yanayin bai yarda da wannan ba, to, ana tsoma rhizome na seedling a cikin wani bayani na yumbu mai yumbu. Irin wannan hanya zai taimaka wajen kiyaye tsarin tushen wani matashi a cikin sauti don ɗan gajeren lokacin.
Kar ka manta da ruwa da itacen apple
Abu mai mahimmanci a kula da kowane shuka shi ne watering. Kowane mutum ya san muhimmancin ruwa don rayuwar kowane kwayar halitta, kuma bishiyoyi ba su dashi ba.
Gwaninta na farko na sapling yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaba da wani ƙananan bishiyoyi, tun da yake wannan shine ya sa ya yadu da shuka tare da isasshen ruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin ban ruwa, ƙirar da ake bukata a cikin ƙasa tana faruwa a kusa da tushen ƙananan bishiyoyi. Amma darajar sanin da kuma tunawa da cewa zuba ruwa a ƙarƙashin seedling shi ne mafi alheri ba ta amfani da jigilar jet, amma shi wajibi ne don shayar da watering daga watering iya.
Don sapling na farkon shekara ta rayuwa, ana buƙatar watering aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako.. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa yawancin danshi adversely rinjayar seedling. Ruwan ruwa mai yawa ya haifar da bayyanar ɓawon burodi kusa da rhizome, wanda ya hana samun isasshen oxygen da abubuwa ma'adinai zuwa itace kanta.
Ya kamata mutum kada ya manta da ya ci ƙasa a kusa da seedling, domin watering a kusa da seedling zai zama mai amfani da amfani bayan fertilizing da matasa shuka. Idan za ta yiwu, watering itace ya zama wajibi a cikin kuɗin 2 buckets kowace itace kowace rana a cikin mako. Ya kamata a lura cewa watering yana da kyau a cikin maraice.
