'Yar melba - rani iri-iri itatuwan apple, wanda aka samo daga Melba, sabili da haka, a lokuta da yawa kamar wannan.
Duk da haka, ɗayan 'yar Melba Ya fi sanyi sanyi kuma ya fi dacewa ga scab.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi irin wannan apples daga kalman gani dasa, namo da ajiyar 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Wane irin ne?
Kamar yadda aka ce, 'yar ta Melba - rani iri-iriko kuma wajen haka, itace itacen apple ne na ƙarshen lokacin rani.
Mafi sau da yawa horar da a kan Yankin Arewa maso yammacin yankin Nonchernozem na RashaDuk da haka, shi ya dace da noma a ko'ina cikin Rasha.
Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da cewa yana da kyau farkon mabukaci balaga - ya zo riga a ranar goma daga ranar tarin.
An yi imanin cewa, 'yar Melba ta kamata a kiyaye shi ba fiye da wata ɗaya ba - a ƙarshen wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun rasa dandano da abubuwan amfani da su.
Zai fi kyau adana apples a cikin kwalaye na katako a cikin duhu, bushe, ɗaki mai sanyi.
Don wannan shi ne gidan sararin samaniya.
Abin sha'awa, wani yaro apple itacen wannan iri-iri yana ba girbi kowace shekarakuma balagaggu ba.
Domin girbi wannan iri-iri, kowace gonar ta shafi pollinate.
Yarinyar Melba tana da halin low kai-pollination ikon.
Wannan madaidaiciya yana bada shawara don shuka kusa da ita "progenitor" - Melba.
Saurin sunaye sun hada da: Gorno-Altaiskoye, Gornist, Malinovka, Spas Apple, Bely Pouring, Yandykovskoe, Hero na Day, Terentyevka, Silver Hoof, Solntsedar, Yuzhny, Yuli Chernenko, Chudnoye, Yuzhny, Krasnoe a baya, Ruwan Ƙasa, Abokan Harkokin Kasuwanci, Papirova.
Daban kwatancen Daughter Melba
Ka yi la'akari da bambancin apple da 'ya'yan itace.
Hawan itacen bishiya mai girma ya kai mita 3.
Murfin yana da duhu, yayin da foliage yana da haske mai haske.
Tsarin Apple Tree Melba yana da launi mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda, wani lokaci tare da haske mai haske.
Tree na wannan iri-iri za a iya kira vigorous.
A wannan yanayin, itacen apple yana kama da Melba.
Su kansu 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna auna nauyin kilogram 130, manyan, zagaye siffar, kusan gaba daya rufe da blush kuma tare da ratsi. Babban launi shine haske mai haske ko rawaya mai haske. A apple kuma an rufe shi da kananan ja ko ruwan hoda. Yawan Melby yana da mahimmanci fararen nama mara kyau.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
Yarinyar Melba ta Bred a yankin Leningrada kan Station na gwagwarmayar Pavlovsk VIR daga Melba iri-iri. Masu shayarwa sun tabbatar da cewa sabon iri-iri ya fi resistant zuwa hunturu da scab.
Bisa ga siffofin halittar jiki, wadannan itatuwan apple ba ma bambanta da Melba kanta ba. Daga bisani, Melba shine ƙwararrun masu aikin shayarwa. Ta kasance bred a 1898 daga iri-iri da aka kira Mackintosh.
Tun da Kanada da Rasha suna cikin wannan wuri, dukkanin abubuwa uku da aka ambata a sama sunyi tushe a kasarmu sosai.
Yankin Asalin
'Yar Melba tana da kyau don girma sosai a ko'ina cikin Rashada a cikin ƙasashe masu haske.
Kodayake na daidaitawa na wannan iri-iri a wasu yankuna an yi nazarin kadan, Akwai shaida na yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin yankuna masu jin dadi.
Duk da haka kyau sanyi juriya na itacen apple ya sa ya dace da noma ko da a arewacin kasarmu.
Don dasa shuki a cikin wadannan yankuna, wadannan nau'o'in apple iri sun dace: Pepin Saffron, Rennet Simirenko, Uspenskoye, Cliff, Young Naturalist, Cinnamon Novoe, Kvinti, Kalvil snow, Rennet Chernenko, Zhigulevskoe, Zvezdochka, Imrus, Antey, Korichnaya taguwar, Anis taguwar.
Yawo
Ana iya danganta 'yar Melba zuwa iri-iri masu yawa. Tree fara farawa da shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa.
Yawancin lokaci yawan amfanin ƙasa ne game da nau'in kilo 35-35 tare da tsawon shekaru 9-11. 'Ya'yan itacen wannan iri-iri suna girbe a karshen watan Agusta, lokacin ripening zai iya bambanta kadan dangane da yankin dasa.
Ana ci 'ya'yan apples ne sabo, za'a iya adana su har sai Oktoba. 'Yar melba Ya haifi 'ya'ya sau ɗaya a shekara.
Dasa da kulawa
Ana dasa iri-iri Melba Dauda an yi bayan da itace ya kammala aikin flowering ko farawa. Ya kamata a shirya rami a gaba - don wanke ƙasa, don amfani da taki.
A seedling dole ne a tsabtace na foliage sabõda haka, ba ya ƙafe danshi daga ƙasa.
Ba'a bada shawara don dasa itacen apple kusa da ruwa. Idan har yanzu sun kasance a kusa da shafin, dole ne a gudanar da tashoshin tsawa.
'Yar melba yawanci ana shuka a cikin layuka mita 8x3 ko mita 7x7.
Wannan nisa ne saboda yawan girma na appleda kuma siffofin tsarin bishiyar kanta.
Ana bada shawarar shuka shuka a cikin mai kyau, zai fi dacewa ƙasa mai laushi. Ya kamata kuma cikakke drained.
Ciyar Melba 'yar iri sukan yi a shekara ta biyu bayan saukarwa, kwasfan gwaje-gwaje. Bishiyoyi suna buƙata na yau da kullum.
Masana sunyi shawara Buga cikin akwati domin kare itacen daga kwari. Da farko na kaka tono sama da ƙasadon kula da amfanin gona na ƙasa Abun da aka yi masa.
Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya game da matasa sapling.
Crown Shaping da Trimming ya kamata ya kula. A cikin bazara, wajibi ne don yanke tsoffin rassan, amma ba gaba ɗaya ba, sai dai wani ɓangare. Sauran suna bukatar a rage su. Wannan zai taimaka wa kananan rassan don su ci gaba da haɗaka. A lokaci guda, wajibi ne don hana ganye daga girma sosai.
Spraying Ana tsayar bishiyoyi a tsakiyar bazara - a karo na farko lokacin da furanni suka fara fure, kuma na biyu - lokacin da itacen ya fara fure.
Akwai sau uku na hanyoyi - Masana sun ce Melba ta Dauda yana da amfani don yaduwa ta uku sau ɗaya a cikin makonni 2 bayan farkon flowering.
'Yar Melba ita ce' yar ingancin sabon apple kuma yana da isasshen high pest juriya. Kulawa mai kyau, tsawaitawa da kuma dacewa ta dace yana rage haɗarin haɗuwa da itacen.
Gaba, muna la'akari da cututtuka na ainihi na apple da hanyoyin magance su.
Cututtuka da kwari
Yarinyar Melba tana da irin wannan cututtuka da kwari kamar sauran nau'o'in.
Mealy dew. Yana nuna kanta a matsayin farin farin a kan ganye, wanda sauƙin rubutun a farkon, amma a tsawon lokaci ya zama denser. A ganye curl da bushe. Mafi sau da yawa yakan rinjayi bishiyoyi da basu da ruwan inji. Powdery mildew taimaka spraying colloidal soda.
Monilioz, 'ya'yan itace rot. Watsi da iska ko kwari. Don magance wannan cuta, dole ne a tsabtace gonar daga 'ya'yan itace masu haɗari, ciki har da digo na inabõbi. Spraying tare da shirye-shirye na musamman yana taimakawa.
Vertex. Sunan yayi magana akan kanta - saman bishiyar ya zauna ba tare da ganye ba kuma ya bushe. Wannan cututtuka yana haifar da rashin samuwa, mafi sau da yawa zinc. Bi da mutuwar by spraying.
Aphid. Leaf blush da curl. Daga aphids taimaka miyagun ƙwayoyi "aktar".
Scab. An bayyana shi azaman baki baki akan 'ya'yan itace. Yarinyar Melba tana da kyau wajen maganin cutar, amma zai iya zama kamuwa idan rashin kulawa bai isa ba.
Masu kyauta. Ya bayyana idan itacen apple ya sha wahala daga sanyi. Yana taimakawa wajen yin takin gargajiya da kuma yin amfani da ruwa.
Yarinyar Melby tana da nau'in iri iri iri na kowa, wanda yake da kyakkyawar yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma dandano mai kyau. Tsarin fannin noma da mahimmancin kulawa ya sa irin wannan ya zama sananne a tsakanin lambu.
Dubi bidiyo akan yadda za'a shirya bishiyoyi don hunturu.
