Pears - sosai dadi, da kuma lafiya lafiya 'ya'yan itace. Daga mafi yawan itatuwan apple pear ya bambanta dandano mai dadi da kuma ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa. Sau da yawa a cikin lambuna da yankunan kewayen birni akwai itatuwan apple fiye da itatuwan pear.
Zai yiwu wannan shi ne saboda irin nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i. A matsayinka na mai mulki, dukkanin waɗannan nau'in sunyi kama da juna. Amma musamman a cikinsu, nauyin ƙwayoyin Memory na Zhegalov suna fitowa waje.
Zhegalov Zakaran Pear - kyakkyawa, marigayi nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, yana da manufa ta duniya. Bari mu duba duk siffofin wannan aji.
Shin kuna sani? An kirkiro iri-iri don girmama magajin nazarin halittu Sergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, wanda ya kirkiro na farko a cikin sashen kula da kwarewa ta USSR.
Tarihin kiwo nau'in nau'in pear Zhegalov
Masu shayarwa na tsohuwar Soviet Union suna da kyakkyawan dalilin girman kai.
Sakamakon ayyukansu na aiki ana iya kiyaye su a yawancin nau'o'in pears da sauran tsire-tsire, wanda babban nasara ya yada a fadin gonar gonar.
Daya daga cikin kayan aikin noma shine nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i a cikin ƙwayar Zhegalov, wanda aka shayar da shi daga mai shahararren shahara - Sergey Tikhonovich Chizhov.
A cikin shekarun 1980s, S. T. Chizhov ya gudanar da aiki a kan matasan na iri iri kamar Olga da Lesnaya Beauty. A sakamakon sakamakon zaɓin, an ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov iri iri. A cikin 90s, iri-iri sun wuce dukkan gwaje-gwaje na jihar kuma an yarda da su don amfani da masana'antu.
Alamar nau'in pear Memory Zhegalov
Bayyana irin nau'in pear Zhegalov ya kamata ya fara da jerin abubuwan da ya dace. Don wannan ya zama dole a zauna a kan bayanin duka itacen da kanta da 'ya'yansa - m da kuma m pears.
Shin kuna sani? Nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya Zhegalov yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka na ainihi na itatuwan 'ya'yan itace na fungal, kamar scab.
Bayanin itace
Bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri suna nuna halin girma.. Sau da yawa itatuwan suna da matsakaicin matsakaici, amma kuma suna iya tsayi. Kambi na itace yana da nau'i mai yaduwa, amma yana da mahimmanci, amma an nuna shi da mai launi mai kyau. Gashin itace yana da launin toka ko launin toka. A iri-iri yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa, alal misali, kimanin kilo 40 na pears za'a iya tattara su daga itace guda. 
Yawancin lokaci tsawo na itacen pear a Memory of Zhegalov yana mita 3. Lokacin farawa ya fara a rabi na biyu na watan Satumba, kuma idan yanayi ya dushe, tare da ƙananan kwanakin rana, to sai ripening zai iya farawa kuma ya fara a farkon Oktoba. Pears suna da kyau kiyaye a kan rassan. Bambanci na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Zhegalov - Wannan shi ne babban kasuwa da kuma kyakkyawan tashar sufuri.
Hoto Bayanan
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun kai matsakaicin matsakaici. A matsayinka na mulkin, nauyin 'ya'yan itacen shine 125-145 g, wani lokacin pears zai iya kai nauyin 210 g har ma fiye. Pear yana da siffar biconom ko tayi, an rufe shi da bakin ciki, santsi, m, matsakaici mai yawa da dan kadan m fata. Launi na pear yana da launin launi mai laushi ko lemun tsami tare da ƙananan launi, marar laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Tsaba na matsakaici matsakaici da launin ruwan kasa, launi mai launi.
An rarraba nama na pears da haske mai haske ko launin launi mai haske. Ana nuna yanayin da ake samu na man fetur da juiciness. Kayan ɓangaren 'ya'yan itace yana da taushi, yana da girman ƙwayar hatsi. Zhegalova Zuciya Zakaran Furo yana da ƙanshi mai dadi da ƙanshi.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni iri
Babban maɗauran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov ita ce wannan shi ne precocity. Saboda kyawawan girbi na farko na pears za'a iya samun shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki itace. Don kwatanta: iri irin su Moscow Bergamot da Dobryanka suna kawo 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko a cikin shekaru 4-5, da kuma nau'ikan samfur na Fabrairu da sauransu - a cikin shekaru 5-6.
Wani amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙwaƙwalwa Zhegalov shine kyakkyawan yanayin tafiya da kuma rayuwar rayuwa.
Rayuwar ajiya na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov shine kwanaki 100-120, godiya ga abin da zaka iya ji dadin ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara da sabo ne har zuwa farkon Fabrairu. Har ila yau, iri-iri yana nuna raunin 'ya'yan itatuwa mai raunana, wanda ya ba ka damar adana mafi yawan girbi.
Babu shakka rashin amfani da ƙwayoyin Zhegalov shine kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu, wanda ya dace da jure yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Daga cikin nau'in nau'i na iri-iri, yana yiwuwa ya rabu da shi daga pollination na pear a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Zhegalov. Kamanin wannan nau'in shine shi ne rashin rashin haihuwa (rashin iyawa ga gurbataccen mutum, da buƙatar wani nau'in pollinator). Saboda wannan, dole ne a zabi mai zabe tare da kulawa na musamman, irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar Pet Yakovleva da Moscow Bergamot ana daukar su mafi kyau.
Shin kuna sani? Yanayin yanayi masu ban sha'awa suna kwantar da ƙwayar ƙudan zuma da sauran pollinators zuwa mafi kyawun zabe.
Fasali na dasa shuki na pear seedlings na Memory of Zhegalov
Lokacin da sayen seedlings, tuna da wadannan: 
- Kowane bunch of seedlings ya kamata a alama tare da lakabin tare da sunan iri-iri;
- Ya kamata kada a yi haushi. Zai fi kyau idan yana da santsi don taɓawa, ba tare da lalata ko lalacewar injiniya ba;
- dole ne a bunkasa tushen tsarin (kashi 3-5 na asali tare da tsawon tsawon akalla 25 centimeters);
- An yarda da haske mai haske na asalinsu. Tsarin da aka yi daidai daidai ba ya karya har ma da karfi. Yi karamin ƙananan, kuma za ku ga farar fata;
- idan seedlings suna da tushen tushen tsarin, to, ya kamata su kasance ba tare da ganye, da kuma a cikin bazara, tare da buds ba tare da sune ba.
Lakin kwanta da zaɓi na shafin
Menene lokaci mafi kyau don dasa shuki seedlings? Saboda haka, don seedlings tare da tsarin tushen tushen, an dasa shuki a lokacin bazara (daga karshen Afrilu - har zuwa watan Mayu), da kuma a cikin fall (daga karshen watan Satumba - har zuwa karshen Oktoba).
A cikin fall, ingancin kayan dasawa yafi kyau, da kuma dasa pear a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Zhegalov a cikin kaka ya haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don rayuwa na shuka da sake farfadowa daga asalinsu. Amma a lokaci guda, yanayi mara kyau mara kyau zai iya lalata kuma ya raunana seedlings.
Dasa a cikin bazara, tare da na yau da kullum watering yana taimaka wa mai kyau rayuwa seedlings.
Lokacin zabar shafin don dasa shuki, tuna cewa pear na Memory of Zhegalov yana buƙatar ya kasance da kyau kuma ya kiyaye shi daga iska. Kusan duk wani nau'i na ƙasa ya dace da wannan nau'in, sai dai sandy, gravelly da kuma babban abun ciki na gishiri. Musamman ma wannan iri-iri ke tsiro a kan chernozems tare da tsaka tsaki dauki da chestnut kasa.
EIdan sunadaran acidic sun fi yawa a kan shafin, to lallai ya zama dole don farawa. Har ila yau ka tuna game da rashin yarda da amfani da kayan aikin likitanci na acidiologically.
Shirye-shiryen aikin kafin saukowa
Kafin ka fara dasa, dole ne ka gudanar da zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Tare da digging, an gabatar da kilogram 6-8 na takin. Har ila yau, yana tafiyar da shi da superphosphate a cikin adadin 40-60 grams da mita mita da potassium a cikin adadin 20-30 grams, bi da bi. Zhegalova Zakaran Pear yana bukatar kulawa mai kyau da kulawa.
Kafin dasa shuki na ƙwaƙwalwar Zhegalov, wajibi ne a gwada rami wanda girmansa ya fi girma fiye da girman yawan tsarin tushen seedling. Ƙasa a cikin radius na mita 3 ya kamata ya zama mai isasshen isa don samar da shuka tare da musayar iska mafi kyau.
Yana buƙatar akalla mako guda daga shirya rami don dasa shuki shuka. A wannan lokacin, an adana ƙasa sosai, wanda ke taimakawa hana tushen daga watse a lokacin dasa da bayan shi.
Shirye-shiryen dasa shuki
Tsayar da alamu sun dogara ne akan ƙarfin iri-iri. Sabili da haka, an sanya iri iri mai karfi akan nau'in iri iri bisa tsari: 6-7 x 4-5 mita, matsakaici tsawo - 4-5 x 3-4 mita. Idan an sanya pear a kan ƙuƙwalwa, to, nisa tsakanin layuka zai iya rage zuwa mita 3-4, kuma a jere - zuwa mita 1.5-2.
Dasa da shirye seedlings na faruwa bisa ga fasaha mai zuwa:
- a tsakiyar ɓangaren rami na saukowa an ɗora wani gungumen azaba, wanda ba a yi amfani da itacen pear wanda bai riga ya zama karfi ba;
- a lokacin dasa, sanya nau'in pear a cikin hanyar da wuyansa na wucin gadi ya tashi sama da matakin ƙasa game da kusan santimita 5-6;
- bayan da asalinsu sun rufe ƙasa, dole ne a shayar da shuka sosai. Idan ka shuka da dama seedlings, to, don watering zai buƙaci 3 buckets na ruwa ga kowane shuka. Samar da shading a cikin kwanaki na farko bayan dasa, kazalika da cike da ƙasa a cikin kundin dajin. Ta yaya tsami za ta dace da irin abubuwan da suke da shi - peat ko sawdust. Wannan zai inganta rayuwa kuma rage lokacin daidaitawa na shuka a sabon wuri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan bayan dasa shuki wuyan wuyan wuyansa ba a nesa da santimita 5-6 a sama da matakin ƙasa, an bada shawara a sake ginawa.
Hanyoyi suna kula da nau'in pear Memory Zhegalov
Domin yaro ya yi girma da kuma inganta yadda ya kamata, dole ne ya kula da shi sosai. Ka tuna cewa seedling ya kamata da kyau (amma ba karfi) daura da peg gyara shi. Yankin Pristvolny ya kamata a tsabtace shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci daga weeds da wasu kwari-kwari, wanda bishiyar itace kyakkyawan abincin. Kullum saka idanu kan ƙasa, saboda rashin danshi yana da illa kuma zai iya sa seedling ta bushe bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan dasa.
Kula da ƙwayar itacen pear yana kusa da kulawa da sapling.
Sau da yawa wani kwari irin su yin amfani da tsire-tsire a jikin itace. A gare shi, ƙuƙwalwar bakin ciki na tsire-tsire ba ƙyama ba ce don samun abinci. Idan aphids ne kadan, to, za a iya tattara tare da hannu, sa'an nan kuma hallaka. Idan aphids ya isa manyan, to, ku bi wurin da kwari ya tara tare da kowane wakili na kwari.
Rigakafin da kariya daga kwari da cututtuka
Dabbobi iri-iri na Memory of Zhegalov suna da nakasar cututtukan jiki. Duk da haka, don karewa da kuma bi da shuka, dole ne a san ainihin alamun cututtuka da abubuwan da suka lalata.
Yawancin lokaci shuka yana rinjayar daban-daban iri na ganye. Bordeaux cakuda ne manufa domin yaki da wannan cuta (domin ta shirye-shiryen, 300 g na jan karfe sulfate da 400 g da lemun tsami suna diluted a lita 10 na ruwa). Bi da ganyayyakin pear tare da wannan shirye-shiryen kuma cutar ba da daɗewa ba.
Daga cikin kwari kwari za a iya gano su kamar haka:
- sucker da weevil. Don magance su, kai 300 g na taba kwakwalwan kwamfuta, zuba 10 lita na ruwa da kuma barin for 3 days. Bayan magance maganin kuma yad da shuka sau 2-3 tare da wani lokaci na kwanaki 10;
- asu da ganye caterpillars. Don magance su, miyagun ƙwayoyi "Lepidocide" ya dace. Yi jita-jita 50 milliliters na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa da kuma ciyar da magani 2-3 tare da wani lokaci na 10-14 days;
- sawfly da aphid. Shirya coniferous decoction, saboda wannan, dauka kilo 2 na needles, cika shi da lita 8 na ruwa kuma ya dage shi har tsawon mako guda. Bayan magance matsalar da za a samu kuma ku tsoma shi da ruwa a cikin rabo daga 1/10. Yi amfani da sau 3-4 tare da tazarar kwanaki bakwai;
- ticks. A cikin yaki da ticks dace 1% bayani na colloidal sulfur. Don yin wannan, rushe kunshin miyagun ƙwayoyi a lita 5 na ruwa. Bi da su tare da shuka bisa ga amfani da lita 2 ta sapling kuma har zuwa lita 10 da balagagge.
Watering pear
A lokacin da pears watering a Memory of Zhegalov, ka tuna cewa itace mai girma balaga ba yana buƙatar samun lada ba. A lokacin kakar, pear yana buƙatar ruwa biyu zuwa hudu, amma a yanayin cewa kasar gona tana da isasshen ruwan sanyi.
A cikin yanayin bushe, wajibi ne a shayar da pear a kalla sau ɗaya a mako, sannan kuma a cike da pristvolnuyu ƙasa don kare adana. Kafin kaddamar da ƙwayarwa, ƙasa ta yi noma sosai.
Ka yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da irin wannan ƙudawa bayan kowace watering don hana ƙaddamar da ɓawon burodi. Irin wannan ɓawon burodi ne mai hadarin gaske saboda cewa yana hana samar da isasshen ruwan inji da oxygen zuwa tushen asalin.
Amfani
Itacen itace yana buƙatar kulawa, wanda zai tabbatar da kyakkyawan rayuwa da ci gaban aiki har ma a farkon shekara ta girma.
Yin hawan fatar ya kamata ya zama hanya na yau da kullum tare da watering da sassauta ƙasa.
Ana iya fara amfani da takin mai magani a cikin shekara ta biyu na ci gaban itacen. Spring da kaka su ne mafi kyau ga aikace-aikacen taki, amma ciyarwa na lokaci-lokaci za a iya gudanar a lokacin rani.
Don mafi kyau sha na taki, yi yanki a kusa da pear. Tsawon irin wannan tabarau yana dogara ne akan adadin taki. Saboda haka, a kan 1 square. m na kasar gona a matsakaici ya kamata asusun ajiyar kimanin kilo 9 na humus, 25 g na potassium chloride da 15 g na urea. Für ma'adinai da takin mai magani hade tare da ƙasa a cikin wannan tare mahara sa'an nan kuma takin gargajiya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dukkan takin mai magani sun kasu kashi ma'adinai da kwayoyin. Haɗuwa da kuma biyan kuɗi tare da yawan aikace-aikace za su kasance maɓalli don ci gaba da ci gaban shuka. Lokacin yin amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai na musamman akwai hadarin ƙimar kima daga ƙasa. Ana amfani da takin mai magani ne kawai sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2-3, wanda bai isa ba don ci gaba da ci gaban shuka.
Ƙasa ta ƙura
Dandana masu bada shawara sun ba da shawarar yin guje wa sodding kusa da kararrakin daji.
Dole ne kasar gona ta kasance mai tsabta kuma da kyau. Shine ciyawa da ke dogara da tushen tushen shuka daga bushewa, kuma yana hana bayyanar nau'i daban-daban kuma yana kula da wani kyakkyawan launi.
Har ila yau, ciyawa shine wani nau'i na "matashin kai", wanda ya rage girman tasirin da ke cikin shuka.
A karkashin yanayi na halitta, ƙwayar ta zama abin da ya bar ganye, ƙananan rassan da rassan tsire-tsire. Don ci gaba da gudanar da pears, akwai hanyoyi guda uku:
- rufe ƙasa mai kusa kusa da ƙasa tare da fim din baki ko tare da kayan rufe kayan musamman;
- Yayyafa kasar gona tare da kayan aiki da dama irin su peat, sawdust, da dai sauransu.
- rufe ƙasa tare da takarda na takin.
Ka'idojin ka'idojin pruning
Pear pruning ne da za'ayi a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan dasa. Yin tsabta da kyau ya ba ka damar samar da kambi domin itacen zai ba da ƙarfinsa don samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ba don girma rassan ba dole ba.
Ba'a ba da shawarar pruning don rana guda ba, saboda wannan zai taimaka wajen bunkasa sabon harbe. A sakamakon haka, pruning, da aka yi a cikin rana ɗaya, zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin shekaru biyu harbe zai kasance mafi girma daga kambi. 
Hanyar daidai don pruning a pear kunshi matakai guda uku:
- ƙaddarawa ƙaddamarwa, ƙyale ka ka ƙirƙiri kambi mai kyau;
- sanitary - an yi shi kafin shuka ya fara kakar girma kuma ya hada da kauce wa rassan bishiyoyi da suka shafa;
- goyon bayan - babban pruning, wanda aka gudanar daga farkon Maris zuwa na farko na Afrilu. Lokacin da aka yanke sassa na manyan rassan, sabõda haka, ba a baje su da 'ya'yan itatuwa ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a girke sapling nan da nan bayan dasa, gano rassan kwarangwal, da kuma samar da kambi na gaba don shekaru da yawa. Wannan tsarin zai taimaka muku wajen kula da pear.
Terms of ripening da kuma ajiya na amfanin gona
Kwayoyin Memory of Zhegalov sune ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da ya fara farawa a farkon shekara ta uku na Satumba. Kwancen girbi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Zhegalov yana faruwa a lokacin cikakken ripening, tun lokacin da 'ya'yan balagagge kawai ke jure rai mai tsawo.
Abin kuskure ne a cika cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa na pear zasu iya tashi bayan an cire su daga itacen.
A gaskiya ma, wannan ba gaskiya bane, amma akasin haka - 'ya'yan itacen pear unripe suna da rai marar iyaka.
Crates na katako na gargajiya sun dace don ajiyar 'ya'yan itace. Saka pears a cikin su a cikin layuka 2-3 kuma yayyafa su da itace mai kyau. Ana iya amfani da takarda a matsayin kayan marufi. Yawancin pear a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Zhegalov shine kimanin kilo 40 na kowane itacen girma.
Kwayoyin Memory of Zhegalov za su zama tsire-tsire marar ganuwa ga mazaunan yankunan da masu sanyi, har ma wadanda ke neman wani itace mai cututtukan da ke da ƙwaya. Na gode da kyakkyawar adana 'ya'yan itacen, zaka iya jin dadin su a tsakiyar hunturu, lokacin da wasu zasu iya mafarki kawai game da shi.
