Girbi da hunturu-Hardy pear iri-iri "Hera": bayanin da hoto

Pear, ba kamar itacen apple ba, kwanan nan ba haka ba ne. Dalilin shi ne yanayin sanyi mai zurfi na wannan al'ada.

Amma a tsawon lokaci, sababbin iri sun cika wannan rata. Hanyoyin iri iri "Hera" shine sabon ƙwararrun masu shayarwa na Rasha.

Wane irin ne?

Daban-daban iri ne don kallon hunturu, cikakke cikakke na 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka cimma bayan rabin rabin watan Satumba. Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma mai tsayayya sosai ga sanyi. Bishiyar matsakaiciyar tsawo, 'ya'yan itatuwa na manufar duniya.

Yawan hunturu sun hada da Janairu, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya, da Fairy.

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

"Hera" yana da bayyanar da nau'i biyu na iyaye "Reale Turin"kuma"Dauda Dawn".

An samo iri-iri a Cibiyar Nazarin Rubuce-rubucen Kasuwanci ta Rukuni na Kasa da Rubuce-tsire na Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire Michurin, tare da sa hannun masu marubuta kamar su S.P. Yakovlev, A.P. Gribanovsky, N.I. Saveliev da M.Yu. Akimov.

Ya hada da a cikin Jihar Register na yankin Black Black yankin.

A wannan yanki, irin wadannan nau'o'in na da kyau: Duschess, Ressoshanskaya Dessert, Muscovite da Cosmic.

Pear "Hera": bayanin irin iri-iri da hotuna

Girman tsayin daka yana da neat kananan kambi, kunkuntar-pyramidal siffar. Fruiting mixed, kamar yadda a kan shekara-shekara twigs, kuma a kan perennial.

Harbe madaidaiciya, matsakaici kauri, halayyar launin ruwan kasa launi, ba su mallaka hairiness. Chechevichek a kan akwati kadan. M buds tam guga man zuwa gangar jikin, da siffar tasowa da matsakaici size. Ganye suna mai lankwasa, duhu kore, dan kadan-mai siffa.

Girman farantin launi yana da matsakaici, akwai ƙananan ɗakuna a gefen gefen, a ƙarshe akwai ƙananan ƙarami. Gilashin takardar yana da haske kuma mai santsi. Cikin gadon yana da matsakaici a cikin tsayi da kuma kauri.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna dauke da manyan. Matsayin su nauyin nauyi daga 180 g zuwa 250 g. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na ainihi, mai santsi da fadi-pear. Fata na 'ya'yan itace m, da ɗan bushe kuma yana da matsakaicin kauri.

Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa za su iya fariya da Krasnobokaya, Elena, Victoria da Lel.

Launi yana gauraye, kore ne babban launi na 'ya'yan itace, murfin murfin launin ja, akwai tashar da aka ƙera. Sakamakon shi ne ƙyallewa, ƙananan size.

Jigun hanji ne ƙananan ko kusan wanda ba a iya gani ba. Koyar na pear ya bude, saucer ba ya fada, girman saucer shine matsakaici. Zuciyar ƙananan ne, siffar siffar. Ana samun tsaba na Brown a ƙwayoyin sel masu rufe.

Pulp 'ya'yan itatuwa na wannan sa lafiya-grained, yana da wani inuwa mai haske. Tsarin shine ma'auni kuma mai laushi. Dama 'ya'yan itace mai dadi da m, tare da babban abun ciki na ruwan 'ya'yan itace tare da ƙanshi mai haske. A kan sikelin biyar, ƙirar Hera ta kasance an kiyasta a maki 4.3.

Iri-iri-nau'in pears "Hera" bayanin irin sinadarin sunadarai:

Don ƙarin bayani game da iri-iri da kuma ganin pears "Hera" na iya zama a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:

Halaye

'Ya'yan itace akan itacen cire daga mako na uku na Satumba. Ainihi da kuma cikakke nauyin "Hera" zai fara bada 'ya'ya Gudun shekaru 4-5.

RUWA: 'Ya'yan wannan iri-iri a cikin yanayin ajiya mai kyau bazai iya rasa hajar kasuwancin su zuwa kwanaki 160 ba.

Da iri-iri ne daban Kyakkyawan amfanin ƙasa kuma kusan rinjaye zuwa sanyi. A karkashin yanayin gwaje-gwaje na daskarewa na wucin gadi, nau'ikan da za su iya fuskantar yawan zafin jiki na -38 ° C. Ƙananan lalacewar kimanin maki 1.8 da aka gani kawai a rassan shekara-shekara.

Ana nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa da irin wadannan nau'ikan: Bere Bosk, Cathedral, Noyabrskaya da Maki Efimova.

Haɗin haihuwa na Gera yana da ragu sosai. Don cikakke ovary a kan shafin Dole ne a sami wasu nau'o'in pear ga pollination.

Amma idan kun yi nau'i biyu ko uku na wasu iri a kan itace guda, to, zai iya yin sauƙi ba tare da masu binciken pollinators ba.

A kan batun da ake bukata na ƙasa ga yanayin da ban ruwa, ana gwada iri-iri.

Dasa da kulawa

A Rasha, a yankuna da yanayin yanayi, yana da al'adar shuka kaya. a lokacin kaka. Dole a zabi wurin da za a dasa shi sosai a hankali, saboda cewa pear itace itace mai tsayi sosai.

Nisa daga shinge, gine-gine ko wasu bishiyoyi ya kamata ba kasa da mita uku ba kuma mafi ya fi kyau.

Muhimmiyar: Matasa matasa ba su tsira da kyau kuma sunyi sannu a hankali na shekaru biyu na farko. Wannan shi ne sakamakon mummunar tushen tsarin.

Gilashin rami ya kamata akalla mita daya zurfi kuma kimanin 80 cm a diamitazai iya zama mafi. Idan shafin yana cike da ƙasa sandy, to, ta gauraye da humus da 2-3 buckets na peat. Mafi pear tsiro a kan loam tare da ƙari na ƙasa baƙar fata.

Yana da al'ada don shirya rami a mako kafin zuwan tasowa. Ya kamata a yi humus da yashi m a daidai sassa, game da buckets biyu, da uku tablespoons. l potassium sulfate.

Takin da ake amfani da takin mai magani yana da kyau tare da kasar gona don saukewa da kuma zuba buckets biyu na ruwa. Bayan kwanaki 6-7, rami yana shirye-shirye don dasa shukin itace.

Wata na fari itace yana buƙatar watering mai kyau har sai an cika shi cikakke. Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar farko, pear yana buƙatar yin amfani da kwarewa a cikin babban filin.

A nan gaba, nau'in nau'in pear "Hera" baya buƙatar yawan watering, kamar yadda tushen sa zasu iya cire ruwan hako mai kyau daga ƙasa. Iyakar abincin shine lokutan fari. Abubuwa mai yawa ya zama sau uku a lokacin bazara, kafin flowering, a lokacin da ake amfani da 'ya'yan itace da kaka a watan Oktoba.

RUWA: Pear "Hera" ba yana da buƙatar tsaftacewa, kamar sauran nau'in. Samun kambi yana faruwa ne a cikin hanyar halitta kuma yana bukatar kawai ƙaramin gyare-gyare.

An yi pean pruning bisa ga makircin wannan:

1. Tunawa manyan rassan rassan don cikakken hasken rana zuwa dukkan rassan.
2. Domin itace ba ya shimfiɗawa sosai, an yanke katako zuwa kashi ɗaya.
3. Dole a yi wa wuraren da aka yanke su da kayan aiki na musamman.
4. Dukkan waxannan cututtuka ko rassan rassan ya kamata a cire, da wadanda suke girma a kusurwar dama.
5. Ya kamata a yi katsewa a gindin rassan, babu buƙatar barin hagu.

Tun da "Hera" yana da iri-iri masu nauyin sanyi, Ba ya buƙatar babban tsari don hunturu. Sai kawai matasa saplings bukatar kulawa na musamman.

Da farko na yanayin sanyi, ana nuna su da spruce rassan da dusar ƙanƙara. A matsayinka na mulkin, wannan ya isa. Dole ne a rufe dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara a yankin kusa da gefen itacen.

Winter-hardy iri sun hada da: Rogneda, Svetlyanka, Sverdlovchanka da Samara Beauty.

Cututtuka da kwari

"Hera" yana da matukar juriya ga irin wannan cututtukakamar yadda //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, septoriosis da antomosporiosis. Amma waɗannan ba cututtuka ne da zasu iya shafar itacen pear ba.

1. Black ciwon daji Idan akwai shan kashi na ganye, rassan, kambi da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
2. Monilioz. Pear 'ya'yan itatuwa rot dama a kan rassan.
3. Kwayoyin cuta ba. Kashewar itacen, wanda ya kai ga mutuwarsa.
4. Cytosporosis. Lokacin da cutar ta zama ja, haushi ya bushe.
5. Mealy dew. An bayyana a cikin nau'i na farin Bloom a kan harbe da ganye.
6. Rust. Ya kai ga ma farkon fall foliage.
7. Milky haske. Yana rinjayar yawancin 'ya'yan da suka mutu a kan reshe.

Musamman mawuyacin maganganun parasites a cikin iri-iri sun gano. Ba'a bugun kwayar cutar ba kawai ta hanyar cututtuka ba, har ma ta hanyar kwari mai rai a jikin itace.

1. Ƙananan asu. Kayan dabbobi na wannan kwayar cutar suna amfani da 'ya'yan itacen pear.
2. Green aphid. Ana lalata ganye kuma yana inganta ci gaban naman gwari.
3. Listoblashka. Karfin rinjayar, har zuwa lalacewar, duk sassa na itacen.
4. Listovertka. Ya zabi mazaunin ganyayyaki, yada su a cikin bututu.
5. Pear mite Cunkushe sap daga foliage ya rushe al'ada girma da ci gaban itacen.

Ana daukar matakai masu zuwa don magance cututtukan cututtuka da kuma halakar da ƙwayoyin cuta:

• Kusar ganye a cikin kaka an cire kuma kone su, tun da yake a kan shi kusan dukkanin kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cututtuka na cutar sun shafe.
• Yin aiki na itace tare da lemun tsami zai kare kariya daga kwari a kan haushi.
• Yin dubawa na musamman na itace a lokacin tsawon lokacin, farawa a farkon spring kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen kaka.
• Yin jiyya na da'irar kututturen kwayar bayani na urea da kuma cikakken digging.

A ganowar kadan na cutar don gudanar da spraying game da cutar ko kwaro. Don rigakafi, zaka iya bi da itacen a cikin bazara, lokacin rani da kaka tare da kwari.

Pear "Hera" yana da kyau ga rashin lafiyarta da kwanciyar hankali. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, zai yi farin ciki da 'ya'yan itatuwa mai ban sha'awa ba tsara guda ba.