Semen Fedorovich Chernenko ya kafa saitin "Kalandar Apple" na Chernenko wanda ya ƙunshi irin apples waɗanda suka cika dukan watanni bayan sun fara.
Wannan labarin zai mayar da hankali kan nau'o'in hunturu. Renete Chernenkowanda ya dauka wurin girmamawa a wannan kalanda.
Bayani na iri-iri da hotuna a cikin labarin.
Wane irin ne?
Renet Chernenko - wakiltar marigayi hunturu masana'antu.
Ana iya adana apples a cikin ajiyar 'ya'yan itace har zuwa kwanaki 235.
Zai fi kyau adana apples a cikin kwalaye katako a zazzabi daga 0 zuwa 2 ° C da kuma matsanancin zafi 85-90%.
Bincike wasu apple apple iri: Lada, Cliff, Rennet Simirenko, Snowdrop, Gift of Grafsky, Persianka, Rozhdestvensky, Spartan, Starkrimson, Fuji, Krasa Sverdlovsk.
Ruwan jini
Dabbobi iri-iri Renet Chernenko ne mai lalata su, kuma mafi kyau iri-iri na apple pollinators wanda ya kamata a dasa kusa da Rennet Chernenko su ne: Rennet zinariya Kursk, Kwananyar Yare, Pepinka Lithuanian, Welsey, Antonovka talakawa, Tsakiyar Arewa.
Bayyana iri-iri Renet Chernenko
Renet Chernenko itace itace mai karfi wanda zai dace a cikin lambu mai son.
Girman tsawo a shekara ta 15 na rayuwa ya sa 4.8 mita tare da kambi na diamita a cikin 5.4 m
A kambi ne hemispherical, taso keya. Zuwa tsakiyar itace yana da haske kuma rare.
Rassan suna da tabbaci a cikin akwati a wani kusurwa tare da babban digiri. Gashin itace yana da launin toka-kore, kuma harbe suna ja-launin ruwan kasa, kuma kusa da kututture ma sun zama launin toka-kore.
U Reneta Chernenko matsakaiciyar ƙaddamarwa, kuma sabon harbe ya bayyana daga toho a saman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin shekara ta baya da kuma daga 2-3 buds, wasu karin fom ɗin fom din, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci sun kasance a cikin hibernation.
A lokacin shekarar ci gaba, da dama harbe ke tsiro a kan 'ya'yan itace - a takaice, girma ko rosette. Lokaci-lokaci akwai kwasfa guda biyu.
Crohn yana da yawa overgrown harbe - kolchatok, twigs, kopeytsev.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun bayyana a harbe-harbe a barayawanci a kan igiya. A harbe kansu ba su da matukar farin ciki, madaidaiciya, tare da manyan kayan leken asiri.
Bar akwai 'yan itatuwa a cikin wannan nau'in ya fi girma fiye da matsakaici. Launi launi ne mai duhu, siffar mai ban mamaki ne da tushe mai mahimmanci da maƙasudin maɗaukaki.
Ayyukan leaf shine crenate, leaf yana dan kadan mai lankwasa tare da ainihin jikin, kuma gefuna suna dan kadan. Ganye suna da alaka da harbe a wani m kwana. Ƙarshen takardar yana dan kadan ne, kuma saman yana da haske da haske.
Gilashin leaf yana da halaye masu zuwa: matsakaicin matsakaici, launin launin fata, marubuta, tare da ƙananan ƙanƙara da ƙananan ƙaddara.
Flowers na Rennet Chernenko apple itatuwa: kananan, saucer-like. White, petals dan kadan wavy. Anthers da ke ƙasa rylets a ƙasa a centimeter.
Ana nuna 'ya'yan itatuwa daga furanni tare da siffofin da suke biyowa: girman - babba. Weight - 110-180 grams. Form - taso keya flattened.
Fruits a cikin wani amfanin gona Haka siffar da girman.
Gilashin yana da kadan ribbing kusa da tushe.
Fentin da kyau yellowish kore tare da kadan garnet ko Scarlet blush a kan gefen haske.
Fata ba ta da tsayi sosai, ba m, amma mai yawa, farfajiyar yana maras ban sha'awa.
Matakan subcutaneous sun kasance, amma sun kasance ƙananan kuma basu da haɗari, akwai matakai masu lalacewa. Peduncle ƙananan, mai lankwasa, thickened a cikin 'ya'yan itace jaka. Funnel - kozhavlennaya, ba zurfi ba, fadi.
Cup ya fi girma fiye da matsakaiciyar matsakaici, rabi ya buɗe a cikin wani sauce mai sauƙi tare da ɗan ƙarami. Seed gida ƙananan siffan - kwan fitila, ɗakunan da aka rufe ba tare da komai ba.
Kullin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba ya haɗi tare da gida, siffar yana da fadi da nau'i-nau'i. Tsaba matsakaici-sized, duhu, launin ruwan kasa. Pulp ruwan inabi-mai dadi, tare da m mai da ƙanshi, farin, m, m, tare da babban abun ciki na bitamin C.
Yi aiki a kan kiwo wannan iri-iri S. F. Chernenko a Cibiyar Nazarin Rukuniyar Rasha jinsin da zaɓi na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. I.V. Michurin.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
Iri iri iri a sakamakon shuka tsaba Reneta Pepenova daga pollination kyauta.
Semyon Fedorovich ya yi suna a cikin girmamawa N.I. KichunovaShi ya sa ya sa wani suna kuma Renet Kichunova.
An shigar da sa a cikin rajista na jihar a 1986.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
A cewar wannan rajista, Rennet Chernenko za a iya bred a cikin yankuna masu zuwa: Central, Central Black Duniya, Middle Volga, Ural, Volga-Vyatka, North-West.
Sassan yankunan da suka fi yawa - Ƙungiyar Yankin Ƙananan Ƙananan Duniyaakasarinsu Turai ɓangare na Rasha da Bashkortostan. A Bashkiria, tsayayyar hunturu ba mai girma ba ne, dan kadan fiye da na Antonovka.
Yawo
A duk yankuna, Rennet Chernenko ya fara yin 'ya'ya ta hanyar Shekaru 7-8 bayan alurar riga kafi a lokacin da shekaru goma sha biyar ke ba da itacen apple girbi game da kg 62kuma a mafi yawancin 120 kg.
An cire shuka a watan Satumba, kuma apples tayi a cikin gado a watan Nuwamba kuma za'a adana su har zuwa karshen bazara.
Domin samun mafi girma girbi kana bukatar ka san game da nuances na dasa da kuma kula da wannan apple iri-iri.
Koyi game da irin amfanin itatuwan apple: Gala, Augusta, Pear Pear, Lyubava, Apple Spas, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, Bely Pour, Lobo, Dauyen Pepinchik.
Dasa da kulawa
Bayan koyon yadda za a shuka irin wannan iri-iri daidai da kuma yadda za a kula da shi yadda ya kamata, za ka sami damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa na tsawon shekaru.
Bayan 'yan dokoki don dace dasa bishiyoyi apple:
- Ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyi a spring, har sai buds sun yi fure, ko kuma a cikin kaka - bayan foliage ya fadi.
- Amma a fall ya kamata a yi 2 makonni kafin na farko sanyi, saboda seedlings ba zasu iya samo tushe a yanayin zafi ba.
- Idan kaka ya yi sanyi, to sai a yi shuka a spring.
- Idan ka sayi seedlings a kasuwa, ya kamata a kai su, bayan ajiyewa a cikin cakuda da yumbu da kuma nannade a cikin tsaftacewar rigar.
Bayan tafiya, dole ne a rage gado tare da taimakon mai ba da taimako, amma kawai skeletal rotten tushen ko shafi by cututtuka, growths.
Idan tushen bishiya sun bushe, suna da daraja don kwanaki da yawa kafin dasa, sanya cikin ruwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin yankunan da ke da ƙasa mai yumɓu ko kusa da ruwan ƙasa mai zurfi, ana iya barin rami a bude don dogon lokaci. Zai fi kyau shuka itatuwa a cikin wannan ƙasa kawai a cikin bazara.
Idan kana rayuwa a cikin yankin wanda ba wanda yake da chernozem, ana bukatar shuka a cikin bazara, kuma a cikin kaka ya kamata ya yi wasa a mafi girman ma'anar mãkirci - mirgine rami biyu ƙafa zurfi da kuma sa itatuwa a can, zuba su, kuma yayyafa su da yashi.
Kuma bayan giraguwa, ramin ya cika da ƙasa, yana barin ɓangaren ƙananan rassan a bayyane.
Bishiyoyin daji sun buƙaci a shirya a gaba: a cikin fall - na wata daya da kuma a cikin bazara - na 4-5 watanni.
Gilashin saukowa dole ne ya dace da wadannan sigogi masu zuwa: Rumbun plumb, aƙalla rabin mita mai zurfi, m diamita 70-120 cm
Na gaba, kana buƙatar zuba kumfa (gurba), guga na ƙasa daga saman laka da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai. Dama har sai an cika. 50%.
Lokacin da aka shirya rami, za a saka wani gungumen azaba a cikinta kuma za a sanya itacen don haka Ƙunƙasar wuyansa ita ce 30 cm sama da ƙasa, sun ƙulla shi don tallafi da kuma sanya cakuda a kan asalinsu.
Ya kamata ya zama babban tudu.
Na gaba, ƙasa ƙasa, shayar da kuma yafa masa hay, sawdust ko bambaro.
Tsarin tsire-tsire na seedling ne kawai mataki na farko don samun girbi mai kyau.
Har ila yau wajibi ne don tsara kulawa da kyau na itace.
Ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:
- Ciyar
Bishiyoyi sun fi girma a cikin rabin rabin Yuni, a wannan lokaci dole ne a ciyar da su da takin mai magani. A kan 1 square. m tsinkaya na kambi bukatar 10 lita na taki daga ruwa taki.
Yi takin mai amfani bayan ruwan sama ko kafin zuwan watering. Kana buƙatar zuba abinci a gaban dafa rijiyoyi 15 cm zurfi
- Watering
Shekaru na farko bayan dasa shuki wani apple na wannan iri-iri zai buƙaci watering watering. Daga ranar dasawa zuwa tsakiyar Yuli za ku buƙaci Ruwa itacen a akalla sau 5. A kan bishiya zai bukaci game da 30 lita na ruwa.
Dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin daban-daban. A karo na farko da aka shayar da su a farkon rabin watan Yuni, a karo na biyu a watan daya, sa'an nan kuma a watan Agusta. Kuma a cikin fall, kafin a fara sanyi, ana shayar da bishiyoyi a karo na hudu.
- Shuka.
Idan ba ku yanke itacen ba, amfanin gona zai kasance mai sauƙi, tun da za a kafa ƙananan rassa. A sakamakon haka, manyan rassan sun ragu sosai a ƙarƙashin wasu 'ya'yan itace.
Lokaci don pruning kafin cinye: a farkon fruiting, a lokacin fruiting zamani.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bugu da ƙari, matakan da ake bukata don kula da itatuwan apple na Renet Chernenko, wanda muka yi magana game da sama, kare apples a kan kwari irin su kwari da rodents ya kamata a kai su dakin hotel.
Kare kariya za su bauta shinge na tsalle-tsalle rabin mita tsayi wanda buƙatar tono cikin ƙasa a 30 cm.
Gilashin gashi - idan kun kunsa bishiyoyi tare da shi, sandan ba zai iya lalata su ba, kuma zai kare shuke-shuke daga sanyi.
Idan rodents gnawed da Trunks, ya kamata ka rufe wuraren lalace tare da filin lambu da kuma kunsa su da tsare.
Wannan irin itace yana da matukar damuwa ga scab, wanda shine amfani. Amma idan scab har yanzu buga itacen, to, zaku iya kawar da shi ta hanyar yada itacen bayani na jan ƙarfe ko baƙin ƙarfe sulphate.
Don kare itacen daga kwari ya dauki nauyin matakan:
- tono da tsaftace pristvolny circles;
- aiwatar da tsabta ta tsabta;
- launi;
- shigar da tsarin tsare;
- fesa apple apple da kwari.
Dabbobi iri-iri Renet Chernenko yana da matukar mahimmanci, yana da halaye irin su: tsayayyen hunturu, yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya ga scab, mai kyau kyawawan dabi'un, mai saurin kai da kuma dandano 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau.
Dubi bidiyo akan yadda za'a kare itacen apple daga rodents.
