Don faɗi daidai yadda yawancin nau'in plums da ake samu a yanzu akwai kusan yiwuwar. An sani kawai cewa plum bai taba zama bishiya ba.
Ya bayyana a sakamakon sakamakon tsarin halitta na cerry plum da ƙaya a cikin Caucasus. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an rarraba shi a ko'ina.
Da yawa daga cikin iri suna bred by shahararrun shayarwa. Daya daga cikin halittun su shine "Zarechnaya farkon" plum.
Tarihin kiwo
Cibiyar Nazarin Rubuce-rubuce na Rukuniyar Rukuni na Rasha da Koma. I.V. Michurin ya yi asalin wannan nau'in. Marubucin G. A. Kursakov yayi aiki a kan halittarta. Sakamakon ya wuce dukkan gwaje-gwaje kuma an shigar da shi cikin rajista a shekara ta 1988. Zoned cikin kogin tsakiya na tsakiya.
Description iri dake Zarechnaya farkon
Tree srednerosly. Rashin kambi ba mai karfi ba ne, tare da raunuka, a cikin siffar kama da kwallon.
A kan kambi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin launin toka suna da karfi sosai. Ƙananan buds, dan kadan tapering a iyakar, rauni na harbe zuwa ga harbe.
Girman takarda yana sama da matsakaiciTare da matte gama, zurfi kore.
Fushin takalmin Oval a cikin siffar da nuna tip, kusan lebur. A gefen takardar ne leathery, santsi.
Gland ne ja, kadan, 1-2 a kan stalk leaf. Stalk m, lokacin farin ciki, matsakaici tsawon, sau da yawa tare da pigmentation. Kwayoyi a furanni sune fari, matsakaici, a cikin hulɗa da juna.
Sifofin sun fi guntu fiye da pistil. Lokacin da furanni suke a cikin tudu, suna kore. Kullun na flower shine kararrawa-dimbin yawa, greenish.
Hotuna
Za a iya gani tare da nau'in plum iri-iri "Zarechnaya farkon" a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Fasali na 'ya'yan itace
Wani fasali na iri-iri shine ya'yan itatuwa masu launin duhuwanda aka rufe shi da waxy shafi. Large plum size, daga 40 g zuwa 50 g. Nau'in plum yana zagaye ne ko zagaye-zagaye. Abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin kai da sutures na ciki suna bayyane a fili na tayin.
Sauran nau'o'in plums da manyan 'ya'yan itace shine Firefly, Hungarian Korneevskaya, Renklod Soviet, Farawa, Bolkhovchanka.
A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da ɗanɗanon dandano tare da ƙananan miki. Pulp ne mai yawa, launi mai launin rawaya. Bisa ga tsarinsa, yana da matukar muni, wanda aka kwatanta a dandanawa da maki 4.5. Daban-daban yana nufin tebur-fasaha.
Chemical abun da ke ciki:
- Mawuyacin abu - 16.83%;
- Sugar - 7.84%;
- Acid - 1.57%;
- Ascorbic acid - 3.5 MG / 100g;
- P-aiki abubuwa - 200 MG / 100g.
Halaye
Yawan amfanin wannan iri-iri yana da kyau.. Itacen bayan dasawa fara farawa 'ya'yan itace domin shekaru 3-4. Bayyanar 'ya'yan itace farawa, da ƙarshen Yuli. Da kowace shekara mai zuwa akwai karuwa a yawan amfanin ƙasa.
High sanyi juriya kamar itace da koda. Very unpretentious, kasar gona na yin haƙuri. Sai kawai ƙasa mai yumɓu mai nauyi zai iya haifar da daskarewa daga tushen, wanda baya baya zai haifar da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Tsakanin kashi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da kyauWannan ya ba ka damar amfani da 'ya'yan itace a cikin dafa abinci da canning.
Taimako! A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da kyau kwarai da kuma daukar nauyin inganci, amma saboda haka suna buƙatar cire daga reshe 5-6 kwanakin gaba.
Saukowa
Tare da duk abin da ya dace da itacen plum, dole ne a dasa sapling a yankin da aka zana iri-iri. Wannan zai tabbatar da kyakkyawan sakamako a nan gaba.
Plum yana son rana da sarari. Ko da tare da wani inuwa mai ban sha'awa daga cikin 'ya'yan itace, kuma ganye suna juya launin rawaya. Sabili da haka, dole ne a zabi wani wuri zuwa ƙasa bisa ga waɗannan bukatun.
Wannan al'ada ma ba zai iya tsayawa da iska ba. Gusts na iska na iya busa furanni, sa'annan ta hana rabi daga amfanin gona.
Mafi kyawun wurin saukowa yana kusa da bango na gidan ko shinge. Har ila yau bai dace da shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙananan ƙasa ba, don kauce wa tarawar iska mai sanyi.
An yi la'akari da yanayin ci gaba mafi kyau yashi da kuma haske porous loamy ƙasa. Matakan ruwan kasa bai zama ƙasa da mita 2 daga ƙasa ba. In ba haka ba, za ka iya yin kananan rawanuka don yalwa ruwa mai yawa.
Taimako! Idan yanda aka saka yashi ko yumbu a cikin ƙananan ƙasƙasa na ƙasa, to lallai kada ku dasa shudi a wannan kasa.
Tun da "Zarechnaya Early" itace tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, tsaka tsakanin gine-gine ko itatuwa masu makwabta dole ne a kalla mita 4.
Idan akai la'akari da cewa an adana iri-iri don yankin Black Soil, Dukansu fall da kuma bazara zai iya zama kyakkyawan lokaci don dasa.. Ramin don dasa itace ya kamata a shirya a gaba don 2-3 makonni. Anyi wannan ne domin yin amfani da takin mai magani ma'adinai na da lokacin da za a shirya.
Zurfin rami 60 cm, diamita ɗaya ne. Kafin dasa shukiyar itace a tsakiyar ramin, dole ne a fitar da gungumen azaba, a kusan kimanin nisa daga seedling na 15 cm.
Main saukowa:
- rami ya cika da ƙasa kawai, ba tare da haɗuwa ba;
- Ƙunƙashin wuyansa ya zama aƙalla 2-5 cm sama da ƙasa;
- bayan dasa shuki karamin karami an sanya shi a kusa da itacen don ingantaccen watering.
Kula
Bayan an shuka itacen sai a shayar da shi sosai. Buckets uku - mafi kyawun adadin dutsen daya.
Bayan makonni biyu, watering yana buƙatar maimaitawa. Banda shi ne saukowa a cikin bazara. Bada gagarumin ƙasa a lokacin da ruwan sama ya narke, watering na iya zama mafi tsaka.
Don ci gaba da ingancin 'ya'yan itacen a matakan da ya dace, buƙatar saka idanu da girma da harbewanda ke tsiro sosai a cikin plums.
Cire buƙatar otvodki maras so sau da yawa a wata. Cire rassan cututtuka da busassun rassan, da kuma daidaita nesa tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda ya kamata ya zama akalla 7 cm.
Muhimmanci! Don daidaita daidaitattun 'ya'yan itace, masana aikin gona suna ba da shawara akan rassan bishiyoyi a cikin shekara mai albarka.
Don hana rassan daga watsewa ƙarƙashin nauyin 'ya'yan itace, plums na bukatar goyon bayan musamman don tallafawa rassan rassan. Lokacin zabar madadin, yana da mahimmanci don kawar da fice tsakanin haushi. Don kaucewa wannan, dole ne a sanya rag ko roba a wuri na lamba.
A cikin ciyar da shekaru na farko bayan dasa shuki itace ba shi da bukatar. Abin sani kawai wajibi ne a ruwa a kai a kai. Watering ne da za'ayi sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 7-10. A shekara ta uku na rayuwar matasa, ya kamata Yi amfani da takin gargajiya daban-daban bisa ga wannan jadawalin:
- Mayu - 2 tbsp. l urea da lita 10 na ruwa
- june - 3 tbsp. l nitrophoska na lita 10 na ruwa,
- august - 2 tbsp. l superphosphate 10 lita na ruwa.
Pruning
Plum ba shi da yanayin dabi'a ga tsarin halitta na kambi, sabili da haka, musamman a buƙatar pruning. Yawancin lokaci, bushe, masu ciwo, da kuma rassan rassan da suka hana samun damar hasken rana. Pruning ne da za'ayi a cikin fall ko spring kafin farkon sap gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu.
Taimako! Abinda ya fi amfana zai zama cire wani babban reshe fiye da kananan ƙananan.
Lokacin da aka yanke, tsawon itacen da akwati dole ne a gyara.
An lura cewa kulawa da bishiyoyi masu sauƙi sun fi sauki fiye da tsayi. Suna da mafi kyawun samarwa, kuma suna jimre gashin sanyi mai sauƙi.
Daga kananan bishiyoyi ya fi sauƙin girbi kuma hasken rana ya shiga kowace reshe.
Cututtuka da kwari
"Zarechnaya farkon" iri-iri ne wanda ya dace da cututtukan cuta kuma yana da wuya a kai ga mamayewa. Amma matakan tsaro suna da daraja sosai.
Mafi yawan cututtuka na plum sune: bushiness, Bloom, moniliosis, gommoz, coccomycosis, tsatsa, scab.
Wuraren da ke shafi plum: hawthorn, mite 'ya'yan itace, tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire mai tsummoki, silkworm ringed.
Don rigakafin cutar Ana bada shawarar ayyuka masu zuwa:
- Binciken yau da kullum na itace don cututtuka.
- Tsaftace tsaftacewa da ƙonawa a karkashin bishiya.
- Hanyar kaucewa weeds a cikin keken keken.
- Spraying itacen a farkon spring tare da 3% Bordeaux cakuda.
Rigakafin lalacewar lalacewa daban-daban parasites:
- Gyara weeds da kuma fadi ganye.
- Digging a cikin fall na kasar gona a cikin pristvolnom da'irar.
- Sanya limw whitewashing a kan akwati.
- Ganye itace tare da kayan aiki na musamman a farkon spring.
The "Zarechnaya Early" plum ne sosai unpretentious, sanyi-resistant da sauki-kula iri-iri. Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa da rashin kulawa suna sanya iri-iri da yawa a cikin lambu.
