Cherry ita ce al'ada mai yawa a kasashe da dama a duniya.
Hakanan zaka iya samun ita a cikin fadin tsohon SSS, ciki har da a cikin yankunan Rasha da kuma dabarun dacha.
Irin wannan hali na masu aikin lambu suna tura masu shayarwa don ƙirƙirar sababbin iri, tare da ingantaccen itace da sifofin sifofi. Idan kayi la'akari da sake dubawa na lambu, to sai na yi la'akari da yawancin nau'o'in Chocolate Chocolate, da bayanin da hoto, da kuma bayani game da yadda za a shuka Chocolate Chocolate, za'a iya samuwa a kasa.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Wannan ceri yana nufin matasa da kuma bunkasa zamani al'adun 'ya'yan itace.
Samun samuwar sabon nau'in, masana Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kimiyya ta Rasha da Rasha-Rasha ta Yammacin Afirka (Orel) ya fito ne daga amfani da masu kirkirar Rasha a irin wannan itace, wanda zai wadatar da sigogi guda biyu - yana da cikakkiyar mataki na juriya mai sanyi kuma zai zama ƙasa.
Na farko yanayin ya fito daga masu yiwuwa don aiki kiwo na Chocolatnits a cikin gonaki horticultural a cikin yankunan Rasha.
Kuma, kamar yadda aka sani, mafi yawan yankunan kasar Rasha suna cikin yankunan dake da yanayi mai matsanancin yanayi da kuma yanayin ƙasa, akalla, mai tsanani da matsala ga amfanin gona na amfanin gona na thermophilic.
A ƙasashen Rasha, wasu nau'o'in cherries ne masu karimci, Vladimirskaya, Moscow Griot.
Amma ga factor gajeren lokaciwannan buƙatar ita ce ka'idar shekarun da suka gabata yayin da yawancin lambu ke kokarin yin aikin su Mafi dacewa da sauri don dawowa.
A ƙananan shuka wanda yake da sauki don kulawa. ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da ƙarin kayan aiki ba, shine mafi dacewa da wannan.
Don haka a cikin 1996, sakamakon sakamakon ƙetarewar juyawa Ana amfani da baki da kuma cherries Lyubskaya an samo sababbin nau'o'i masu kyau (marubuta - A. Kolesnikov, T. Trofimova, M. Miheeva).
A cikin wannan shekara, Chocolate, wanda ya sami sunansa don halayyar cakulan launi 'ya'yan itace ya shiga cikin Jihar Register don yankin tsakiya na Rasha.
Bayan haka Hardiness da kuma low growthWannan kyan yana alama da wasu sauran dabi'u, wanda za'a tattauna a gaba.
Wadannan irin su Volochaevka, Morozovka da Vyanok suna nuna kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu.
Yanayin Cherry Chocolate
Wannan iri-iri yana halin siffofin da ke tattare da shi daga wasu nau'in cherries.
Tree
Yana da ƙananan ƙananan girma, matsakaicin matsayi na itace yana bambanta a tsakanin 2.1-2.5 m. A haushi a kan akwati (akwati) launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka-launin ruwan kasa.
An dasa injin da matsakaicin adadin kambi, wanda ya fi dacewa kuma an ɗaga sama sama da ƙasa, yana da siffar ƙirar (inverted) pyramid (tare da tushe mai mahimmanci da kuma babban maɗaukaki mai zurfi).
Harbe. Shuka cikin matsakaici tsawon. A matsayinka na mai mulki, madaidaiciya. Kamar yadda a kan gangar jikin, a kan manyan rassan, haushi yana launin ruwan kasa tare da launin launin fata. A kan harbe ci gaba da buds mazugi-dimbin yawa, kimanin 3-4 mm tsawo. A buds suna a cikin wani wuri matsayi, kusa da harbe.
Bar. Dabarun daga kodan, sun samo kwalliya na kusan kullun. Ƙananan bishiyoyi na Chocolatnica suna da tushe mai mahimmanci da kuma maɗaukaki. Ɗauke kan rassan ta hanyar tsintsi game da 1.5 cm tsawo.Gashin tushe ya haske, saman yana da duhu duhu.
Flowers Launi mai launi mai kyau, tare da fure-fayen da ba a iya raba shi ba. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin inflorescence 3 an tattara furanni, wanda ke taimakawa wajen yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kullun na flower yana da nauyin karamin kararrawa da karfi mai karfi.
'Ya'yan itacen
An yi ta Tsari da girman girman 18-19 x 16-17 mm. Kwancen guda daya ya kai 3.5 - 4 g.
Nauyin yarinya na yarinya da nauyi shine kashi daya cikin goma na nauyin nauyin tayin. Cikakke Cherry Chocolate samun launin fata mai launi, wanda a mataki na cikakken ripening daga cikin 'ya'yan itace sau da yawa juya a cikin wani arziki baki.
Ba'a kiyaye 'ya'yan itacen da tsauraran mita 30-3-3 mm. Dark duhu m jiki mai yawa na ceri da dutse da kyau rabu da juna.
Ƙananan manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da Black Large, Volochaevka da Zhukovskaya.
Hotuna
Nau'in iri-iri
Chocolate Cherry da aka ware a matsayin mai kyau 'ya'yan itãcen marmari - wannan yana nufin ta za a iya samuwa da kansa pollen kuma baya bukatar karin pollinators.
Har ila yau, haihuwa yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Mankee, Mayak da Novella.
Duk da haka, domin ya samar da farko cikakken "Cakulan" har ma mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa, masu fama da kwarewa da kuma masu bada shawara sun bada shawarar dasa shukiyar itace, wani ƙarin pollinator, kusa da ceri na wannan iri-iri.
A cikin hanyar pollination, Chocolate zai iya zama taimako mai kyau. Cherry iri-iri Griot da kuma ƙwayoyi Vladimir da kwalban. Idan an dasa bishiyoyi a cikin rukuni, domin sakamako mafi girma tsakanin su. Ka bar izinin akalla mita 2-3.
Ƙwayar itace na wannan iri-iri tana nufin isa shuke-shuke masu zafi.
Wannan yana nufin cewa yana tasowa a hanya mafi kyau kuma yana bada iyakacin yawan amfanin ƙasa, girma a cikin mãkirci na gonar, da kyau da rana.
Gwararrun lambu sun ba da shawara irin wannan wuri don zaɓar a gefen kudancin gonar. Ya kamata a tuna cewa kasancewar inuwa daga bishiyoyi masu kusa ko gini na iya rage yawan ƙwayar Chocolate Woman.
Kodayake, masana sun ƙaddamar da wannan nauyin kamar yadda yake da wuya. A kowane hali, wannan hunturu-hardy ceri zai iya jure yanayin zafi da zafi sosai.
Don sarrafa tsawon lokaci ba tare da irrigating itace ba tsarin tushen ci gaba.
Kwayoyin furanni sukan fara a watan Mayu. Tuni a cikin a tsakiyar - a rabi na biyu na watan Yuli, 'ya'yan itatuwan Chocolate Woman ripen. Girbi na farko da yakan saba wa lambu a cikin shekara ta huɗu rayuwarka.
Tare da ƙungiyar ta dace da matakan kimiyya da kulawa, wannan ceri yana bada isasshen high yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Bisa ga kididdigar, yawancin nau'in samar da nau'o'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in 78 ne a kowace hectare (11-12 kg daga itacen daya)Yawancin adadin da aka kai a kusan kusan 97.
Robin, Mai Girma da Lyubskaya na iya yin fariya da kyau.
A fita fita itacen yana samar da 'ya'yan itace tare da abun ciki mai zuwa sunadarai:
| Haɗuwa | Yawan |
|---|---|
| Sugar | 12,5% |
| Acids | 1,65% |
| Dry matter | 18,3% |
Cikakken 'ya'yan itace yawanci sosai dadi. Halin halayyar haɗari yana nuna juyayi a kan mai dadi da dandano mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ba wannan ceri Cherry dandano.
Duk da haka, 'ya'yan itãcen iri iri ba kawai dadi ba, amma kuma lafiya sosai. Musamman, sun kasance masu arziki a cikin baƙin ƙarfe, cobalt, jan ƙarfe - abubuwa da suke da hannu wajen aiwatar da matakan jini.
Bayyana a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara Pectin taimaka wajen kawar da toxins daga jiki.
Don abinci mai gina jiki, Chocolate Chocolate yana da ban sha'awa saboda tare da taimakonsa ci ciyana inganta tasiri don rage ƙishirwa da kuma daidaita al'amuran hanji.
'Ya'yan itãcen Chernokorka, Zhivitsa da Kharitonovskaya iri ma mallaki dandano mai kyau da kuma amfani.
Dasa da kulawa
Mun koyi yadda kuma inda za a dasa shuki Chocolate Chocolate cherries daidai? Kafin an shuka Chocolate Chocolate iri-iri, wajibi ne kula da ƙasaA yayin da ake zubar da ruwa da hagu.
Kamar mafi yawan ire-iren iri, Chocolate Chocolate ba ya son sosai m sandy kasa enriched tare da na gina jiki da kuma bayar da mai kyau malalewa tsarin.
An bada shawara don kauce wa dasa shudan ƙasa da kuma wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa ke kusa (ƙasa da 1.5 m) zuwa farfajiya. Bugu da ƙari, wurin saukowa kafin dasa shuki itace yana da kyawawa don takin gargajiya tare da taki (humus).
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da yanayin seedling. Kwararrun lambu nace cewa seedlings kada a samu "ta hannun".
A lokaci guda, sigogi na waje su dace daidai da shekarun da aka bayyana.
Bishiyar cakulan tsire-tsire ko dai a watan Afrilu ko Satumba. Tona rami ga kowane seedling tare da diamita na 70 cm kuma zurfin 60-70 cm.
Ana kara man, potassium chloride, superphosphate, da ash a cikin rijiyar.
A cikin rami wanda aka haƙa ta wannan hanya, an saukar da seedling, tushensa ya rufe ƙasa kuma an tattake ƙasa a kusa da akwati.
Ruwa da shuka da shuka mafi kyau da ruwa. Yankin pistol ya zama dole don ciyawa tare da humus da sawdust.
Kulawa da kyau na Chocolate Chocolate iri-iri yana ba da shawara na yau da kullum ban ruwa, kazalika da sauye-sauye, girkewa da takin ƙasa.
A cikin bazara, kwanaki 22-27 kafin kullin kodan, ya kamata yanke bushe da rassan rassan.
A lokacin flowering da ripening Dole ne ku samar da itace kyau watering - har zuwa 3-4 buckets na ruwa ƙarƙashin kowane itace.
Har ila yau wajibi ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani masu dacewa zuwa ƙasa a lokaci.
Spring ne lokacin nitrogen da takin mai magani, amma phosphate da potash da takin mai magani an kara da cewa a cikin fall. A cikin vegetative zamani, jiko na mullein da kuma ma'adinai da takin mai magani an gabatar.
Idan girma na seedlings a kowace shekara ne ba kasa da 70 cm ba, yana nufin cewa itacen yana tasowa daidai.
Cututtuka da kwari
Wannan iri-iri, kamar sauran nau'o'in cherries, suna so su haye a cikin hunturu. daban-daban rodents. Don kare haushi daga waɗannan kwari, ana bada shawara kafin sanyi kunsa ganga tare da zane mai zane.
Amma ga cututtuka, cututtukan fungal kamar su coccomicosis da moniliasis.
Matsayin da ke nuna rashin kamuwa da wata bishiya ta ganyen na naman gwari Blumeriella jaapii (Sossomuse hiemalis) shine bayyanar launin fure a kan ganye amma ba kakar kafin faduwar su ba.
Wannan baya haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire, amma itacen da ke fama da ciwon da aka ambata a hankali ya raunana kuma duk da haka ya mutu ba tare da jimawa ba, bai iya tsira da sanyi ba.
A yaki da coccomycosis ne a yadda ake aiki da katako tare da masu fashewa: a karo na farko kafin a fara hutu, na biyu shine a lokacin flowering, kusa da ƙarshensa, na uku shine makonni 2-3 bayan ƙarshen flowering (ko bisa ga halin da ake ciki, idan ja spots on leaves ya ci gaba da bayyana).
Irin iri dake Tsarevna Felt, Ashinskaya Steppe da Tamaris suna da tsayayya ga wannan annoba.
Maganin Monilias, wakili wanda shine mai naman gwari mai suna Asiliamycete, ya karbi suna na biyu - monilial burn - saboda gaskiyar cewa rassan rassan sun bayyana a kan bishiyoyin da ta shafa.
Idan har shekaru da dama ba ku fara yaki da wannan cuta ba, to wannan shuki zai raunana kuma ya mutu.
Don kula da kiwon lafiya na bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa a nan gaba ba dole ba ne kasancewar mataki na zaɓi na seedlings.
"Rigakafin" ya hada da zabi na wuri mai kyau don dasa shuki, aiki mai karfi na kututture da rassan da suka lalace saboda sakamakon aikin injiniya, ƙaddamarwa na kwanciyar hankali.
Idan ba'a iya kare itacen ba daga kamuwa da cuta, to, ya kamata a bi da shi da wuri-wuri.
Don wannan a kan da yawa yanayi Yin aiki na dutse dole ne a yi masu ciwo - kafin, lokacin da kuma bayan ƙarshen lokacin flowering.
Don rage girman yiwuwar yin naman gwari akan bishiyoyin da ke makwabta, yin amfani da sinadarai da kuma datse rassan ya kamata a yi. kawai a cikin iska marar haske.
Saboda haka, domin ku ji dadin dandano daya daga cikin cherries masu kyau da kyawawa, dole ne kuyi ƙoƙari. Amma ba Chocolate Chocolate ya darajanta ba?
Dubi kwarewa mai amfani game da wace yanayi ake buƙatar don cherries cherries? Yadda za a kare cherries daga kwari? Mene ne mafi yawan cututtuka masu cuta?
