Chestnut - itace mai ban sha'awa, ainihin ceto a gonar da titunan birnin a ranar zafi mai zafi. Duk da haka, chestnut ba wai kawai inuwa daga babban kambi mai launi ba, amma kuma wani haske, ƙanshi mai kyau na furanni masu kyau da sabo, iska mai tsabta. Bugu da kari, wasu irin wannan itace suna da dadi, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu' ya'yan itatuwa. Karnin yana mafi yawanci a kudanci da kuma tsakiyar yanki na Turai na CIS, da Caucasus da tsakiyar Asiya. Gwargwadon ci gaban kirji na tsiro a kowace shekara, mutane masu yawa suna da mãkirci don yin ado da wuri.
Shin kuna sani? Kwayar katako ta fara a watan Mayu, amma launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoton zai iya bayyana a cikin hunturu, a karkashin yanayin yanayi mai sauƙi. 'Ya'yan itãcen chestnut ripen a farkon ko tsakiyar kaka, wasu mutane ci su, su dandana kamar mai dadi dankali. Ana amfani da karn din a maganin gargajiya: daban-daban magungunan curative anyi ne daga 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Dasa da kuma haifuwa daga chestnut
Chestnut zai iya girma mai iko, yana da kyau mai kyau tsawon mita 30, yayin lura da matakan da ya dace da dasawa da kulawa.
Zaɓin wuri
Lokacin zabar wurin da za a fitar da chestnut, kana buƙatar bincika abubuwa uku masu muhimmanci: sarari, hasken wuta da kariya daga iska. Dole ne a ba da shawara ga mãkirci tare da babban yanki, tun da chestnut yana da kambi mai ƙarfi da tsarin tushen, wanda ke buƙatar sarari don ci gaban al'ada. Nisa daga chestnut zuwa wasu tsire-tsire ko gine-gine ya zama akalla mita 5. Kwanya itace itace mai haske, amma yana da kyau a hasken rana. Kuma yanayin karshe: don kaucewa lalata katako na katako a lokacin shuka, zabi wuri mai dadi, ba batun gusts na iska ba.
Lokaci
Kowane katako iri-iri ya kamata a dasa a cikin bazara, a cikin ƙasa mai kyau warmed. A lokacin bazara, ba a ba da shawarar ba, a lokacin da magunguna a ƙasa sukan lalata tsaba, wanda zai kai ga mutuwar dasa.
Shirya shiri
Chestnuts sun fi son kwalliya, gina jiki, dan kadan acidic ko ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, mai tsabta, tare da matsanancin zafi. Itacen yana tsiro ne a ƙasa mai baƙar fata ko ƙasa mai laushi tare da ƙara da lemun tsami. Idan yankin shine ƙasa mai yumbu, kana buƙatar ƙara yashi zuwa rami mai saukowa. Idan ƙasa, a akasin wannan, yashi ne, an bada shawara don ƙara sashin yumɓu, wanda zai hana yin bushewa mai yawa. Har ila yau a matsayin madara don chestnut dace da cakuda turf da ganye ƙasa tare da yashi a daidai yawa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙasar ƙasa ba ta dace da ƙwayar katako, ba zai iya samar da tsarin tushen karfi ba.
Features na dasa shuki seedlings
Yawancin lokaci ana zaɓar seedlings a shekara uku, wani lokaci mazan, tun lokacin da za'a iya yin shuruwa a gaban shekaru goma, amma a cikin bazara. Don dasa bishiyoyin katako suna buƙatar tono rami rami a cikin siffar wani kwalabe tare da zurfin 50-60 cm kuma kusan 50 cm fadi. Ramin yashi da dutse mai laushi tare da kauri na kimanin 30 cm an shimfiɗa a cikin rami. Sa'an nan kuma wani sashi na madara: ƙasa mai laushi daidai da humus da rabin kilogram na dolomite gari. A seedling an sanya a cikin rami, yayin da ba zurfafa tushen wuyansa. Dole ne a hawan tudun rami ta kimanin 10 cm, tun lokacin da tarin yake ba dalili ba saboda daɗin ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a shayar da shuka sosai (3-4 buckets na ruwa) kuma ya kamata a shigar da matakan katako don kare shi daga iska. Ka fitar da kayan tallafi lokacin da tushen tsarin sabon shuka yake da karfi. 
Kiwo
Kwayar da aka shuka ta hanyar cuttings (seedlings) da kuma nau'in iri ('ya'yan itatuwa). Don dasa kayan dasa kayan dasawa an shirya a cikin kaka, lokacin da kuka da kuma itace na uwarsa sun riga sun isa, kuma an kafa buds. Don rooting, kana bukatar ka yanke 20-30 cm tare da buds 5-7 daga reshe da kuma sanya su a cikin kwalaye da yashi ko sawdust ga rooting.
Tsarin ninkin shuka
Don haifar da 'ya'yan itacen kirji sunyi amfani da kwayoyi masu kyau waɗanda suka fadi a kasa, idan dai sun kasance cikakke kuma suna da kyau. Kwayoyin 'ya'yan goro suna shuka ne kawai bayan stratification, wanda a halin yanzu yakan auku a cikin tari na fadi ganye, inda auku aukuwar hijirar da kuma aukuwar nasara. Duk da haka Za a iya yin gyare-gyare a cikin wucin gadi. Dole ne a tattara cikakke 'ya'yan itace a ƙarshen fall, kuyi su cikin ruwa mai dumi don kwanaki 5, sau da yawa canza ruwa. Wannan yana laushi fata mai tsin goro mai kyau don ingantaccen shuka. Ta haka aka shirya katako suna dasa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi zuwa zurfin 10 cm kuma an sanya shi da busassun ganye. A cikin idon ruwa yawancin wadannan 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu cigaba. Har ila yau, don ƙaddamarwa na wucin gadi, zaka iya sanya kaya a katako a cikin rufaffiyar rufaffiyar da aka rufe da rigar yashi, kuma boye shi a wuri mai sanyi don rabin shekara.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin yaduwar iri yana da matsala mai muhimmanci: 'ya'yan itatuwa sun lalace ta hanyar rodents, wanda ke cinye su a cikin ƙasa, suna lalata irin kayan.
Kula da bishiyoyi na Chestnut
Ga ƙwayar kirji, kulawa da namo suna kunshe ne a lokacin da ake yaduwa, tare da raguwa mai zurfi na saman Layer na kasar gona, da kuma kayan ado. Gyara ƙasa yana ba ka damar saturate tushen tsarin bishiyar tare da oxygen kuma rabu da mu weeds. A cikin shekarar farko na girma na ƙwayar matashi, a lokacin rani, a yayin da sassan waje na da girma 25-30 cm tsawo, suna bukatar a yanke su cikin rabi. Lokacin da dasa shuki da kuma na gaba zuwa hudu zuwa biyar, yana da muhimmanci ga ruwa matasa kirji da kyau, musamman a lokacin bushe da zafi lokaci.
Wuta na sama da taki
An dasa itacen katako a sau ɗaya a shekara, a farkon spring. Don yin wannan, tsarma 20 g na ammonium nitrate a lita 15 na ruwa da kuma ƙara 1 kg na sabo ne taki, 15-20 g of urea, game da 25 g na phosphorus-potassium-nitrogen taki. Takin gargajiya zai taimaka wajen inganta ƙasa inda katirin ke tsiro da kuma saturate shi da abinci mai gina jiki: turbaya mai laushi, takin gargajiya, bishiyoyin infusions, humus, a hade tare da dukkanin takin mai magani.
Kafin ciyar da chestnut a cikin bazara, kana buƙatar ciyawa ƙasa kewaye da akwati 10 cm tare da Layer na peat, peat takin, sawdust ko itace kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Wannan ba kawai zai samar da layin da ake bukata ba daga tushen tsarin, amma kuma zai taimaka wa chestnut a matsayin taki.
Yadda za a datse katako
Don tabbatar da ƙwaƙwalwar katirrawa, lush, rawanin gosidu, tare da farkon lokacin bazara, kana buƙatar ɗaukar rassan bishiyoyi na sama da kashi huɗu na tsawon. Ganaran harbe na waje, wanda aka tsara a ƙarshen rani, ba za a iya yanke shi ba. Dole ne a sake maimaita wannan tsari na chestnut a kowace shekara, wannan shine dalilin kula da bishiyoyi har ya kai ga tsawo da aka so. A lokacin da ake yankewa, kana buƙatar barin har zuwa rassan gefen biyar don kafa rassan tsari na farko. Bayan da ya kafa kambin (kambi), ƙaddara ba wajibi ne ba. A yanayin saukan wuce kima na kambi a cikin rani, za ka iya yanke rassan da suka fi dacewa. Dukkan yanka yana buƙatar saka su tare da farar lambun. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a cire datti da rassan lokaci, da tsabtace rassan daga harbe.
Kula da hunturu, shiri don hunturu
Yanzu bari la'akari da yadda za a adana itatuwan chestnut a cikin hunturu, don haka suna ci gaba da jin daɗin rassan kore a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Chestnut itace tsire-tsire mai tsami sosai, kuma matasan kananan yara kawai a farkon shekaru 2-3 sun bukaci karin kulawa a cikin hunturu. Kariya ta hunturu yana kunshe da nau'in pristvolnyh tare da takin mai magani na 20 cm lokacin farin ciki, kuma sashin jikin kanta an rufe shi da burlap. Idan saboda kullun da aka yi a cikin haushi ya bayyana a kan haushi, an lalata wuraren da aka lalata tare da maganin antiseptics kuma an rufe shi da lambun lambun.
Kwaro da cuta
Kulawa na Chestnut ya hada da matakan da za a magance cututtuka da ake nunawa a lokaci-lokaci. A wasu lokuta, ɓangaren ganye yana bayyana akan ganyen itacen, wanda ya nuna rashin lafiya. naman gwari powdery mildew ko anthracnose. Daga cikin dabba mai kwari suna yawan kai hare-haren da bagworms, Jafananci hruschiki, drillers. A baya can, wadannan cututtuka da kwari ba su sanya mummunan barazana ga dasa ba, saboda yana da sauƙi don kula da kullun a irin waɗannan lokuta. Akwai magani sosai don kawar da cututtuka. "Fundazol" ko ruwa Bordeaux, kuma don halakar cututtuka mai cutarwa ya yiwu tare da taimakon "Malathion".
Kwanan nan, duk da haka, da chestnut yana ƙara kai hare hare wani sabon kadan-binciken kwaro - chestnut ko balkan tawadar Allah. Asalinsa ba a sani ba, an fara gano tawadar a Makedonia a 1985, bayan haka ya yada cikin Turai. Matakan da za a magance wannan cutar har yanzu ana fahimta da rashin fahimta, duk da gaskiyar cewa yana haifar da mummunan cutar ga chestnuts. Ganye, shafi Balkan moriya, ya yi launin rawaya, ya bushe kuma ya fadi a farkon lokacin rani, sakamakon abin da sababbin sun bayyana a cikin kaka. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin hunturu an shuka shukin kuma ya rage. Don magance ƙwayar wutsiya, an yi amfani da sunadarai na musamman wanda ake buƙatar da shi a cikin gangar jikin kamar injections. Kyakkyawan rigakafi shine tsaftacewa da kuma ƙonewa da ganye, wanda yarinya na hunturu na Balkan yake.
Yana da daraja tunawa da cewa launin rawaya na chestnut zai iya bayyana ba kawai saboda kwari ba. Girgizar ruwa da iska mai ƙarfi a lokacin rani na haifar da bushewa, ƙonewa da karkatar da ganye mai kyau, wanda baya fadawa. Kullum sau da yawa lokutan kirji suna shan wahala daga yanayin zafi mai zafi a kudancin kudancin, saboda haka, shirya shuka a wurare irin wannan, kana buƙatar bincika batun batun shayarwar ƙasa da kare kariya daga iskar bushewa.
