Daban-daban sako amma babba, kuma suna buƙatar a rarraba su domin suyi nazarin su, da kuma samar da matakai don magance su. A aikin aikin noma, ana amfani da manyan tsare-tsare guda biyu masu mahimmanci - agrobiological (muhimmancin siffofin halittu masu fassarar kwayoyi: yanayin da ake ciyarwa da haifuwa, tsinkaye na rai) da kuma jinsin dabbobi (jinsin, iyali, iri, tsire-tsire iri-iri) ƙaddamar da weeds. A cikin wannan labarin zamu bincika dalla-dalla yadda aka tsara nazarin halittu.
Non-parasitic shuke-shuke
Wannan ƙananan rukuni ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta wanda ke tattare da kwayoyin halittu daga lalacewa ta hanyar photosynthesis. Suna da wani ɓangare na ɓangaren fasaha da tushen tsarin. Kayyadewa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire marasa tsire-tsire ta hanyar rayuwa ta rayuwa shine kamar haka: yara (daya da biyu) da kuma jin dadi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Irin wannan rarraba ba shi da wata ma'ana, saboda wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin za su iya zama ƙira a cikin wasu yanayi na rayuwa.
Young weeds
Matasa masu tsire-tsire suna tsire-tsire ne kawai da tsaba, suna rayuwa fiye da shekaru biyu kuma suna mutuwa bayan sun samo tsaba. Bisa ga yanayin rayuwa, an raba su zuwa shekara-shekara (bisa ga halaye na rayuwa, an raba ragowar shekara-shekara zuwa ephemera, spring, wintering, da kuma hunturu) da kuma 'yan shekaru biyu (lokuta biyu masu cin ganyayyaki suna buƙata don ci gaba da ci gaba da shuka daga shukawa zuwa tsire-tsire, ).
Ana rarraba samfurin matasa a cikin tebur:
| Young weeds | |
| Shekarar shekara | Biennial |
| Ephemera - tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire na girma (watanni 1.5-2) zai iya samar da ƙarnoni masu yawa a cikin kakar daya. Wani wakilin wakili na ephemeral weeds shine tsutsa star. Ci gaba a cikin wuraren da ake kula da su, m yankunan m. Its mai tushe yana rassan, kusan creeping, zai iya ba tushen adventitious. Ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire zai iya haifuwa daga 15 zuwa 25,000 tsaba kuma yana da 'ya'ya sau biyu a shekara. | Real - wadannan tsire-tsire masu ciyayi suna ci gaba sosai kamar yadda aka saba da su: a farkon shekara ta rayuwa kawai suna tara kayan abinci a cikin asalinsu, suna da tsirrai da kuma mai tushe, amma ba suyi girma ba kuma ba su da 'ya'ya, kuma a cikin na biyu (bayan shafewa) mai tushe tare da furanni da tsaba). Sake haifuwa a farkon shekarar rayuwa shine iri, kuma a cikin na biyu - vegetative. Zasu iya shuɗuwa sau biyu kuma kawai bayan sunyi girma kuma suna bada 'ya'ya, amma idan seedlings sun bayyana a ƙarshen lokacin rani ko a cikin fall kuma babu isasshen abin gina jiki a cikin asalinsu. Irin wannan sako ne aka wakilta ta wadannan nau'in: жев лип, ƴawa, clover na magani, henbane baki. |
| Spring farkon - farawa a farkon spring kuma gama don inganta zuwa tarin horar da shuke-shuke ko lokaci guda tare da maturation. Propagated by tsaba. Wannan ci gaba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa an lalata ƙasa da iri iri. Masu wakilci na farkon spring su ne gurasar na yau da kullum, hatsi, gwanta mountaineer, tsuntsu tsuntsu, daji radish, white mary, kantin magani hayaki da sauransu. | Zabin - weeds wanda zai iya bunkasa duka biyu a matsayin ainihin tallace-tallace na biennial, kuma a matsayin tsire-tsire na hunturu. Dukkanin ya dogara ne akan yanayin muhallin yanayi na musamman. |
| Spring marigayi - waɗannan weeds suna cike da isasshen ƙasa, suna bunkasa sannu a hankali kuma ana ba da tsaba tare da marigayi marigayi tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire sun shiga amfanin gona. Tsarin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna tsiro ne daga tsaba, kuma wakilan su na wakilci sune shukirk tilted, wani shinge na sintiri, gero, kurai, ambrosia polynnolistnaya, bristles launin toka da kore, da kuma amaranth jefa a baya. | |
| Yawan hunturu - waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar lokacin hutawa tare da yanayin zafi mai zurfi (overwintering), ba tare da su ba karamin ci gaba ba zai yiwu ba. Cigabawa yana faruwa a lokacin tillering ko rosette. Harberan amfanin gona na hunturu sun bayyana a ƙarshen lokacin rani - a cikin fall. Shuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin albarkatun noma da ciyawa. Suna ninka kawai ta hanyar iri. Wakilai na amfanin gona na hunturu - broomstick, rye wuta, makiyayi na makiyayi, blueflowerflower. | |
| Wintering - za su iya shuka a ƙarshen lokacin rani sannan su ci gaba da zama a matsayin amfanin gona na hunturu, ko tsire-tsire a farkon lokacin bazara da kuma ci gaba kamar yadda bazara. Spring harbe ba su haifar da basal rosette na ganye, kuma suna ripen kadan daga baya ko lokaci guda tare da hatsi amfanin gona. Late harbe overwinter a kowane lokaci na girma. Bayan hunturu, samar da lakabi na ganyayyaki, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire da wuri. Ma'aikata iri - chamomile odorless, larkspur filin, na kowa wart, filin violet, sharar gida iya. | |
Shin kuna sani? A Japan, irin wannan tsire-tsire, kamar burdock, ana dauke shi da kayan lambu mai sauƙi kuma an cinye shi, mai dafa, yayi koyi. Tushen Burdock yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, kuma furanni suna kama da dandano.
Kayan Gwaran Daji
Wadannan tsire-tsire ne da ke da shekaru fiye da shekaru biyu, suna ninka guda biyu a cikin vegetatively da iri, kuma suna bada 'ya'ya a yawancin lokutan rayuwa. Bayan da tsaba sun taso, kwayoyin sunadaran kawai sun mutu kawai gabobin da ke ƙasa, da kuma karkashin kasa (kwararan fitila, tubers, Tushen, rhizomes) suna riƙe da yiwuwar su. Kowace shekara, sabon ƙwayar ya tsiro ne daga ɓangarori na ƙasa, samar da mai tushe, furanni da tsaba. Idan mukayi magana game da hanyar haifuwa, ana raba wajan rassan kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu - raɗaɗɗiyar yaduwa vegetatively ko a'a girma a kowane vegetatively, da kuma yaduwa mafi yawa vegetatively. Ma'aikata na musamman na perennial weeds su ne filin bindweed, zane-zane, lambun lambun rassan, daji mai cinyewa, horsetail, tsutsawa mai zafi, dandelion, coltsfoot.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin weeds daga ƙungiyoyin halittu kamar haka: tushen-rootstocks, rhizomatous, tushen-tushen, raceme, tuberous da bulbous, urinary follicle da creeping.
Tushen sprinklers weeds suna da haɗari masu haɗari waɗanda suke da mahimmanci, mai iko, tushen tushen tushe. Daga tushe, tushen layi, wanda akwai farfadowa na rani, diyewa radially, yafi vegetatively, tare da buds a kan tushen da kuma, zuwa karami har, tsaba. Wakilan wannan irin perennials - filin sage, filin shuka thistle, kananan oxaloaceae, na kowa colza, creeping m.
Rhizomatous Tsiran daji suna da nauyin shuke-shuke masu cin ganyayyaki (rhizomes), wanda ke tasowa ƙwarai, kuma ana sanya su cikin ƙasa a zurfin zurfin. Rhizomes suna da karfin zuciya, suna dauke da wadataccen kayan abinci. Suna haɓaka yafi ta hanyar tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi kuma, zuwa ƙananan ƙara, tsaba Wakilai su ne alkama, yatsan yatsan, takalma, miliyoyin, alep sorghum.
Rodroot weeds su ne tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda sukan samo asali da tsaba kuma suna da tsarin tushen famfo. Wasu lokuta lalacewar asalinsu na iya haifar da tsire-tsire. Tushen tushe, mai tsayi, yana mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa, ba tare da nodes, buds da ganye ba. Kwayoyin suna mutu a kowace shekara kuma suna sabuntawa daga buds wanda aka sa a kan takalma mai tushe ko a gefen ɓangaren kara. Wannan jinsunan perennial weeds suna wakiltar wormwood, dandelion, curly sorrel, da chicory.
Brushwood - tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da tsarin tushen fibrous da kuma yadawa ta tsaba. Tushen hannu mai ƙarfi. Kwayoyin da kuma kayan aiki sun mutu a kowace shekara, kuma ana haifar da sabuwar a wurin su a shekara mai zuwa. Ma'aikata na tushe na gogaggun sune magunguna da kuma babban plantain.
Bulbous weeds suna da bulba da ke aiki don tattara kwayoyin halitta, ninka vegetatively, gyaggyara sauye-sauye mai tushe. Gilashin ya ƙunshi wani lebur, mai ƙarfi ya ragu ƙananan tushe a kan abin da sikelin matakan ke bunkasa, kuma a tsakiya na kwan fitila ne koda-jarirai. Wakilin wakili ne mai zagaye.
Tuberous weeds - 'ya'yan itace da tubers, wanda shine kwayoyin su na yaduwa. Wakilin shine Chistele marsh.
Cirewa - itatuwan daji wanda ke da ƙwayoyin halitta masu tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire (mai tushe) - wani abu a tsakanin tsirrai na fure da hakikanin rhizomes karkashin kasa wadanda ake nufi don haifar da vegetative. A cikin nodes na mai tushe akwai buds da ganye. An samo ƙwayoyin kayan lambu daga buds, wanda ke haifar da tsarin kansu na tushen kansu. Ma'aikatan creeping suna cin tsuntsaye cinquefoil, tsuntsaye mai laushi, tsuntsaye mai ivy-dimbin.
Shin kuna sani? Daya daga cikin al'ada mafi kyau shine Dandelion, amma ana amfani dashi a magani na gargajiya (wanke hanta) da kuma dafa abinci (yin salads, jams, ruwan inabi, kuma tushe shine tushen kofi).
Tsarin shuke-shuke
A cikin juyin halitta, fassaran kwayoyin cutar sun rasa ikon su na photosynthesis, kuma abincin su yana faruwa ne a kan kuɗin gidan mai masaukin ta hanyar gabobin musamman-suckers ko hausters. A kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna rage matakan ganye (ba tare da chlorophyll) ba, wanda ke kare kariya a cikin farkon matakan cigaba. Parasitic weeds suna yadawa ta tsaba. Tsarin tsire-tsire suna rabu zuwa tushen kuma suna dashi game da maƙallan abin da aka sanya a cikin abincin da aka yi amfani da shi ga masaukin masaukin.
Tushen
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da mai sauƙi ko sauƙaƙe mai tushe, tare da launi na launin launin ruwan kasa. Ana tattara furanni a kunne mai sauƙi. Wani sabon ƙwayar matashi yana tasowa daga tsaba, ba ya tashi a cikin ƙasa ba da sauri, amma ya kasance a ciki har zuwa wannan lokacin har sai ya samo asalin tushen wani ɗakin da yake dauke da shi kuma ya haifar dashi akan shi - girma. Ba da da ewa stalks na m sanya hanya daga wannan girma, da kuma stalks na shuka shuka hankali sannu a waje. Hankula wakilan tushen parasites ne broomrape hemp da sunflower broomrape.
Kara
Waɗannan su ne shekara-shekara da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Sai kawai filamentous tushe matures daga tsaba. A saman ƙasa, ya sami abin da yake buƙata don ciyar da ɗakin mai masaukin da sandunansu har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. Dukkan shuke-shuke na parasitic suna inganta furanni, 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba. Wakilai na parasitic kara shuke-shuke - flax iri dodder, filin dodder, Clover dodder da sauransu.
Shin kuna sani? A yanayi, akwai haɗari sosai don lafiyar lafiyar mutum. Irin su ambrosia, hogweed, cychena, hemlock da wormwood.
A ƙarshe, an tsara matakan siffanta ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire a cikin hanyar tebur:
| Tsire-tsire | |||
| Non-parasitic | Parasitic | ||
| Yara | Kyau Tushen sprinklers Rhizomatous Rodroot Brushwood Bulbous Tuberous Cirewa | Kara Tushen | |
| Shekarar shekara | Biennial | ||
| Ephemera Spring farkon Spring marigayi Wintering Yawan hunturu | Real Zabin | ||
