Shekarar shekara masana'antu greenhouse ba ka damar girma kayan lambu da amfanin gona na Berry a shekara guda.
An gina su ta hanyar aikin noma, gonaki, masu mallakar manyan farmsteads.
Masana'antu na masana'antu: fasali
Masana'antu na masana'antu sun bambanta da sababbin girma, suna amfani da tsarin dumama, wanda ke ba da damar samun da yawa girbi a kowace shekara. Gine-gine na gine-gine yana da muhimmiyar wuri kuma, a matsayin mulkin, yana da babban tsawo.
Irin waɗannan sifofi na iya zama nau'i-nau'i da yawa. Don yanayin Far arewa Gine-ginen gine-ginen ana gina su tare da ganuwar kayan aikin gina jiki wanda ke amfani da hasken lantarki kawai.
Manya, mafi yawan kayan aiki da tsarin lantarki da fasahar lantarki, an gina gine-gine a cikin Holland.
Yanayin da ya dace da irin wannan tsari yana da yawa mita mita dubu.
Wannan gaskiya ne rufe plantations.
Kayan lambu, berries da furanni suna girma a nan ba kawai a cikin ƙasa ba, amma ta hanyoyi hydroponics.
Sa'an nan kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin wani abu mai laushi mai laushi kamar gilashin gilashin.
Ana bayar da wannan kayan tare da ma'adanai da ruwa, an zaɓa su daban-daban don kowane al'adu. Wannan fasaha tana ba da damar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Don dutch greenhouse gidaje Ana samar da kayayyakin musamman don dumama, ban ruwa, ban ruwa, haɗuwa.
A cikin waɗannan gine-ginen suna yin amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa da kuma mai zurfi, tsarin tsarin zafi yana samar da kayan samarwa da kuma samar da su carbon dioxidewanda ake buƙata don tafiyar matakai na shuke-shuke a rana. Yaren mutanen Holland ne aka ba wa abokan ciniki a duk duniya.
Kamfanonin Rasha mashahurin fasahar samar da kayan fasahar masana'antu ta masana'antu.
Harshen Rasha suna sayar da manoma da kuma abokan ciniki da yawa mai rahusa an shigo da su, ƙari, ƙananan kamfanonin da ke da hannu wajen samar da albarkatun gona, sun sa su dace da yanayin yanayi na yankuna.
Babban girma masana'antu greenhouses ba ka damar shuka tsire-tsire a kan raguna, rataye pallets, ta amfani da dama. Yawan "benaye" ya dogara da tsawo na tsire-tsire. A cikin gine-ginen gine-gine lantarki artificial, wanda ya ba da damar tsire-tsire don samun ƙarin haske a farkon spring da marigayi kaka, da kuma a cikin hunturu.
Industrial greenhouses - photo:
Serially samar da samfurori
Babban kamfanoni a duk yankuna Daga Rasha ci gaba da ingantaccen ayyukan da ake amfani da ita ga masana'antu na zamani da masana'antu. Sun ƙirƙiri jerin ayyukan kuma suna ba mai siyar babban zaɓi na samfurori.
Menene masana'antun masana'antu? Akwai da yawa iri masu sana'a greenhouses ga manomi:
- rami;
- multitone da gallery;
- toshe sau da yawa;
- cibiyoyin lambu.
Manoma da manoma suna jin dadin zama a cikin manoma da wadanda ke da makirci. tunnel greenhouses. Sakamakon ya samo asali ne daga masana'antun da ke kan ka'idojin gine-gine da kuma ka'idoji a Rasha.
Ana samar da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a karkashin fim din kuma karkashin polycarbonate, zane yana amfani da nau'i daban-daban. Za a iya sashe ɓangaren greenhouses, "Gothic", "tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaici" kuma tare da "madaidaicin ganuwar ƙarfafa." Girman ginin gine-gine ya fito daga Mita 3.5-12.
Jirgin "Farmer"
Industrial greenhouses "Farmer" tsara tare da girmamawa SNiP 2.10.04-85, sun yi nufi ga masana'antu namo kayan lambu, berries da seedlings. Kayan tsarin gonar greenhouse an tattara shi daga bayanin martaba a kan kusoshi.
An jawo hanyoyi masu tasowa tare dasu. Sashe na gine-ginen gine-ginen shine kwayoyin halitta (arched) ko nuna ("Gothic").
Sizes na masana'antu greenhouses "Farmer":
Matsayin da ke cikin samfurori daban-daban na jerin shine Mita 3-4. Wannan yana ba ka damar shuka tsire-tsire masu tsayi da ƙananan tsire-tsire, da ajiye seedlings a kan raga.
An kafa gine-gine na wannan jerin a kan kowane tushe ko kuma a ƙasa, inda aka gina dutse. Nisa daga cikin tsarin shine daga 3.5 zuwa 7.7 mita. Kayan ginin yana kunshe da ƙõfõfi biyu, waɗanda aka saka a ƙarshen ginin gine-ginen. A buƙatar mai saye, iska za a iya shigar da shi ta žarin.
Greenhouses an rufe m cellular polycarbonate. Abokin ciniki zai iya zaɓar kauri na polycarbonate - 6 mm (shawarar), 8 mm ko 10 mm. An saka nau'in polycarbonate tare da takaddama na musamman, kuma an rufe kayan abu a gefen bango na karshe da ginshiƙan kusurwa. A cikin greenhouse "Farmer" kayan lambu zasu iya girma a shekara.
Yadda za'a fara gini?
- Zaɓin wuri.
- Zabi da kuma yin rubutun aikin.
- Abubuwa
- Ciyar da greenhouses.
Zaɓin wuri
Don samun mafi kyawun jarin ku, kuna buƙatar ku zama daidai. daidaita ginin.
Muhimmiyar: Hanya mafi kyau na gine-gine mai tsawo na gine-ginen yankunan dake kudu maso gabas 60° - daga arewa zuwa kudu. A cikin yankunan arewacin kasar, ana bada shawara a shimfida gine-ginen gine-gine daga yamma zuwa gabas.
Ginin masana'antu greenhouses fara tare da zaɓi na shafin. Ya zama kamar yadda ya yiwu har ma (an ba da izinin ragu da kashi 0.04%). Idan iskar guguwa ta faru a cikin yankin, karin garkuwa da fences ya kamata a gina domin rage gudu mai iska. Za su kare ginin daga dusar ƙanƙara masu zafi.
A lokacin narkewar ruwan sama da ruwa mai yawa, shafin bai kamata ya tara ruwa ba, wanda zai yi zafi greenhouse da kuma halakar da tushe. Kafin gina masana'antu greenhouses ya kamata tunani game da samar da shi da ruwa. Ƙasa ya zama mBugu da ƙari, don samun amfanin ƙasa mai kyau, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yin amfani da gaurayewan ƙasa, kayan daji da kuma kayan aikin gona.
Zabi da kuma rubutun
Kafin gina gine-gine, mai noma da mai mallakar gonar gona ya kamata ya yanke shawarar abin da zai yi girma a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu. A sakamakon haka, za a shirya shi noma gine-ginekazalika da lissafin bukatun.
Ƙwarewar ta nuna cewa a gina tsarin da ke da alhakin, wanda zai yi aiki na shekaru, yana da kyau a dogara ga gwani. A cikin kamfanoni na musamman, ana samun abokan ciniki tare da zaɓi na ayyukan da aka shirya da suka dace da su. A nan za ku iya saya kayan lambu mai tsabta wanda ba a haɗa shi ba kuma ya ɗaga shi a kan kafuwar. A matsayinka na doka, kamfanoni suna ba da sabis na shigarwa.
Abubuwan da zane na masana'antu greenhouses:
Abubuwa
Yadda za a gina masana'antu greenhouse? Domin gine-gine ya yi aiki shekaru masu yawa, dole ne a saka shi tushe. Kafuwar tana ba ka damar tabbatar da tsarin, yana hana shigarwa daga ruwa daga waje, yana kare yankin da aka ƙera daga weeds.
Duk wani irin kananan masana'antu greenhouses ya dace. tushe - a kan stilts, block, aya, slab, tubali. Don manyan greenhouses, yawanci suna yin tushe mai tushe, mafi sau da yawa amfani da katako.
Madauki
Ga gona da masana'antu greenhouses amfani Tsarin tsauri arched ko gable tsari. An samo hotunan daga hat profile, daga kofaffiyar profile ko daga kusurwa.
Tsarin Hat yana da sauri da kuma sauƙi a tara, amma wannan zane ba zai iya tsaya ba nauyi nauyi mai nauyi. Idan ka yanke shawara don gina gonar gine-gine daga furofayil ɗin profile, sa'an nan kuma za a iya kwantar da tsarin. Turan yana da zagaye ko sashe. Wannan zane kuma ba zai iya tsayayya da nauyi mai dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Mafi kyau shine firam daga kusurwa (bayanin martaba). An haɗuwa a kan kusoshi, ba tare da walƙiya ba, ana yin amfani da bayanin martaba kuma zai iya aiki har shekaru masu yawa. Wannan zane zai iya tsayayya da nauyin dusar ƙanƙara. har zuwa 100 kg kowace mita mita.
Tsarin ya gyara akan kafuwar. Don ƙarfin, yi amfani da ginshiƙai ko alamar gyarawa. Wannan dutsen zai samar da isasshen Girma kuma ƙarfiyayin da bambanci a cikin tasirin zafi na kayan gini ba zai taimaka wajen sassauta tsarin a cikin zafi da sanyi ba.
Tsarin yana iya zama aluminum. Amma aikin ginin aluminum to deform ƙarƙashin rinjayar iskõki da dusar ƙanƙara.
Winter masana'antu greenhouse - aikin:
Rufe kayan
Ana amfani da kayan rufewa:
- cellular polycarbonate;
- gilashi;
- fim din filastik.
Polycarbonate mai salula
A halin yanzu, mafi shahararrun kayan rufewa shine cellular polycarbonate. Yana da sauƙi don shigarwa, yana da abin dogara a cikin aiki, ba ya fadi daga hadarin bugun jini na hatsari. Ba za a karya wannan kayan ba har ma da tsananin karfi.
Kasashen waje na samarwa cellular polycarbonate daban-daban kauri (daga 3.2 zuwa 25 mm) da kuma tsari. Ga kananan hunturu masu sana'a greenhouses sanya daga polycarbonate, suna amfani da kayan daga 3.2 zuwa 6 mm lokacin farin ciki. Ana amfani da polycarbonate a fili don gine-gine da greenhouses. Haɗin watsa haske yana dogara ne da kauri daga takardar kuma ya bambanta daga 62% har zuwa 83%.
Gilashin
Maɗaukaki na hasken haske na gilashi yana da tsawo (88-92% ga gilashin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban). Gidajen gine-gine za a iya yin haske tare da taga biyu da gilashin gishiri, wanda ya fi karfi. Yaren mutanen Holland masana'antu gilashi greenhouses rufe tare da na musamman look. taso kan ruwa. An jefa wannan gilashin a cikin ƙirar ƙare, wanda ya ƙaru ƙarfinsa.
Filin polyethylene
Film An yi amfani da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire na masana'antu don dogon lokaci, amma wannan abu yana da matsala masu yawa. Fim yana da wuya a gyara ba tare da lalatawa ba. Hasken wuta ya kaddamar da fim din, yana fara farawa da karya, saboda abin da za'a canza. Arched gona greenhouses a karkashin fim, wanda aka located a wuraren da iska mai tsananin ƙarfi, dole ne overlap a kowace shekara.
Fim din fina-finai na gine-gine - photo:
Jiɗawa
Don dumama Masana'antu na masana'antu a cikin hunturu sun samar da man fetur, makamashin lantarki, iskar gas da kuma masu tsabtace man fetur. Su ne zafi da ruwa, wanda ke motsawa ta cikin bututu, wanda aka gudanar tare da gefen ginin, kuma a ƙarƙashin bene, ya cika radiators. Saboda haka, iska da ƙasa suna mai tsanani.
Za a iya yin furanni na masana'antu da dumi mai iska daga kayan wuta. Dakin yana da sauri sosai, amma bayan ya kashe kayan aiki, yawan zazzabi ya rage. A lokaci guda, ƙasa ba ta da zafi.
Don dumama gona greenhouses za ka iya amfani da wutar lantarki PLEN. Ana saka ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarƙashin rufi, lokacin aikinsu, ƙasa, tsire-tsire da abubuwa masu tsabta suna mai tsanani, amma ba iska ba.
Radiation infrared yana aiki kamar hasken rana. Cikin zafi ya wuce cikin iska. Wannan irin wutar lantarki masana'antu greenhouses masoyiamma sosai tasiri, tsire-tsire suna jin dadi a hasken rana kuma suna ba da girbi.
Muhimmiyar: A cikin masana'antu greenhouses da dumama ya zama daidai da zazzabi a duk maki na cikin dakin.
Kammalawa
Industrial greenhouses ba ka damar samun yawan amfanin gona a cikin karamin yanki. Hanyoyin da yawa na kayan samfurori ba su dogara sosai a kan yanayin ba, wanda ke sa fasahar aikin gona don greenhouses ƙara shahara.
