Rasberi girma

Mun girma rasberi iri "Kirzhach"

Raspberries irin Kirzhach ya dade an girma a kan dachakirci na mutane da yawa. Ba ya bambanta a wasu halaye na allahntaka, amma don yawan amfaninta na al'ada, kula da hankali ba ma buƙata ba. Sabili da haka, wannan nau'in naman iri ne daya daga cikin mafi yawan mashahuri a kasarmu. A cikin labarin za mu fada yadda za mu shuka da shuka wani shrub tare da dadi raspberries.

Bayani da halaye masu rarrabe

Bisa ga bayanin bambance, Rasberi Kirzhach na cikin iyalin Rosy na iyalin Rubus, kuma dan kasuwa na Rasha, V. Kitchin ya samo irin wannan shrub iri-iri, ya gudanar don samun kyakkyawar sake dubawa. A cikin Registry State of the Russian Federation, an yi amfani da injin a shekarar 1994.

A shrub ba ya bambanta a musamman manyan 'ya'yan itace masu girma dabam. A cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce, an samu nau'o'in kayan lambu da yawa, wanda yana da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa. Amma Kirzhach ya dade yana da yawa a kasuwanninmu kuma har yanzu yana da mashahuri saboda rashin kula da yanayin yanayi da ciyarwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin dasa shuki Kirzhach rasberi cultivars, kasar gona ya kamata a bi da tare da jan karfe sulfate bayani. Yana da kyau maganin antiseptic, don haka jam dinku ba zai shafar wasu microorganisms.
An samo irin wadannan raspberries ga yankunan Volga-Vyatka, Arewacin Turai da Tsakiya na Rasha. Kwayoyin Kirzhach suna da halaye masu dacewa da girma da kuma 'ya'yan itace a wadannan yankuna na Rasha. Duk da haka, injin yana da kyau don bunkasa girma a ƙasar Ukraine, Belarus, da Caucasus.

Rashin haɗuri ga mai tsananin sanyi ya hana banza iri iri a yankin Siberia na Rasha. Saboda manufar duniya, Kirzhach yana da matukar farin ciki a aikin lambu, amma a manyan tsire-tsire, ana amfani da raspberries ba tare da amfani ba.

Kirzhach ne mai yawa na rasberi matsakaici ripening. Berries girma a kan bara ta harbe. Girma yana dauka a watan Yuli (wani lokaci daga baya, dangane da yankin na namo). Akwai kyakkyawar yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da matsakaicin girman berries - 70-100 c / ha.

Rasberi daji yana da iko sosai, tsakiyar zangon tare da karamin adadin haske purple thorns. Annual harbe tsaye, kore tare da waxy shafi. Shekara biyu da aka harbe harbe, amma kada ka daina yin 'ya'ya.

'Ya'yan suna da nau'i mai nau'i mai kyau, an rufe shi da ƙananan ƙasa, launin launi mai haske ne, kuma lokacin da ya tsufa yana da kyan gani. Kwamitin gwaji a kan ma'auni biyar ya nuna Kirzhach akan maki 4.3. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari dandano mai dadi da kuma ɗanɗano tare da ƙananan miki. Ƙanshin ƙanshi yana da matsakaici, ƙanshi yana kama da kayan lambu mai dadi da m.

Wannan rasberi jam yana da kyau transportability, sanyi juriya ne moderately matsakaita. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa anthracnose da gizo-gizo mites. Yana da mummunan juriya game da cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, cututtuka na tsarin tushen da lalacewar ta hanyar gishiri.

Ya kamata ku tsara iyali tare da namo wasu nau'ukan iri iri: "Polka", "Cumberland", "Caramel", "Yellow Giant", "Heracles", "Atlant", "Gusar" da kuma Tarusa raspberry.

Kayan kayan dasa shuki

Dasa raspberries ta hanyar fasahar fasaha yana tabbatar da kyakkyawar tsire-tsire a cikin shekaru. Saboda haka, yanzu za mu bincika daki-daki na intricacies na saukowa Kirzhach.

Wuri don yayi girma

Bukatar shuka shrubs a wurare da kyau ya haskaka ta hasken rana. Rasberi yana son mai yawa rana kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya dogara da shi. Idan kun shuka shuka a cikin inuwa ko wuraren shady, to, mai tushe zai fara ƙarfafawa, ya hana samun rana zuwa 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kuma wannan zai haifar da mummunar tasiri da yawancin amfanin gona.

Ya kamata a kiyaye kyawawan kifi daga iska mai karfi da zane. Ganin cewa Kirzhach ya kai tsawo 2-2.5 m, ba a bada shawara don dasa shi a kusa da gadaje, saboda zai haifar da inuwa. Saukowa a kusa da tafkunan ko ruwa na ruwa ma bai samu nasara ba. A wa annan wurare, raspberries zasu zama mafi lalacewa ta hanyar cututtuka.

Shin kuna sani? Rasha shine jagoran duniya na girma da sayar da raspberries.
By irin ƙasa rasberi musamman unpretentious, zai yi girma sosai a kan loamy kasa da kuma a ƙasa baki. Wajibi ne a la'akari da acidity na kasar gona, ya kamata ya bambanta tsakanin 5.7-6.5 pH. Zai yi kyau idan a wurin da za ku shuka raspberries, hatsi ko legumes na ci gaba da girma.

Mafi kyau lokaci

Sharuɗɗan shuka shuke-shuke, da farko, ya dogara ne da yankin damun da za ku dasa su. A yankunan kudancin lokaci mafi kyau zuwa ƙasa zai zama Satumba - Oktoba farkon. Tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire yana bada damar shuka a cikin ƙasa zuwa farkon sanyi, kuma daga bazara don fara girma.

A kudancin, bazara yana da zafi kuma ba sosai rigar ba, don haka bishiyoyi suna iya farawa a lokacin girma har ma kafin tushensu suyi tushe cikin ƙasa, kuma wannan yakan haifar da mutuwar shuka.

A cikin yankunan arewacin kasarmu ya fi kyau shuka raspberries a spring. Spring a nan yana alama da zafi mai kyau da tsawo, wanda ya dace da rinjaye na shuka. Amma a fall a arewacin yankuna na saukowa ne mafi alhẽri ba. Hakanan saurin saurin suna zuwa kafin lokaci, kuma ko da dusar ƙanƙara ta fadi a lokacin da ba daidai ba, shrub ba shi da tushe.

Kamar yadda kwarewa ya nuna, a tsakiyar yankin ƙasarmu Kirzhach ya fi kyau dasa a cikin fall, wato a farkon Oktoba. Kafin sanyi ta farko, shuka yana da lokacin da zai zauna, kuma a cikin idon ruwa yakan shiga lokacin girma.

Alamar wuri

Raspberries dasa a cikin tattalin da kyau. Fossa ya kamata ya kasance da zurfi cewa kodan rhizome ya zurfafa ta akalla 3 cm.Da wajibi ne a yayyafa tushen daji tare da cakuda yashi da humus. Kafin dasa shuki, asalin shrub yana buƙata a bi da shi tare da itace ash, irin waɗannan ayyuka zasu kare tsire-tsire daga lalacewar tsarin tushen kwayoyin microorganisms.

Kirzhach sau da yawa yana rinjayar ciwon daji, sabili da haka, wajibi ne a dasa shuki tsire-tsire kamar yadda ya kamata daga juna. A mafi kyau duka nisa tsakanin rasberi bushes zai zama 25-35 cm a jere, kuma 45-55 cm tsakanin layuka. Idan ka mallaki babban dacha, to, kowane nesa za a iya ƙara ta hanyar 10-15 cm.

Bugu da ƙari, idan an shuka shrubs sosai, sa'an nan kuma a girbi zai kasance da wuya a kusa da su. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki da ƙasa shine kyawawa don ciyawa. Madaidaiciya, humus ko sawdust yana da kyau dace da ciyawa.

Kwanan nan, irin remontant raspberries sun zama ƙara rare.

Abin da iri-iri ke so: kula da siffofi

Irin wannan kayan noma ba ma ban sha'awa ba ne don shayarwa, shayarwa, ciyarwa, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, tare da wasu fasaha na kulawa, yawan amfanin kirzhach zai iya karuwa sosai.

Watering

Watering raspberries da ake bukata domin tushen tsarin iya al'ada girma zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Tsarin tushen shine musamman a cikin ci gaba tsakanin karni na ƙarshe na watan Mayu da farkon shekaru goma na Yuni.

Idan an bar shrub ɗin ba tare da ruwan sanyi ba, to sai ya fara fitar da mai yawa harbe da kuma ƙarin ganye, wanda hakan yana rinjayar ingancin amfanin gona. Ƙananan ganye da kuma harbe ya ba da damar ƙwayoyin su sha ruwan da suke bukata daga iska. Don hana wannan daga faruwa a lokacin lokacin da muka nuna a sama, yana da muhimmanci ga albarkatun bishiyoyi na ruwa tare da kulawa na musamman.

A lokacin da watering kana bukatar ka la'akari da gaskiyar cewa duniya ya kamata a soaked tare da ruwa 30-35 cm zurfi. Ƙidaya yawan adadin ruwa don ban ruwa kamar haka: ana buƙatar lita guda goma na lita na ruwa a kan mita daya mai gudu daga jere na raspberries.

Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan watering, tabbas za ku sassauta ƙasa, in ba haka ba wani ɓawon burodi zai kasance.
Idan lokacin rani ya bushe kuma ya bushe, to, a lokacin watanni uku na rani dole ne a shayar da raspberries sau 6-8. A karo na farko watering ya kamata a yi a tsakiyar watan Mayu, kuma na karshe - a ƙarshen Agusta. Dole lokaci tsakanin watering ya zama daidai da wannan.

Top dressing

Idan an ciyar da ingancin da abinci mai ma'adinai da ma'adinai, zai iya samar da amfanin gona masu kyau da kuma inganci. Yana da muhimmiyar rawa Daidai madauri. Lokacin a cikin bazara za ku sassauta ƙasa a kusa da bishiyoyi, kuna buƙatar yin mullein tare da lissafin kilo 8 na mita mita na ƙasa.

Kowane spring (musamman ma a farkon spring ga rasberi), urea ya kamata a kara da cewa a cikin kudi of 20 g da 10 l na ruwa. Yana inganta ci gaban raspberries kuma ya inganta aikin da ya dace. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a aiwatar da bishiyoyi na Kirzhach a lokacin zamani. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da acid acid, wadda aka narkar da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 20 g na acid zuwa lita 10 na ruwa.

A lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka fara farawa, ana iya bi da shrubs tare da nitrophoska. An kuma shafe shi cikin ruwa da shayar a karkashin wani daji. A lita 10 na ruwa, ƙara 20-30 g na nitrophoska. A lokacin da shirya rasberi bushes for hunturu, kasar gona yawanci dug sama. A wannan lokaci, superphosphate (25g / 10l na ruwa) da potassium chloride (10-15g / 10l na ruwa) dole ne a shafi ƙasa.

Pruning

Yanke raspberries mafi kyau a cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan snow melts. Kana buƙatar share duk abin da kamuwa da cutar, fashe, rauni da wuce haddi. An yi amfani da raspberries da hanyoyi daban-daban, dangane da yadda ake dasa bishiyoyi (daji ko na kowa).

Shin kuna sani? Na farko da aka ambata rubutun da aka kai a cikin karni na 3 BC. Kuma Dattijon Romawa ya ambata shi a rubuce-rubuce.
Dukkan bushe da tsofaffin harbe suna buƙatar yanke su a ƙasa sosai. Kada ku bar stumps, in ba haka ba za su iya kamuwa da kwayoyin cututtuka da zasu iya haifar da ingancin harbe. Wajibi ne ya kamata a cire sassan da ke fama da cutar kafin ingancin farko. Wani lokaci, tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don ragewa da zama harbe, in ba haka ba berries zasu iya zama kananan.

Idan an dasa gishiri ta hanyar hanyar daji, sa'annan ka yi kokarin barin bazara fiye da 10 da daji. In ba haka ba, cututtuka daban-daban za su iya shuka wannan shuka. Raspberries, wanda yayi girma tare da hanyoyi na al'ada, ya kamata a yanke don haka nisa tsakanin bishiyoyi shine kimanin 10 cm Wannan yana da mahimmanci don kara yawan shrubs.

Riƙe sama

Yawancin lambu sun gaskata cewa tying raspberries ne kawai wajibi ne don haka ba ya girma a cikin wani hanya. Amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Garter Kirzhach ya ba da sakamako mai yawa. Alal misali, idan an yi amfani da kayan inganci sosai, haɗarin cututtukan cututtuka na kwayan nan sun rage.

Tare da iskoki mai ƙarfi, ƙanƙara ko ruwan sama mai yawa, kayan noma za su karya ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙin kuma mafi dace don karban 'ya'yan itãcen marmari daga tsirma mai tsayi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, haɗarin kwayar cutar ciwon kwayar cuta yana shafar tushen tsarin.
Don amfanin gona, dole ne a shigar da ginshiƙai kimanin mita biyu tare da jere. Zaka iya sanya ginshiƙai da sama, saboda iri-iri Kirzhach ya kai mita 2.5 m Dole ne a sanya ginshiƙai a nesa na 3-4 m.

Gaba a kan ginshiƙan kana buƙatar shimfiɗa waya (diamita 3-4 mm). Za'a iya ƙarfafa waya a hanyoyi daban-daban, amma hanya mafi kyau shine wannan: muna ƙaddamar da waya ɗaya a tsawon 60-70 cm daga ƙasa, ɗayan - 1.3-1.4 m daga ƙasa. Lokacin da garter wajibi ne don shirya harbe domin 70 harbe dace 7 harbe.

Yadda za a shirya shuka don hunturu

A ƙarshen hunturu, kafin a fara fararen sanyi, dole ne a kula da ƙasa a cikin raspberries tare da ciyawa. Za a iya amfani da launi, kayan shafa, peat ko humus a matsayin ciyawa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da tsaka-tsami a matsayi na 10-15. A cikin yankunan arewacin kasarmu, inda gishiri na Kirzhach na buƙatar kariya ta musamman daga sanyi, a Layer na ciyawa ya zama 15-25 cm.

Baya ga ja raspberries, lambu kuma sau da yawa girma baki da rawaya raspberries a cikin gonar mãkirci.

Wani muhimmin muhimmanci na shirya raspberries don hunturu shi ne sun durƙusa ƙasa. Dole ne a ɗaura takalma da igiya kuma a ɗaure shi zuwa ƙananan waya na injin don yin jingina. Bayan sunkuya ƙasa, raspberries bazai tashi sama da 40-50 cm ba tsawo. Anyi wannan ne domin harbe na shuka ba su daskare ba. Bayan da aka ɗaure, zasu rufe murfin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda shine yanayin kare sanyi.

Idan dusar ƙanƙarar baƙi a cikin yankinku, to, dole ne a kare shrubs a hanya ta wucin gadi. Don wannan zaka iya amfani da shi nonwoven rufe kayandon ɗaure ga kayan ado. Wasu lambu suna amfani da kayan gine-gine na ruwa don su zama mafaka.

Gwani da kuma fursunoni iri

Main Kirzhach ta tabbataccen halaye:

  • High quality berries. Differs a cikin kyau dandano halaye. Bugu da ƙari, saboda girmansa, yana da kyakkyawar hanyar watsawa, wanda zai sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da wannan iri iri don dalilai na kasuwanci.
  • Kanshin yana da tasirin raspberries daji. A gandun daji rasberi yana sosai godiya a tsakanin magoya na wannan al'adar Berry.
  • Rasberi iri-iri marasa amfani ga yanayin ƙasa.
  • Ba ya buƙatar kulawa na musamman. Samun wajibi ne a lokuta idan kana son cimma matsakaicin ingancin yawan aiki.
Ayyuka marasa kyau na rasberi iri-iri sun haɗa da:

  • A kananan size na berries idan aka kwatanta da sababbin bred iri.
  • Hardiness hunturu hardiness. Zai fi kyau girma a yankunan kudancin. A arewa, kuna buƙatar mafaka na musamman don hunturu.
Tsayawa akan ƙaddara za a iya yi kawai: Kyau Kirzhach daidai zai dace da gidan-girma. Ƙananan ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace za a biya ta da kyakkyawan dandano na berries. Bugu da kari, Kirzhach Rasberi yana da kyakkyawan nazari na masu kula da gida.

Tsarin shayarwa

Ƙunƙarar rassan kore ko tushen cuttings. Idan ka yanke shawara don fadada shrub tare da koreran kore, sa'annan lokacin mafi kyau shine wannan lokacin rani. Yanke korera da ake bukata a tushen. Bayan haka, dasa kayan abu ya ragu zuwa 7-10 cm, saukar da shi a cikin bayani don tada tushen don 12-15 hours. Tushen ci gaba mai karfi zai iya zama irin wannan: "Kornevin", "Heteroauxin", indolylbutyric acid, da dai sauransu.

Daga baya, ana bukatar dasa bishiyoyi a cikin greenhouse ko ƙarƙashin fim, don kiyaye yawan zazzabi (22-25 ° C) da zafi. Zai zama mai kyau idan ka shigar da shigarwa na fogging. Idan ba ku da irin wannan dama, to, dole ne a shayar da matasa a cikin lokaci. Full rooting na cuttings zai faru a 30-35 days. Bayan haka, ana iya dasa tsire-tsire tare da gine-gine a wuri mai dindindin.

Shin kuna sani? Akwai rasberi mai laushi. A karo na farko an ƙetare shi a Geneva a 1893.
Mafi kyau lokaci domin kiwon waddan tushen cuttings - spring. Sashin ɓangaren tushen tsarin tare da reshe na gefen ana kiransa tushen sa. Bayan rabuwa, ana nan da nan ya dace da dasa. Amma ya fi kyau shuka shi a lokacin dumi, lokacin da aka riga an kafa iska mai zafi (kimanin 22-25 ° C). A cikin makonni biyu na farko, tushen cututtuka yana buƙatar watering na yau da kullum. Bayan kwanaki ashirin da 20-25, cuttings ya kamata su zauna gaba ɗaya a cikin ƙasa.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da iri-iri "Kirzhach" ba tare da wani kulawa na musamman ba zai iya murna tare da dadi berries. Amma idan kuna son girbi mai girma, to, wasu ƙoƙari za a yi, kuma zai gode muku.