Kowa ya san itacen apple itace mafi yawan amfanin gonar ƙasar Rasha. Tsarin yanayi da yanayin ƙasa suna da kyau.
Sai kawai lowland da wetlands ba su dace da shi, saboda furanni iya lalace ta hanyar koma baya frosts.
Description iri-iri Antonovka Dessert
Tsara Antonovka Dessert shi ne yanayin hunturu. Ƙayyadaddun 'ya'yan itace farawa don shekara ta uku bayan fitarwa. Yana da quite sanyi-resistant, resistant zuwa scab.
Akwai sauran nau'o'in hunturu da suke da mashahuri tare da lambu. Alal misali, Antey, Aport, Renet Simirenko, Golden Delicious da Granny Smith.
Tree matsakaici matsakaici tare da kambi mai launi, wucewa da shekaru siffar ball. Oblong, ganyayyaki mai launi mai launi tare da gefen da ke ciki da wrinkled surface.
Babban furanni da furanni a cikin idon ruwa ba ado ba kawai itace, amma duk yankin.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne mai laushi, mai launi mai launi-mai launin rawaya mai tsummoki mai duhu. Weight - har zuwa 200 g. Kwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da dandano mai dadi da m, m, m.
Daidaitaccen daidaito ne na matsakaici. Tasting kimantawa - 4.2 maki.
Apples na wannan iri-iri suna dauke da sukari, ciki har da glucose; kwayoyin acid (citric, tartaric, malic, da sauransu); pectins; muhimmanci mai; bitamin A, C, B1; tannins, micro- da macroelements (jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, magnesium, potassium, alli, iodine, da sauransu).
Bugu da ƙari ga sabon amfani, an bushe su, a dafa, a sarrafa su cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, compote, ruwan inabi, cider, kwamin gwiwa.
A gaban pectin ba ka damar amfani da 'ya'yan itace don yin jelly, jam, mousse, jam, ciko ga pies.
A cikin nau'i na 'ya'yan itace, sun su ne tushen ma'adinai na ma'adinai (har zuwa kashi 0.5%), saurin sukari mai sauƙi (har zuwa 10%), kuma tsaba na ɗayan apple zasu samar da jiki yau da kullum abincin maidine.
Ƙanshi da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa na kayan kayan Antonovka ana nunawa sosai lokacin ajiya - yana da wahala a kama shi a cikin sabon 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Wadannan iri suna nuna kyakkyawan dandano da amfani: Orlinka, Orlovsky Pioneer, Aromatny, Moscow Winter and Young Naturalist.
Tarihin kiwo
Mai noma S.I.Isaev an kafa sifa Antonovka kayan zaki daga ƙetarewa Saffron Pepina kuma Antonovka talakawa.
Form kamar yadda ya saba Antonovka, da dandano sannu, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da yawa amma Hardiness hunturu ne dan kadan ƙananan.
Launi na 'ya'yan itace ne mai rawaya-rawaya tare da jawo mai ja, ya gaji daga iri-iri Pepin Saffron.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
Baya ga tsakiyar Rasha da Belarus, an rarraba shi a yankin Volga da Ukraine, a arewacin yankin Black Soil.
Don shayar Antonov kayan zaki dace wurare irin su: Orel, Tambov, Bryansk, Smolensk, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Lipetsk, Penza, Kursk, Voronezh.
A cikin Urals, Altai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Siberia, ana iya girma ne kawai a kan ƙwayoyi masu sanyi tare da siffar ƙananan ko ƙuƙwalwa.
Yawo
Yawan aiki daga itace daga 40 zuwa 120 kg. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun fara harbe a watan Satumba, fasalin mai amfani ya zo cikin wata daya. Tare da kiyayewa ta musamman da tarin da ajiya na amfanin gona zai kasance cikin cikakkiyar yanayin har zuwa karshen Maris.
Aikin hunturu, Oryol Polesie, Dessert na Petrova, Uspensky da Stroyevsky sun nuna kyakkyawan ƙwayar amfanin gona da kwanciyar hankali.
Dasa da kulawa
Lokacin da aka dasa kowane itace mai 'ya'ya, dole ne a la'akari da waɗannan abubuwa kamar lokacin da wuri. Wannan lamari ne na tabbatar da cewa itacen bishiya zai ba da 'ya'ya da kyau kuma zai ji dadin ku da' ya'yan itatuwa.
A karkashin bishiyoyin apple, an zaba makirci domin nisa tsakanin su Mita 5-6 kuma daga iyaka - ba kasa da mita 3 ba. Lokacin da ake samar da ƙananan raƙuman, waɗannan sigogi sun karu.
Wajibi ne a binne ruwa babu kusa da mita 3 zuwa ga ƙasa. Kasashen da suka dace da al'adunsu su ne loam da sandy loam.
Clay kasa suna diluted tare da babban kogi yashi, yashi - lãka. Kuma ga waɗanda, da kuma wasu ƙara peat, takin, humus.
Lokacin sayen sapling, kana buƙatar alama a gefen da ke fuskantar zuwa kudu lokacin da ya girma a wuri ɗaya, kuma dasa shi a cikin wuri na dindindin.
An dasa itacen apple a cikin bazara (a cikin karshen shekarun Afrilu) da kuma kaka (a ƙarshen Satumba - Oktoba na farko).
Ana dasa ramin rami a kan igiya mai daɗaɗɗa da kuma fitar da kwallun a wurin su. Sa'an nan kuma fitar da ƙasa zuwa zurfin 50 cm da 100 cm a diamita.
A lokaci guda kuma, babban launi mai mahimmanci yana raguwa a gefe daya, kuma yumbu ko yashi yashi yana zuwa ga wasu (ba a amfani dasu ba).
Lokacin da rami ya shirya, an kaddamar da shingen shinge na shinge a tsakiyar. 130 cm da 5-6 cm lokacin farin ciki tare da alamar matakin. Wannan zaɓin zai kasance tushen wuyansa na sapling.
Ramin yana da rabin cika wani cakuda kuma tattake ƙasa.
An tara tudun raguwa a kusa da shinge na gwaninta kuma an shimfiɗa asalinsu a irin wannan hanyar da aka kafa tarkon. a gefen arewa kashe bar kuma bai ƙone a rana ba. Daidaita ƙirar wuyansa da alamar, asalinsu ma sun fada barci.
Tushen wuyan - wurin canja wuri daga wani akwati zuwa asali, yana da launi marar launi. Idan inji ba rosary ba ne, to, masu shiga zasu iya rikita shi da wuri. vaccinationswanda aka furta kuma yana kama da caper.
Amma ana koyaushe. 10-12 cm sama da abin wuya. Idan alurar tana da kayan aiki, dole ne a cire shi kafin shiga.
Lokacin da rami ya cika kusan gaba daya (5 cm zuwa surface), ana shuka dan kadan a sama har ya sa wuyansa a sama ya kasance sama da alamar.
Bayan shrinkage na kasar gona, zai tsaya a wuri mai kyau.
Yanzu rami ya fada barci gaba daya kuma ya shayar da shi sosai. (3-4 buckets na ruwa) a cikin 2-3 receptions, ciyawa tare da peat ko humus da kuma daura tare da ƙwallon ƙafa na halitta zuwa ga shinge picket.
Na farko da rabi shayar sau daya 10 l a mako.
Don kauce wa lalata ƙwayar mice nannade a haushi ko Gwanon nailan.
Daga kunar rana a jiki da kwari shtamb bleached farar fata da jan karfe sulphate a cikin matakai biyu.
Shtambom suna kira ɓangaren itacen daga rassan skeletal ƙananan zuwa ƙwanƙarar tushen.
Babban kula da seedlings a farkon shekara bayan dasa shuki kamar haka:
- M pruning;
- Amfani;
- Loosing (perekopka) dabaran da'ira;
- Kariya akan kwari da cututtuka;
- Watering;
- Gizon daji.
Don shuka na shekara ta farko bayan dasa shuki, ba'a buƙatar pruning, kawai lalacewa an cire su kuma sun zama kwarangwal na itace mai zuwa.
Wadannan ayyukan suna samarwa kafin kodan tashi.
Formation shine ƙaddamar da rassan skeletal na mai gudanarwa na tsakiya da kuma cire ƙwayar da ke girma a cikin kambi.
Idan aka ba da rami mai saukowa, ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin shekaru biyu na farko. sai dai nitrogen - Yana kunna ci gaba da harbe.
Nisrogen da takin mai magani taimakawa har tsakiyar watan Yuliin ba haka ba, harbe ba su da lokaci zuwa ripen zuwa sanyi kuma su mutu.
Pristvolny da'irar ne loosely loosened bayan ban ruwa da kuma kara da cewa ciyawa kamar yadda ake bukata.
Cire lokaci-lokaci cire weeds kuma ka tsaftace kasar gona dangane da yanayin yanayin zafi, wargaza kwari da aiwatarwa hana rigakafi da cututtuka.
Antonovka kayan zaki yana bukatan in mun gwada kananan pruning - yana kawar da wani ɓangare na abubuwan da suka wuce abin da ba su da wani amfani; sauke da baya harbe ko kuma sunyi da toho, don haka su zama rassan da suke cike.
Bayan kai dama Girman (2.5-4 m)don su daina ci gaba da itacen, sai suka yanke mai gudanarwa daga sama, canja wurin ayyukansa zuwa reshe na gefen (2-3 daga sama).
Trimming da kuma shirya ne da aka gudanar kawai sosai m da kuma cututtuka kayan aiki.
An rufe dukkan raunuka a kan itacen farar lambu ko man fetur a kan man fetur.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani a cikin bazara Q1 m. dararan da'ira (rawanin kambi).
An binne su a ko'ina cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 5 cm, kusa da gefen ɓangaren kututturen, tun lokacin da matasan ƙwayar matasan suna can.
Ana gudanar da watering sau ɗaya a wata idan babu ruwan sama a cikin tsagi, ya yi ta zagaye kewaye da tsinkayar kambi.
Don tsire-tsire na shekaru 2 da 3 na rayuwa zai zama isa 3-4 buckets, da kuma girma bishiyoyi apple tare da kambi na diamita fiye da 3 m, suna yin tsagi tare da dam a kan baki baki da zuba buckets na ruwa guda 40. Wannan ya isa ya wanke ƙasa a kan 40-50 cm
Mulching - gagarumin karɓar bakuncin agronomic, musamman ga matasa shuke-shuke. A nan gaba, zaka iya shuka sideratami ko kiyaye ƙasa a cikin da'irar ƙarƙashin tururi.
Wani kwanciyar sanyi na ciyawa mai tsumburai ko hay-bambaro yana hana yaduwar iska mai zurfi kuma yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don aikin da ake yi da turɓaya a ƙasa.
Dubi bidiyo akan yadda za a kwantar da itacen apple kuma ya zama kambi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Wata matashiya zai iya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa. caterpillars da weevilscinye m ganye. Suna buƙatar a tattara su tare da hannu kuma sun ƙare ba tare da jin tsoro ba.
Idan saukowa tsakanin layuka al'adun gargajiyaMisali, Dill, zai bayyana 'yan kwandowarkewa da yawa tsotse da kuma gyewing kwari.
Lokacin da ya bayyana aphids (cikin ganyen saman curl) harbe immersed a ruwa tare da sabulu (a kan guga - 70 g).
Tsarin kariya akan 'ya'yan itace, moths, bishiyoyi na apple, haws da silkworms ba za su lalace ko dai.
Ana samun sakamako masu kyau ta hanyar yaduwa tare da kwari da shirye-shiryen haɗuwa na tsarin jiki:
- Insegar - game da leafworms da moths;
- Zeon - lafiya ga ƙudan zuma;
- Aktarom - da dama irin kwari;
- Karbofos (ana iya amfani dashi kafin flowering, bayan flowering, wata daya kafin girbi);
- Trichlorolum - 5 da dama irin kwari;
- Benzophosphate (aiki na tsawon watanni) yana da lafiya ga ƙudan zuma.
Mafarki mai yalwa dukkanin tsirrai na shuka sun shafi. Da farko ya bayyana a matsayin launin toka, daga baya juya launin ruwan kasa da kuma bayyanar dots-spres baki.
Ganye ya juya launin rawaya, launi ya bushe, 'ya'yan itatuwa ba a ɗaure ba, girma daga cikin harbe yana tsayawa.
Don magance wannan cututtuka apple sprayed a kan wani ganye ganye "Topaz" ko "Ba da da ewa ba".
Bayan flowering da girbi, ana gudanar da aikin. jan karfe oxychloride ko ruwan kwandon ruwa. Fallen ganye suna ƙone.
Kwayoyin cuta ba bayyana a lokacin Yuni-Yuli. Tsarin shekara yana shrinks, ganye suna baƙar fata.
Tree ya mutu a cikin shekaru biyu. Wannan masu kamuwa da kwayar cutar mai hatsari daukar kwayar cutar tare da makwabcin cuttings da seedlings, dabbar da aka haifa.
Daga tsarin kulawa kawai rigakafi an san:
- Disinfection na kayan aikin lambu,
- Copper sulfate da'irar aiki
- Tsire-tsire masu lalata wuta
- Kwayar cuta,
- Kayan kayan dasa lafiya.
Cytosporosis rinjayar da kuka na itacen apple, ya sa ta bushe kuma ya mutu.
Don magance shi, yi amfani da samfura uku. "Gida" (kumburi na buds, kafin flowering da kuma bayan flowering).
A watan Agusta, ciyar da sama phosphorus da potassium don mafi alhẽri tsufa haushi. A shtamb da kwarangwal rassan suna fari a kaka da kuma bazara.
Da yawa da ingancin 'ya'yan itace ya dogara da kulawa mai kyau. Don girma itacen apple kuma samun amfanin gona mai karfi har ma masu farawa. Babbar abu ita ce ta ba ta cikakke lokaci da ƙauna.
