Kowannenmu yana so ya sami kyakkyawan itacen fir a kan mãkirci. Duk da haka, wannan itacen yana da matukar damuwa kuma yana da alamun cututtuka da yawa. Don girma da kyau, tsayi, lush spruce, kana bukatar ka sanya mai yawa kokarin. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine kulawa mai kyau. A cikin wannan labarin zamu tattauna abin da za a iya haifar da cututtuka da cututtuka na gandun dajin daji.
Shin kuna sani? Spruce ke tsiro a Sweden, wanda ya fi shekaru 9550.
Dalili na faruwar cututtuka, ko kurakurai masu yawa a kula da spruces
Babban cututtuka na spruce suna haifar da fungi, cututtuka ko kwari. Babban sanadin matsalar cututtuka na conifers shine dasa shuki mara kyau, yanayin yanayi mara kyau da kulawa, sakamakon abin da zamu fuskanta:
- ƙasa tare da ruwa mai rikitarwa;
- high acidity na kasar gona;
- yawancin shuke-shuken, wanda ya haifar da rashin iska mai yawa da haifuwa daga fungal;
- rashin haske;
- ƙara yawan iska zafi;
- zurfi mai zurfi;
- rashin ciyayi ko ƙari;
- da karfi rage yawan zafin jiki yana kaiwa ga mutuwar kananan plantings;
- Rashin ruwa shi ne sanannun lamarin da ke haifar da asarar shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan an dasa shuki na spruce a cikin wuri mai bushewa, to dole ne a ci gaba da ƙasa a kusa da shuka.
Babban cututtuka sun ci abinci da kuma hanyoyin maganin su
Yi la'akari da abin da cututtuka na conifers da kuma yadda aka magance su. Spruce cututtuka suna mafi sau da yawa lalacewa ta hanyar fungi da ƙasa pathogens. Daga cikin dukan cututtuka da suka ci, itace ya fi sauƙi ga schütte, fusarium, ciwon daji. A halin yanzu, cututtuka na conifers ba haka ba ne mummuna, saboda haka mun gane su kuma mu bi da su bisa ga waɗannan sharuɗɗan.
Schutte (talakawa)
Sakon yana haifar da nau'in jinsunan Lophodermium pinastri. Akwai wata cuta a watan Mayu. Idan ka lura cewa browning na needles ci, wannan shyutte ne. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar, an rufe ɓangaren ƙwayoyin buƙata da ƙwayoyi masu launin baƙin ciki mai siffar jiki ko ƙaddamarwa, wanda ya karu a girman da lokaci. Daga bisani, injin ya bushe ya mutu. Wani cututtuka mai hatsarin gaske shine ga matasa shuke-shuke (har zuwa shekaru 10) da kuma seedlings.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da yaduwar cututtukan cututtuka na spruce sune yanayi mai dumi da ruwan sama mai yawa (dew, ruwan sama).
Real shyutte
Ma'anar wannan schutte shine Lophodermium seditiosum naman kaza. A sakamakon wannan cututtuka, needles sunyi fada a baya a spruce. Za a shafa saplings a cikin ɗakunan shan magani da kuma raunana shuke-shuke. A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, ƙwayoyin suna juya launin ruwan kasa da crumble.
A cikin kaka, ƙananan launin rawaya suna fitowa a kan needles, sannu-sannu sukan kara girma kuma sun zama launin ruwan kasa a launi. An adana naman gwari a cikin allurar baƙi.
Shin kuna sani? Dangane da rarraba fiɗa a cikin itace, an dauke spruce itace mafi kyau don yin kayan kida.
Brown shyutte
Wanda yake wakilta na schutte na launin ruwan kasa, ko kuma mai dusar ƙanƙara, shine naman ginin Irpotrichia nigra. Haka kuma cutar tana faruwa a wurare da yawa: kamuwa da cuta tare da spores na fungi fara a cikin kaka, ci gaban cutar ya faru a hunturu a karkashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara a yanayin zafi sama da 0.5 ° C. Haka kuma cutar tana nuna kanta a cikin bazara tare da hawan snow.
Alamar cutar ita ce bayyanar launuka na launin ruwan kasa na launin baki da na launin ruwan kasa, kamar kamannin gizo-gizo, da kuma lokacin sakin jikin jikin naman gwari. Ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi sun mutu, buƙatun bazai daɗe ba. Tsarin bishiyoyi, masu salo da tsinkayen kansu suna ƙarƙashin cutar. Ƙara yawan zafi na iska, tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire a yanayin ci gaban shine ainihin mahimman abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga jigon fungi.
Snowy shyutte
Dandalin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara shi ne ƙwayar naman gin-gizen Clacidiumin, wadda ta saba da kyau a cikin yankunan da aka yi dusar ƙanƙara. Ci gaba da cutar ta fara a karkashin snow a yanayin zafi a kusa da 0 ºC. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a hankali: daga allura zuwa allura, sa'an nan kuma daga itace zuwa bishiyar. Da dusar ƙanƙara ta narkewa, allurar da aka shafa da rassan sun zama launin ruwan kasa kuma sun mutu. Ciwon sikila an rufe shi da fim din mycelium. 
A lokacin rani, ƙwayoyi suna canza launi daga ja-ja zuwa launin toka mai haske, za su fara crumble, amma kada ka yi crumble. A cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin baki suna bayyana a kan needles. Sukan cike da fungi daga waɗannan matakan suna dauke da iskar ruwa don dasa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi waɗanda ba a taɓa shafa ba kafin dusar ƙanƙara. Hasken haske, dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara, rani mai tsawo, dusar ƙanƙara da kuma narkewa a cikin kaka yana da sakamako mai kyau akan yaduwar namomin kaza.
Yana da muhimmanci! Spores na fungi na jimre na dogon lokaci a cikin shuke-shuke da ke ƙasa da matattu, sabili da haka, a lokacin da aka dasa shuki daga shuke-shuke, yin amfani da kwayoyi a hankali.Matakan da za a magance schutte shine su zaba tsirrai masu lafiya waɗanda suke da tsayayya ga cutar, kafin su farawa da kuma shayar da bishiyoyin Conifer tare da furotin masu dacewa, da kayan ado na jan ƙarfe da kuma sulfur.
Fusarium (tracheomycous wilt)
Tracheomic wilting tana nufin cututtukan cututtuka da ke haifar da cututtuka. Shuka tushen tsarin da aka shafi: da tushen juya launin ruwan kasa da kuma fara rot. Maganin naman gwari yana lalata tsarin tsarin sutura, wanda sakamakon abin da kayan gina jiki ba su kai ga sashi na shuka ba. 
Saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da needles sun zama ja, sa'an nan launin ruwan kasa, gushe, kuma itacen ya bushe ya mutu. Kwayoyin coniferous suna mai saukin kamuwa da cutar a karkashin yanayin sanyi mai sanyi. Sakamakon cutar shine launin launin toka-fata a kan allura. Ma'aikata masu cuta na cutar sun ci gaba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma suna yada su tare da seedlings ko suka shafi ƙasa.
Fusarium ba za a iya magance shi ba, bayan 'yan shekaru da tsire-tsire suka mutu. Don hana tracheomycosis, wajibi ne don dasa shuke-shuke masu kyau, a cire cire sassan shuke-shuke. Tare da bayyanar alamu na farko na kamuwa da cuta, ana bi da su tare da ilimin halittu ko furotin.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin fall, bishiyoyin Kirsimeti sun zubar da hanyarsu.
Rust
Kwayoyin cututtuka na fir suna da matsayi na musamman a cikin dukan cututtuka wadanda ke da alamun su, kuma maganin su ya kamata a kawar da namomin kaza Pucciniastrum isolatum, Coleosporium, Cronartium ribicola, wanda kuma yana shafar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Mafi yawan mai saukin kamuwa ga cututtuka irin su tsatsa na kwari da tsatsa na needles.
Rust na cones yana haifar da ƙwayar tsire-tsiren Pucciniastrum isolatum. Alamar cutar ita ce bayyanar a cikin bango na ciki na kwakwalwa na zagaye na launin ruwan kasa da ethosiopustul. Daga bisani, buds suna budewa kuma suna rataya ba tare da sun fadi ba, tsaba sunyi asarar germination, rassan sun lalace. 
Dalilin tsatsa tsatsa shi ne ƙwayar naman kaza Coleosporium. Cutar cuta ta tasowa a cikin idon ruwa, ta buge needles. An sanya jigon yarinya jaune a bangarorin biyu na needles. Idan tsire-tsire yana da mummunar tasiri, da needles canza launin su daga kore zuwa rawaya da kuma fada a kashe.
Idan tsatsa ya fito a kan spruce, dole ne a magance shi, kamar yadda yake tare da wasu cututtuka masu funga. Haka kuma an bada shawara don yanke rassan da aka lalace da kuma yin microfertilizers.
Necrosis na bawo
Necrosis na haushi shine cututtukan fungal na haushi na rassan. Bayyanar cututtuka na cutar: darkening da bushewa na haushi, da samuwar growths na brick-launin ko duhu kananan kumfa. A sakamakon haka, haushi ya mutu, kuma itacen ya ɓace.
Gishiri mai laushi
Wani mai laushi mai launin toka shi ne mai naman kaji Botrytis cinerea. Haka kuma cutar tana shafar sassan shuke-shuke na matasa. Rassan sune launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko baki. An rufe tare da conidia cewa kama da Layer na turbaya. Sake kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ya ci gaba yayin ci gaban. 
A sakamakon haka, bishiyoyi sun raunana kuma sun rasa bayyanar su. Yawancin lokaci, cutar ta kasance a cikin yankunan da tsire-tsire, matattun rana da breathability.
Matakan tsaro don hana ƙwayar launin toka - wannan shine farkon cire matakan da suka shafi shafuka, lalacewar wuraren da aka yanke tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate. Idan kayi tunanin yadda za a bi da conifers ga cututtuka kamar ma'auni mai kariya, Bordeaux cakuda "Skor" yana da kyau magani.
Ciwon daji ya ci
Spruce ciwon ciwon daji ya sa naman gwari Lachnellula pini. Alamar kamuwa da cuta shine bayyanar tar a kan rassan. Yawancin lokaci, yankunan da aka kashe sun mutu a yankunan da aka tara, to, ɓawon burodi ya rufe abubuwan da ke ciki, kuma an rufe ko bude budewa. Rashin rassan rassan ya mutu ba tare da samuwar ulcers ba.
Ƙararren ƙura zai iya zama bushe da rigar. Wadannan busassun suna kama da ƙananan matuka masu launin launin ruwan kasa. Kaɗa kamar saucer a kan wani ɗan gajeren kafa, wanda za a iya gani a sama da haushi. Maƙarar suna rufe launin ruwan kasa tare da orange, zagaye na hymenial. Tsire-tsire masu ciwo da ciwon daji, raunana kuma bushe.
Babban ma'auni a kan yaki da ciwon daji yana shayarwa a karkashin tushen furotin, aiki tare da magunguna masu dauke da jan karfe, dacewa da tsaftacewa na rassan rassan, aiki na cuts tare da farar ƙasa. Rashin kamuwa da rassan da kuma needles.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a cire magungunan rashin lafiya da sassansu daga makircinsu.
Cututtuka sun ci: rigakafin cutar
Zaka iya hana cututtuka na bishiyoyi da magani ta hanyar gudanar m matakan. Yi biyayya da ka'idodin dasa shuki da kuma sanya kayan bishiyoyi, datsa kuma cire tumatir da kamuwa da harbe da kuma needles daga shafin a lokaci. Tabbatar da cire sassan sassa. Don dasa shuki, yi amfani da tsire-tsire lafiya da tsayayye.
Cututtuka yafi shafi matasa, ba bishiyoyi balaga. Don ƙara juriya ga kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ciwo, ana amfani da kwayoyi, ƙwayoyi mai mahimmanci da ke ƙara yawan rigakafi. Ka tuna, inji ya kamata ya sami lada cikin matsakaici. Yin yaduwa a hankali zai taimaka wajen guje wa cutar da mutuwa ta shuka.
