Tarihin plum a matsayin nau'in al'adu na da shekaru fiye da daya. Ya zo Rasha ne a karni na 17, kuma mafi yawanci a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Ana samo ma'auni a tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, amma ya sami mafi rinjaye a Moldova, Crimea da Ukraine.
Plum kamar itace mai ƙarancin zafi kuma ana girma ne a yankuna kudancin.
Mafi shahararren, ya yi amfani da sababbin sababbin iri, resistant zuwa cututtuka da sanyi, shi ne nau'i mai walƙiya mai suna Anna Speth.
Anna Shpet Plum: fasali iri-iri
Anna Shpet itace itace tsayi sosai, tare da ƙananan kambi na pyramidal da launin fatar launin fata. Ganye sun yi farin ciki, launin ruwan duhu tare da kananan internodes. Babban rassan da kuma harbe suna sosai m.
A buds ne ƙananan, tare da kaifi tips. Ƙananan suna da ƙananan, m, tare da kaifi mai kaifi, haske mai haske, maras laushi, ana aiki a kan gefuna, ba tare da tsabta ba tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Furen suna manyan, fararen, suna girma tare biyu, a kan matsakaici-sized pedicle. Petals ne m, tare da gefuna gefuna. Bayan 'yan stamens, anthers yellowish.
Berries suna da yawa, suna yin la'akari game da 45-50 grams, purple purple tare da burgundy inuwa, m, ba tare da pubescence. Suna da matakai masu launin launin toka masu launin toka, suture na kusa ba shi da komai. Kwan zuma na matsakaici matsakaici, sauƙin mai sauƙi, an rufe shi da waxy shafi.
Jiki yana da dadi, tare da dandano dandano mai dadi sosai, yellowish-kore, m, lokacin da cikakken balagagge - haske rawaya, m. Dutse yana da ƙananan, ovoid, sauƙin raba shi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Hotuna
Hotuna hotuna "Anna Shpet":
Tarihin kiwo
An samo irin wannan nau'in ne a tsawon shekarun 1870, a cikin Jamus, ta hanyar shahararrun masanin lambu na Jamus Ludwig Shpet. Babban aikinsa shi ne samar da sababbin nau'o'in lilac, kuma iri-iri iri-iri sunyi girma ta hanyar kwatsam daga wallafe-wallafen da ba a sani ba.
Wannan nau'in ya yada yadu a cikin USSR a cikin 1930-1940s. An zoned a 1947 a cikin Rostov, Astrakhan yankuna na Rasha, Krasnodar da Stavropol Territories.
Daga baya ya fara girma a kudancin Belarus, a cikin Ukraine, Moldova da Crimea.
Halaye
Anna Shpet is marigayi iri-iri, da berries fara ripen kawai a cikin marigayi Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su fito ba kuma zai iya zama a kan itace na dogon lokaci ko da bayan cikakken maturation.
Babban amfani na wannan iri-iri shine:
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma da kuma dadi;
- farkon farkon fruiting;
- marigayi ripening;
- kulawa mara kyau;
- da yiwuwar dogon lokacin ajiya na berries;
- babban mataki na farfadowa na itace.
Wannan wani nau'i mai girma, mai girma, mai girma mai shekaru 20 yana iya girbe a kusa 100-150 kilogiram na berries. Anna Shpet fara farawa 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekaru 4-5 bayan saukowa.
Bayan an cire shi daga itacen, ana iya adana berries don dogon lokaci a wuri mai sanyi ba tare da rasa dandano da samfur ba. An yi amfani dashi don sarrafawa da kuma amfani da sabon amfani.
By sanyi, da iri-iri ne m, duk da haka, ko da tare da mai tsanani daskarewa, iya dawo da sauri. Amma don girma a cikin yanayin sanyi, har yanzu bai dace ba, tun da yake ya zama mai yawancin ƙasa kuma yana da rashin lafiya sosai. Yana da kullun ga ƙasa da kula kuma zai iya jure wa fari sosai.
Anna Shpet - iri-iri ne kawai a cikin jiki, kuma don samun amfanin gona mafi kyau yana buƙatar ƙarin pollination.
Mafi kyawun pollinators ga shi zai zama irin plums:
- Victoria;
- Renklod Altana;
- Catherine;
- Da farko;
- Washington;
- Gidan Hungary;
- Kirke;
- Renklod kore.
Anna Shast yana da 'ya'ya a kowace shekara da sosai. Amma ko da mafi tsire-tsire na shuka don samun irin wannan ƙwayar, kana buƙatar samar da kulawa mai kyau.
Dasa da kulawa
Zai fi dacewa shuka shuki a cikin bazara lokacin da duniya ta warwatse. Kafin dasa shuki ƙasa mai yalwaci dole ne lemun tsami. Yana da mahimmanci muyi la'akari da wuri na ruwan karkashin kasa. Don plums, matakin su bai zama mafi girma fiye da 1.5 m ba.
Don saukowa mafi kyawun zabi mai dumi, kariya, kullun wurareAlal misali, kusa da bangon gidan, kusa da shinge ko a gefen kudancin ganga. Plum jurewa ƙasa danshi da kuma son ba nauyi, loamy ƙasa.
Ana haƙa ramin rami zuwa zurfin kimanin 50-60 cm kuma tare da diamita na 70-80 cm Bayan shigar da furon dasa, 2/3 na rami ya cika da cakuda kwayoyin da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai (10-15 kg na humus da labanin superphosphate) daga saman launi na duniya.
A lokacin da dasa shuki ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa wuyar wuyansa na seedling ba ya shiga cikin ƙasa, kuma yana da 4-5 cm sama da ƙasa. An dasa itacen a hankali a cikin rami kuma an dasa shi a hankali, yana barin wata magunguna don ban ruwa a kusa da tushen.
Barrel a ɗaure da shi tare da igiya mai laushi ko fim. A kusa dole ne girma a kalla 2-3 pollinator iri.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, ba a hadu da seedling ba, kawai a shayar da shi, ta bushe da sako ƙasa. A farkon flowering game da 80% na furanni, yana da kyawawa don yanke don sauƙaƙe rayuwa tsari.
A shekara mai zuwa, a watan Yuni, zaka iya rike na farko na nitrogen. Kafin a fara farawa a cikin 'ya'yan itace, za'a yi amfani da itace sau uku a kowace kakar: a farkon watan Mayu, a cikin Yuni da kuma karshen watan Agusta.
Lokacin da 'ya'yan itace ya zama na yau da kullum, ana yin gyaran kafa na farko kafin fara flowering, na biyu - nan da nan a lokacin girbi na berries da na uku - bayan girbi.
Dabbobi iri-iri, suna faɗakar da su masu girma: Smoke, Hungarian Korneevskaya, Makircin Timiryazev, Renklod Altana, Renklod kamfanonin gama-gari, Renklod Soviet, Kroman, Kyautar Blue, Fara, Morning, Bolkhovchanka, Skoroplodnaya.
Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da bayani na urea, potassium superphosphate ko nitrophoska. Ana amfani da takin mai magani kawai a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, bayan haka an cire shi a hankali. A cikin fall nitrogen ƙara maye gurbin.
Kowace shekara, a lokacin kakar, bayan dajiyar ƙasa dole ne a sassauta, shayar da kyau da kyau tare da humus. Rubuta Anna Spet yiwuwa a ci gaba da ci gabawanda dole ne a cire.
Har ila yau, wani muhimmin hanya a kula da plum shine na kullum yawan watering da kuma dace pruning.
Na farko pruning ne da za'ayi a lokacin dasa: duk rassan an yanke zuwa 1/3 na tsawon. Bugu da ari, ana yin pruning a kowace shekara, a farkon spring.
Da farko, an cire rassan rassan da aka lalace da rassan da aka lalace. A lokacin da matasa ke raunana, su bar kawai mafi karfi da kuma kai tsaye. Ba za ku iya yanke babban adadin harbe da rassan lokaci ba. Zaka iya cirewa fiye da kashi huɗu na jimlar jimlar.
Lokacin da itacen ya kai 2-2.5 m, to sai ku fara farawa kambi. An yi rassan saman da dukkan rassan a tsaye, tare da karfi thickening - thinned.
Cututtuka da kwari
Daga manyan abubuwan da za a iya ganewa:
- matsakaita hunturu hardiness;
- haɓaka ga moniliosis da polystygnosis.
Hanyoyin iri iri na Anna Shpet ba su da matukar damuwa ga cututtuka irin su polysigmosis da moniliosis.
Polystigosis ko ja tabo - Wannan cututtukan fungal ne wanda ke shafar ganye na plum da ceri plum. Yana bayyana kansa a farkon lokacin rani, bayan ruwan sama mai tsanani, a cikin nau'i na kananan spots a kan ganye.
Wadannan spots girma sosai da sauri kuma dauki a kan orange farko da kuma a cikin haske ja launi. Idan ba a kula da shuka ba a lokaci, cutar zai iya haifar da cikakkiyar fall daga cikin ganyayyaki, wanda zai haifar da raunana bishiyar kuma ya rage juriya ta sanyi.
Kafin samun 'ya'yan itace, ana iya biyan itacen da aka lalace tare da cakuda Bordeaux ko fatsari na musamman. Bayan girbi, kaka, mai kyau yana taimakawa wajen shafe ganye da kuma ƙasa a ƙarƙashin itacen bishiyoyi masu kyau. Kuma tabbatar da cewa duk ganye da ya fadi dole ne a raked kuma kone su.
Moniliosis, wanda ya bambanta da wuri mai ja, bai shafi kwayoyin ba kawai, amma duk sassan shuka. Ya shafa ganye da harbe zama launin ruwan kasa da kuma bushe fita. A berries an rufe kananan launin toka growths kuma fara rot.
Matakan da za a magance wannan cuta suna cikin hanyoyi da yawa kamar maganin polysigmosis, kuma sun kasance cikin dace tsaftacewa na ganye pruning da waxannan cututtukan rassan da harbe; da kuma aiki itace tare da Bordeaux cakuda da fungicides.
Annabcin iri iri na Anna Shpet sau da yawa yana fama da lalacewa da lalacewa da kuma hare hare.
Sabili da haka, don hunturu ya kamata a yalwata kananan yara, kuma a cikin tsufa - a hankali rufe murfin tare da taimako na lokacin farin ciki lokacin farin ciki da aka nannade tare da maniyyi.
Wannan zai taimaka kare itacen ba kawai daga sanyi ba, har ma daga lalacewa ta hanyar hares da mice.
Duk da bayyanar da sabon nau'i na sababbin nau'o'in tsire-tsire wadanda ke da alaƙa ga cutar da sanyi, Anna Shpet ya dace da dasa shuki a dacha.
Lalle ne, idan aka kwatanta da amfani, babu rashin amfani da yawa.
