Domin shanun daji kuma ba su rage yawan amfanin su ba a lokacin lokacin hunturu, wajibi ne a kula da isasshen shiri na abinci a gaba. Wani muhimmin bangaren abinci na dabbobi shine abinci mai dadi, wato, wadanda suke dauke da ruwa mai yawa. Domin su kasance masu gina jiki da amfani kamar yadda ya kamata, yana da muhimmanci a bi da fasaha na shiri da ajiya. A cikin wannan labarin za mu magana game da shirye-shirye na mafi muhimmanci hunturu abinci - silage.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin abincin dabbun shanu, abincin sharizai ya zama kashi 50 cikin 100 na yawan abincin su.
Mene ne labarun
Don yin shiri na dacewa da silo, ya zama dole a fahimci cewa wannan abinci ne mai kyau ga dabbobin dabbobi, wanda aka samo ta hanyar karewa (fermenting) wanda aka saba da shi ko kuma sunyi furen ɓangare na tsire-tsire (ƙari, ganye, mai tushe). Nutritionally silage ne kama da kore fodder. Ya dace da ciyar da kowane nau'i na dabbobi. Musamman da amfani ga manyan horned, aladu, geese, tumaki, zomaye.
An aiwatar da aikin yisti, ko kuma kayan aiki, a sassa na musamman (ramuka, rami, hasumiya, da dai sauransu). A can, an ajiye ganye a karkashin yanayin anaerobic tare da taimakon albarkatun kwayoyin, wanda aka ɓoye saboda mafi yawan ɓangare a sakamakon sakamakon fermentation na lactic acid. Har ila yau, don adanawa za a iya kara magunguna, abincin abincin da ake ci, da saurin aiwatar da aiki.
Abincin da aka tsara ta wannan hanya an adana shi a cikin ajiyar silo ko kunshe a cikin tubalan. A halin yanzu, shiri na silage ba shi da lokacin cinyewa idan aka kwatanta da girbi na hay. Ana iya shirya shi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, babu buƙatar yin rigakafi don ciyarwa. Ba ya buƙatar haɗin zuba jari mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanya tana ba ka damar samun rashin asarar kayan abinci. Don haka, a lokacin da ake safara, har zuwa kashi 10-15% na abubuwa masu amfani suna ɓacewa, yayin girbi hay - 30%.
Silage yana dauke da adadin carotene da bitamin C da dabbobi ke bukata, da ruwa da fiber. Yana taimakawa wajen yin aiki da magungunan dabbobi, don taimakawa wajen yin amfani da su na roughage.
Shin kuna sani? Ya kamata wajibi ne don shanu, saboda shi ne mai fatalwa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a ciyar da shi bisa ga ka'idodin da aka ba da shawarar, tun da yawancin abincinsa a cikin abincin naman shanu zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa madara za ta sami wariyar launin fata. Masara da hatsi-wake-wake ne mafi muhimmanci ga shanu.
Babban shingen amfanin gona
Ga shiri na silage amfani da al'adu da yawa. An raba su kashi uku:
- haske;
- wuya a riƙe;
- wanda ba a iya raba shi a cikin tsabta.
Clover, sedge, clover, alfalfa ne da wuya a bautar. Tumatir da dankali mafi girma, cucumbers, zucchini, melons, pumpkins, waken soya ba su dace da bautar a cikin tsabta. Tsire-tsire daga rukuni na karshe an girbe ne kawai a cikin gauraya da sauƙi da aka haɗa ko tare da adadin masu kiyayewa da masu farawa.
A matsayin albarkatun kasa don shinge, mafi girma daga gonar lambu, ganye na kabeji, gaurayawan legumes da hatsi, ciyawa da ke girma a kan bishiyoyi, amfanin gona na tushen sun dace. Don amfani da shinge da kuma gina jiki mai gina jiki mai gina jiki (ɓangaren litattafan almara, bard, pulp).
Mafi kyau tsinkaye lokaci
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke dauke da nauyin abincin ganyayyaki shi ne lokacin girbi na amfanin gona don silage. Kowace shuka yana da lokaci mafi dacewa don cigaba don amfani da shi a cikin abinci na silage.
Don haka, don girbi tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsabta da aka tsabtace a cikin mataki na ƙwayoyi mai da'irar daji. Bayan haka ne masara ta sauƙi a sauƙaƙe kuma zai iya rasa kashi 10% kawai na kayan abinci mai gina jiki lokacin girbe. A daidai wannan lokacin sorghum an lalace.
Lokacin mafi kyau don tattara sunflower zai zama lokacin da shuka yana da 30% bude inflorescences. Idan ka rasa wannan lokacin, to, abinda ke cikin fiber a cikin sunflower zai kara, kuma dabbobi suna ci irin wannan abincin tare da ƙananan farauta.
Ana shuka hatsi a cikin shekara ta shekara a cikin kashi uku na uku, na shekara-shekara na shekara-shekara - a lokacin budding.
Ltine aft silage yana lalata lokacin da aka kafa hatsi. Clover yana da kyau a cikin lokacin flowering, hatsi - a farkon sauraro.
Yadda za a shirya silo: fasahar fasahar silage
Kayan fasaha na shiri na silage ya hada da matakai da yawa:
- kayan girbi na girbi;
- yin nisa na albarkatun kasa;
- kwanciya cikin ajiya;
- compaction of kore taro;
- kayan aiki na iska.
Sakamakon silage ya kamata a sami zafi mai kyau na 65-75%, amma ba mafi girma ba. Tare da matsanancin danshi, ƙara chaff, chaff, yankakken bambaro (15-20 kg / 100 kilogiram na abinci). Idan layin ruwan kasa bai isa ba, zucchini, kabewa, da ruwa an gabatar.- Har ila yau, a cikin taro mai duhu dole ne ya ƙunshi yawan adadin sugars.
- Jirgin daga raw abu ya kamata a tilasta fitar da shi ta hanyar dacewa mai kyau.
- Tankin, rami, rami ko ɗakin inda aka ajiye silo ya kamata a rufe shi da kyau don hana oxygen da ruwa daga shigar da shi.
Sakamakon silage ya kamata a sami zafi mai kyau na 65-75%, amma ba mafi girma ba. Tare da matsanancin danshi, ƙara chaff, chaff, yankakken bambaro (15-20 kg / 100 kilogiram na abinci). Idan layin ruwan kasa bai isa ba, zucchini, kabewa, da ruwa an gabatar.Bayan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire don lalata, dole ne a zubar da su. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu yankakken ganye ya zama 3-4 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! A ƙananan zafi na silage raw kayan, da more sosai shi dole ne ƙasa (2-3 cm). Kuma madaidaicin - tare da matsanancin zafi (80% da sama), ana buƙatar girma mai duhu (8-10 cm).Don sanin ƙimar zafi, kana buƙatar karkatar da wasu tsire-tsire a cikin dam. A lokaci guda kuma, ruwan 'ya'yan itace yana fita a cikin ƙira - wannan yana nufin cewa matakin zafi shi ne al'ada. Idan greens ba su da isasshen isasshen daji, rassan zai zama mai laushi, sa'annan yayin da aka rufe shi, ba zai gudana ba. Tare da matsananciyar danshi, ana fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsire-tsire har ma ba tare da kunguwa ba, kawai a lokacin sufuri.
Don saka silo, dole ne a yi rami rami game da m 2 m. Nisa da tsawon tsawon lokacin ba su da mahimmanci. Zai iya zama zagaye. Ganuwar rami ya kamata fadada sama. Suna buƙatar yin laka da yumbu. Ƙila za a iya rufe kasa da ganye da aka fadi ko bambaro.
Na gaba, a cikin rami a cikin yadudduka na 20-25 cm tari kore taro, tam tamping shi, musamman a kusa da ganuwar. (Za a iya canza madaurin taro mai duhu tare da yadudduka na yankakken bambaro 40-50 cm a tsawo.) Kowace rana taro ya cika zuwa 80-100 cm.
Ƙungiyar ta cika da saman - a cikin 'yan kwanakin da abin da ke ciki zai daidaita. Mafi yawan shafin, mafi kyau shine silage zai kasance. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ganye da zafi na al'ada a mafi kyau yadda ya kamata, kuma tare da matsanancin zafi suna ƙarƙashin tamping. Yawan zazzabi a cikin taro bai kamata ya wuce digiri 38 ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Za a iya shirya shinge mai kyau ne kawai don kwana uku zuwa hudu. Lokacin kwanciya da rami fiye da wannan lokacin, abincin yana warms sama, hasara gina jiki da carotene.Bayan cikakkiyar kaya, an rufe rami da sauƙin filastik kuma an rufe shi da wani digiri na 25-30 cm na ƙasa ko peat. Hakanan zaka iya rufewa tare da bales na bambaro mai kwashe. Idan babu fina-finai, kashi 30-centimeter na bambaro mai laushi, kashi biyar na sita na yumbu da kuma ma'auni na 20-25-centimeter na kasar gona. Don kare silo daga hazo, an sanya rufi a saman rami, kuma an ɗora katako a kusa da shi don hana ruwa daga shiga ciki.
Tare da isasshen aiki, abinci zai kasance a shirye don ciyarwa cikin watanni 1-1.5. Ana iya amfani da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a baya - a cikin kwanaki 15-20. A legume silo zai bukaci 1.5-2 watanni don Starter.
Akwai hanyar da za a yi ba tare da ginin gine-gine da mafaka ba. Zaka iya amfani da hanyar silage a cikin takardun polymer. A wannan yanayin, tsari na adana zai fara nan da nan bayan kwanciya a cikin hannun riga. Rasuwar tare da wannan hanya tana daga 3 zuwa 5%. Za'a iya cire abinci mai inganci daga hannun hannu kamar yadda ake bukata a ko'ina cikin shekara.
Lokacin girbi karamin abinci, zaka iya amfani da ganga.
Silo ajiya
Dogaro da silo da aka adana ya kamata ya zama mai laushi da santsi. Babban yanayi na adanawa dacewa shine kiyaye yanayin da ake buƙata da mutunci na encapsulation.
Don ɗaukar adadin abincin da ake buƙata, kayan rufe kayan dan kadan. Gilashin budewa ya kamata ya kasance kadan kamar yadda zai yiwu. Sa'an nan kuma rami ya sake rufe shi da tsare da kuma yayyafa shi da bambaro ko ƙasa.
Bayan an cire shi daga ɗakin ajiyar silo, abincin ne kawai ya dace da daya ciyar, tun lokacin da ya rasa kayan abinci a cikin iska da sauri.
Lokacin da za'a yi amfani da silo duka, rami zai buƙaci a tsaftace daga sharan gona kuma a bi da shi da wani bayani na lemun tsami.
Silos da masu kiyayewa
Don kiyaye yawancin abincin da ake amfani dashi, lokacin da aka shirya silage zuwa jigilar magunguna. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don amfanin gona da kayan aiki da ba-silage ko kuma koren taro tare da matsayi mai zurfi na danshi. Sakamakon masu kiyayewa yana ƙaddara da ikon su na sarrafa aikin da ake amfani da shi na microorganisms: bunkasa kayan shafawa, kayan shafa - lalata acid da yisti - iyaka.
Shin kuna sani? Gabatarwar sunadarai zuwa masarar masara taimaka wajen adana kashi 90 cikin dari na sukari.Bugu da ƙari na masu kiyayewa yana sa ya yiwu a samar da kayan inganci mai kyau daga kowane abu mai mahimmanci (ciki har da wanda yake da wuyar wahalar aiki), ko da kuwa yanayin yanayin layin da yanayin girma. Additives saturates abinci tare da nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, microelements.
A yau, zaɓin waɗanda ake kiyayewa don shiri na silage ya zama babbar - kimanin kimanin mutane miliyan 2.5 da aka gina. Pyrosulphite da sodium bisulfite, ammonium pyrosulphate da ammonium dihydrosulphate, formalin da sauransu suna da kyawawan abubuwa. Suka yadu da murya. Lokacin zabar wani ƙari, za a ba da fifiko ga waɗanda basu dauke da poisons da carcinogens ba.
Har ila yau, a lokacin da aka sanya nau'in sila, an gabatar da ma'adinai na ma'adinai (siffar, sorbic, lactic, propionic, acetic) ko kuma cakuda da salts. Suna sanya su a cikin da yawa yadudduka a 20-25 cm.
Yayin da ake amfani da ciyawa, masara tare da legumes, zaka iya ƙara mahimmanci na musamman, dauke da kwayoyin lactic acid.
Saboda haka, ingancin silo zai dogara ne akan dalilai masu yawa: irin tsire-tsire da ake amfani dasu, lokaci na girbi, da danshi, da yawa na kwanciya da kuma ɗaukar silo. Za'a iya gano abinci mai kyau mai launi - zai kasance daga launin kore-kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa, da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa - sauerkraut, apples apples, gurasa gurasa (dangane da abun da ke ciki). Idan silo yana da dandano daban-daban, alal misali, taki ko ammoniya, amfani da shi bai dace ba.
