Ginin, wanda za'a tattauna a wannan labarin, saboda kasashe da yawa ba su da yawa. Zhiryanka Ya kasance nau'in nau'in 'ya'yan itace na hatsari kuma an kiyaye shi ta hanyar doka. An amince da kariya ta doka a cikin Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Jamus, Ukraine, Lithuania da Latvia. Don ƙarin fahimtar rayuwar Zhyryanka daji, game da iri da sunaye, karanta alamu.
Zhyryanka talakawa (Pinguicula vulgaris L.)
Zhiryanka talakawa shi ne tsire-tsire mai laushi ta zane-zane mai suna Zhiryanka, Bubyl iyali.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba kamar wasu tsire-tsire na iyalin Bubyl ba, duk nau'o'in Zhyryanka suna da ainihin asalinsu. Duk da haka, yanayin da ya dace don bunkasa zhiryanka shine yanayin yanayi mafi kyau. In ba haka ba, injin yana samar da tushe mai rauni, wanda sauƙaƙe rots.
Habitat: dutsen da ke kan dutse da wuraren da ke kan dutse.
Rarraba: Turai, Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia, Alaska.
Flowering: Yuni-Agusta.
Bayani: inji yana da tushen fibrous (5-15 cm). Tsawancin ciyawa shine 5-25 cm. Ganye suna basal (basal, sessile), wanda yake da tushe, 2-5 cm tsawo, 1-2 cm fadi. Yana da sauƙi a gane ƙwayar da za a iya samu a cikin sifa, mai launi, kore-kore, da kuma mai sassauci zuwa sutura. Tsayi tsayi da tsawo (5-17 cm tsayi). Calyx yana da kyakkyawar tsari. Single inflorescence. Kwasfa suna da launi mai launi. Binciken ganyayyaki ya nuna kananan kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke da alaƙa a kan layin ganye. Common zhiryanka da dukan sauran irin wannan shuka suna yaduwa da iri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ka yanke shawara ka shiga cikin gonar Zhyryanka a gonarka ko gida, yana da muhimmanci a san cewa wannan shuka ita ce m (insectivorous). MIsh Zyryanka - wannan nau'i ne na kwari. Ruwan ruwa da ma'adanai na musamman waɗanda ke cikin ganye suna jawo hankalin ƙananan kwari. Lokacin da kwari sukan tara a kan ciyawa, ganye suna juya daga gefen zuwa tsakiya sannan su ci kwari.
Tastan Alpine (Pinguicula alpina L.)
Alpine zhiryanka - daya shuka, yana da tsawon kwanan rai tsawon rai.
Bayani: Ya bambanta da na kowa Zhyryanka, mai tushe na wannan shuka ya dan karami. Rhizome kara, launin ruwan kasa; Tushen kwayoyin halitta sune rawaya mai rawaya tare da lakabi guda daya a cikin tushe. Girman shuke-shuke - 5-15 cm. Ganye sun bambanta, wanda yake a gindin, 4-5 a cikin ɗaya daga cikin raga, har zuwa 4 cm a diamita, suna da ƙuƙwalwa a kan fuskar. Launi na ganye ya bambanta daga rawaya kore da duhu ja zuwa ruwan hoda. Wata guda mai tsayi mai launin fararen fata yana farin tare da pollen launin fata.
Rarraba da mazaunin: A shuka sosai thermophilic. Yana faruwa a kan kudancin kudancin dutse da duwatsu a tsakiyar tsakiyar arctic. Alpine zhiryanka ne Turai da Siberian irin zhiryanki, yadu rarraba a arewacin da highland yankunan.
Flowering: Yawancin lokaci sabon bud ya buɗe a lokacin kakar.
Shin kuna sani? Sabanin sauran jinsuna, mai tsayi zyryanka ne mai tsaka-tsaki. Kayan yana da chlorophyll kuma yana karɓar kayan abinci daga photosynthesis.
Gypsum Toaster (Pinguicula gypsicola)
Bayani: Rhizome yana da sauki, takaice, amma akwai adadi masu tsinkaye. Mafi yawan ganye da dama suna da tsari mai launi da kuma tsalle-tsalle-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle ko siffar m (1.5-8 cm cikin tsawon, 2-3.5 mm a fadin). Tsarin gini; da flower yana da halayyar m zazzabi. Hakanan an raba shi zuwa babba da ƙananan lebe; petals purple. Yawan adadin na corolla daga 2 zuwa 2.5 cm.
Rarraba da mazaunin: Mexico ne wurin haifar da shuka, wanda aka samu a Brazil. An gano wannan irin wannan Zhyryanka a 1910 a kusa da gypsum quarry dake San Luis (1300 m bisa teku). A shekarar 1991, ya sami sunansa kuma ya fara horarwa a Turai. A mazaunin gypsum zhiryanka na buƙatar ƙarin bayani. Tsarin yanayi na wannan shuka shi ne duwatsu masu duwatsu: ciyawa ke tsiro ko dai a cikin ƙwayoyin kristalline ko a cikin ƙananan shimfidar ƙasa.
Ya fi son gefen gefen tudun, yana fuskantar arewa ko arewa maso yamma, tun da akwai ruwa daga ƙasa ya kasa kuma yawan zazzabi yana da ƙasa. Duk da haka, wani lokacin ana iya samun shuka a wurare masu duhu na kananan canyons. A lokacin rani (daga Disamba zuwa Yuni), injin ya sami ruwan dudu ne kawai daga tsakar dare. Tsakanin Agusta da Nuwamba, akwai ruwan sama da yawa, amma tsaunin kanta ma yana riƙe da danshi, wanda yake samar da injin tare da ƙarin ciyarwa.
Flowering: daga Yuni zuwa Nuwamba (dangane da lakaran ƙasa); Bloom zai fara daga baya.
Gurasar radiyo (Pinguicula cyclosecta)
Zhiryanka-zagaye - mai sauƙi irin Zhiryanka.
Bayani: Ya bambanta da sauran jinsuna a zagaye, kodadde kore sessile ganye. Ana tattara ganye mai yawa a cikin wani ƙwaƙwalwar mai. Kayan da ke cikin iyaka yana da 20 cm, tsawon tsawon layin kwayar halitta shine 12 cm. Rim yana da rauni sosai, mai launi a launi. Rhizome takaice, mai sauƙi, tare da mai yawa adventitious filiform Tushen. Wannan ganye yana bukatar ma'adanai. Saboda haka, kamar nau'ikan Zhyryanka, wannan tsire-tsire yana amfani da ganye kamar Velcro don tayar da kwari (don karin abinci mai gina jiki).
Rarraba: Mexico shine wurin haifuwar Zhiryanka zagaye. A cikin daji, shahararren ke tsiro a cikin gandun daji: a kan duwatsu masu launi da tsumburai. Wani lokaci yana girma a yankunan da ke da yawa daga masallatai ko kawai a kan manyan duwatsu (a arewacin kankara).
Moastian Toast (Pinguicula moranensis)
Zyryanka Moranskaya - shuke-shuken kwari na kwari. 
Bayani: A lokacin rani, injin yana samar da wata launin fata mai zurfi har zuwa santimita 10, wanda an rufe shi da mucous gland. Kamar sauran nau'o'in, Moranian zhiryanka yana ciyar da kwari. Anyi amfani da kayan abinci daga jiki na kananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin amfãni a cikin ƙasa. A cikin hunturu, Moranian zhiryanka ya rasa tasharsa kuma yana daukan nauyin karamin shuka. Furen yana da ruwan hoda ko inuwa mai haske, wanda yake tsaye a tsaye yana kai har zuwa tsawon mita 25. Tsire-tsire yana shuka sau biyu a shekara.
Rarraba da mazaunin: An samo wannan jinsin a Mexico a 1799. Har wa yau, shuka yana tsiro a Mexico, da Guatemala. An zana kayan yabo na Moranian a ko'ina cikin duniya.
Shin kuna sani? Daga dukkan nau'o'in jinsin Zhiryanka, mafi shahararren namo a cikin gida shine Moran. Wannan shi ne wani ɓangare saboda gaskiyar cewa inji yana da manyan, haske, na bakin ciki da launin ban sha'awa.
Zhiryanka launi-leaf (Pinguicula planifolia)
Bayani: Zhiryanka bangon ganye daga wasu jinsuna suna bambanta da mai zurfin launin fata na fata. Wasu samfurori na iya samun launuka masu launi (saboda rashin hasken rana). Gilashin ƙaddamarwa shine 12.5 cm; Tsararre mai tsayi - 12 cm. Launi na petals ya bambanta daga launin miki-m zuwa kusan fari. Furen suna ƙananan, amma zasu iya isa 2 cm a diamita. Don furen ya buɗe cikakkunta, inji yana buƙatar hasken rana don kwanaki da yawa. Yana cikin hasken rana cewa ganyayyaki na ciyawa suna samun launi mai zurfi.
Habitat: Irin wannan mace mai ladabi yana son wurin zama mai tsabta. Za'a iya samun nau'in flat a cikin wuraren da aka riga ya rigaya a matsayin slopes, marshes, daji.
Rarraba: tasowa a arewacin arewa. Irin wannan Zhiryanka ya fito daga Amurka (kudu maso gabas); sau da yawa samu a Faransa.
Lokacin cin abinci: Maris zuwa Afrilu, dangane da zazzabi.
Barazana: An yi barazana ga shuka ta hanyar zubar da shafin, ta inganta yanayin ruwa da kowane irin aikin mutum.
Zyryanka Wallisnerielistnaya (Pinguicula vallisneriifolia)
Valleus mai fat-claret wani nau'i ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na dangin Bubyllate.
Rarraba da mazaunin: inji yana zaune a wurare masu dadi da yankunan da ke kan iyakoki a tsawon mita 600-1700 sama da teku. Tsirancin noma yana ƙaunar m, amma yankunan kare daga kai tsaye. Zhirinka vallysenelistnaya yana tartsatsi a cikin duwatsu na Spain.
Bayani: furen mai kyan gani ne mai launin ruwan hoda ko mai launi, mai sauƙi sau da yawa fararen fata ko shuɗi. Kwayoyin motsa jiki suna da tsawon 15-22 mm. Basal ganye suna da diamita na 12.5 cm, tsawo 12 cm; launi daga cikin kayan aiki shine terracotta,
Lokacin cin abinci: Girman furen da aka yi amfani da shi a fadin gargajiya yana da yawa a watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
Noma: Tsuntsaye na tsawon lokaci zai zama aiki mai wuya. Yanayin da ake bukata don ci gaba shine: zafi mai kyau, ƙananan zazzabi da fitilar UV.
Zhirianka nitelist (Pinguicula filifolia)
Zyryanka zylelistnaya - shuke-shuke perennial, wani nau'in kwari na kwari na zyryanka.
Rarraba: Zyryanka nitylistnaya yana rufe wani yanki na muhalli fiye da wasu nau'in. Yana faruwa ne a yankunan yammacin Kyuba da wasu yankuna makwabta. Zyryanka nitelist an gano shi a 1866.
Habitat da ilmin halayyar halitta: Zyryanka filamentous ke tsiro a kusa da bakin teku da kuma cikin marshes. Grass yayi girma a cikin fadin da yawan zafin jiki da kuma zafi mai zafi na iska da ƙasa. Duk da haka, lokacin rani, wanda ya kasance daga watan Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, wannan tsire-tsire yana tsayayya sosai.
Bayani: Tsawon ganye na Zhiryanka filamentous - 4-6 mm, nisa - 1-1,5 mm. Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wannan tsire-tsire mai amfani da kayan ɓoye a jikin ganye don kama kananan kwari, pollen da sauran tarkace don shuka kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Ramin yana da diamita na 8-10 mm. Ɗaya daga cikin sauƙi yana da nau'i-nau'i na madaidaiciya. Kowace fure tana da 5 petals. Launi na petals ya bambanta daga fari zuwa launin rawaya, daga blue zuwa purple.
Flowering: lokacin flowering yana faruwa ne a lokacin rani (Yuli, Agusta), amma tsire-tsire za ta iya fure a duk shekara zagaye.
Barazana: saboda ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin fadin, mai yaduwa mai saurin yakan fuskanci barazanar juyawa. Lokacin da nama mai girma ya kai girma, ƙwayar ruwan ya ɗauki matsayi na tsaye. Wannan matsayi na tsaye yana taimaka masa ta guje wa cututtuka da cututtuka.
Diuple violet (Pinguicula ionantha)
Zyryanka violet wani nau'i ne na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na iyalin Bubyllate.
Bayani: Wannan tsirarrun kwayoyin kwalliya ta ganye yana haifar da lakabi na ganyayyaki mai launi tare da gefuna. Ganye, kowannensu har zuwa 8 inimita na tsawon, an rufe shi da gashin gashi. Furen mai kyan gani ne. Kullun yana da kyan gani a baya. Tsarin furen yana rufe da launin rawaya ko gashi. A lokatai lobes suna da farin gashi.
Lokacin Bloomni: Fabrairu-Afrilu.
Habitat: ciyawa ne tartsatsi a Amurka. Yana girma a cikin swamps, zurfi swamps, rigar depressions da puddles. A ƙasashe da dama, an kiyasta ƙwayar maƙalar ƙwayar ƙwayar zuma a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Wani mummunar barazana ga shuka shine gandun daji. Bugu da ƙari, rani mai tsawo ya iya rage yawan tsire-tsire.
Shin kuna sani? Ko da nBayan ruwa mai yawa, kasancewa ƙarƙashin ruwa na kwanaki da dama, ƙwayar mikiya mai tsami ta iya tsira.
Crystalfishfish (Pinguicula crystallina)
FCrystal White - tsire ta ƙarshe a jerinmu daga jinsin Zhiryanka.
Ayyukan: wani tsire-tsire mai girma yana da haske daga rassa shida zuwa tara (daga 1.5 cm zuwa 3 cm cikin tsawon kuma 1 cm a fadin). Halin ganye ya bambanta daga elongated zuwa ovate-oblong. A flower yana da whitish blue ko ruwan hoda hue. Rim na iya zama har zuwa 2 cm a diamita.
Rarraba da mazaunin: An dauke Cyprus a matsayin wurin haifar da shuka, amma tarihin tarihi ya nuna cewa a karo na farko, an gano alade mai launin fari a ƙasar Turkiya ta zamani. Ana samo shuka a kudancin Italiya, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Albania, da Girka. Crystal Zhirin na son filayen dutse, ganuwar duwatsu, kazalika da kumbura ko rigar duwatsu. Karfafa wannan jinsin ba sauki. An shuka shuka a cikin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara.
Shin kuna sani? Har zuwa 1991, Pinguicula crystallina da Pinguicula hirtiflora an dauke su nau'i biyu. Duk da haka, ana gudanar da karatun da yawa. Masana sun nuna cewa wadannan tsire-tsire biyu suna da alaka da su sosai kuma baza a dauka su zama nau'i daban-daban guda biyu ba. Yanzu Pinguicula hirtiflora ba jinsin jinsin ba ne, yana da alamun zhiryanka crystal.
Mutane da yawa a kasarmu sun saba da mai. Amma a yanzu, idan ka taba saduwa da ciyawa da ciyawa da kyau tare da kyakkyawa, zaka iya fahimta, kuma zaka iya son girma a kan windowsill.
