Calathea (lat. Calathea) wani gida ne ornamental na iyalin marant.
Calathea yana da kyau sosai tare da masu shuka furanni saboda ƙari da launin fata.
Kayan da aka zana suna cike da alamu masu ban sha'awa na ratsi da kuma ɓoye daban-daban na launin kore da launin ruwan kasa.
Amma kamar kowane kyakkyawa, Calathea yana da matukar farin ciki kuma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Shuka shi ba sauki.
Saboda haka, kafin kafa wannan furen a cikin ɗakinka yana da kyau don ka fahimci ka'idodin kulawa da shi.
Calathea yana da yawancin iri, daga cikinsu shahararrun su ne: Calathea Crocat (Saffron), Calathea Makoya, Calathea Wicha, Calathea Zebrovidna, Calathea Medallion.
Bayanin shuka
Calathea "Medallion" nan da nan ya janye ido ga kansa. Wannan itace mai kyau sosai tare da rubutu na musamman. Its ganye suna da launi biyu: ɓangaren su na da duhu ne tare da nauyin tsabar kudi na azurfa a duk fadin, kuma sashin ƙananan shine m.
Wannan iri-iri yana da karfin gaske. Da safe, a cikin hasken rana, sassan launi suna gangarawa ƙasa, kuma a maraice suna tashi sama, kamar yadda furen ke nuna launin fata na asali.
Hotuna
Za a iya gani tare da Calathea "Medallion" a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Kulawa na gida
Bari muyi cikakken bayani game da tsarin kulawa a gida na Calatea Medallion.
A ina ya fi girma?
Irin wannan calathea ne mai tausayi. Saboda haka, ana bada shawarar "Medallion" girma a gida a ɗakin dakin da yake da zafi tare da matsanancin zafi.
Ba lallai ba ne don sanya fure a kan baranda a lokacin rani ko kuma kai shi zuwa gonar don iska mai tsabta.
Tsire-tsire-tsire
Akwai mai yawa rigingimu kan ko yana da daraja yanke ingancin don samar da kambi mai laushi ko a'a.
Taimako! Calatheum yana buƙata a yanke shi kawai a lokacin dasawa. In ba haka ba, furen zai iya mutuwa!
Lokacin da aka dasa daga shuka, wajibi ne a yanke tsohon da dried ganye, baza a taɓa dasu ba. Cikula (ruwan wukake) wanda za'a yayyafa dole ne a rarraba shi a hydrogen peroxide.
Haskewa
Tsarin yana bukatar isasshen haske. Haske ya zama mai laushi, ya yada. A lokacin rani, wajibi ne don inuwa ta fure, ba don ƙyale hasken rana kai tsaye a kai ba.
Sunburns dauke ganyen ganye, rufe su surface tare da launin ruwan kasa spots.
Rashin haske yana iya rinjayar launi na launi daban-daban na ganye. - suna zama kore daya kuma sun rasa duk kayan ado.
A cikin hunturu, Calathea Medallion na bukatar karin haske mai wucin gadi.
Fitilar fitilu na lantarki, wanda zai kara haske rana na shuka, zai dace da wannan.
Kalatea mafi kyau sanya a kusa da taga dake fuskantar gabas ko yamma.
Zazzabi
Yana da furen thermophilic ne kawai. Mafi yawan zazzabi a lokacin rani shine 20-24 digiri, a cikin hunturu - 18-20. Wajibi ne don kauce wa canje-canje na canji a cikin zafin jiki da kuma zane wanda Calathea bai yi haƙuri ba.
Watering
Rashin wucewa da rashin ruwa yana da haɗari sosai ga ƙarancin calathea. Saboda haka, ya kamata ku bi ma'auni. A yanayin zafi, watering yana da yawanci kuma ana aikata nan da nan, da zarar saman Layer na ƙasa ya bushe. A cikin hunturu - m sau da yawa, sau ɗaya a mako guda.
Don hana damuwa daga danshi a cikin tukunya, dole ne a dasa shuki a fure a cikin ƙasa mai laushi.
A cikin zafi na shuka kana buƙatar ka sha ruwa sau da yawa tare da ruwa mai dumi.
Taimako! Kamar kowane tsire-tsire na iyalin maranths, Calathea sun kasance masu daukan nauyin zafi. Sabili da haka, a lokacin rani, yana da kyau a sanya ɗakin furanni tare da furanni a kan pallet tare da yumɓu mai yumɓu mai yaduwa!
Dasa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire
Gwargwadon ci gaban lafiyar Calathea "Medallion" da yawancin albarkatunsa shi ne matakan da aka zaɓa.
Kwararrun masu shuka sun bada shawara akan wannan abun da ke ciki:
- ƙasa ganye - 2 hours;
- yashi - 1 awa;
- peat - 2 hours
Don yin sassaƙar ƙasa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin gawayi za'a iya karawa a ƙasa.
A kasan tukunya an sanya takarda na fadada yumɓun fadada.
Saukewa dashi harms calathea.
An shuka shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya kowace shekara 2;
Sake fure sosai a hankali, ƙoƙari kada ya lalata tushen tsarin.
Yana da kyau a yi amfani da "hanyar canja wuri" (tsohuwar earthen clod a kusa da tushen ba a lalacewa ba, amma an sanya shi a cikin wani sabon tukunya, ana kwantar da shi a cikin sabon tukunya).
Gilashin ya kamata ya dace da tsarin tushen. Hanyoyin da yawa zasu iya haifar da murmushi na cakudawar ƙasa da tushen rot.
Lokacin mafi dacewa don transplanting shi ne marigayi spring.
Taimako! Kada a yi lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa don Calathea ba'a! Wannan ya kamata a la'akari da shi lokacin da sayen cakudaccen shirye-shiryen a cikin shagon.
Kiwo
Zaka iya fadada calathea a hanyoyi guda uku:
- Rhizome rabo. Yawancin lokaci wannan hanya ana amfani dashi don dasa shuki.
An raba rhizome zuwa sassa da dama tare da wuka ko hannayensu. Dole ne kowane tsari yana da ƙwayoyi da yawa. Bayan rabuwa, an dasa kowane tsari a ƙasa mai haske wanda ya kunshi peat da yashi (1: 1).Kwangwani masu tasowa da aka rufe tare da jakar filastik ko gilashin gilashi don haifar da tasirin greenhouse da kuma sanya shi a wuri mai dumi. Cire shagon bayan bayyanar ganye na farko.
- Cuttings. Hanyar haifuwa ta yin amfani da cututtura da aka yi amfani da shi a mafi sau da yawa.
Don haka, an sanya cututtuka kimanin 12-15 cm tare da nau'i guda da yawa a cikin yashi-peat cakuda (1: 1) kuma an sanya shi a wuri mai dumi, an rufe shi da polyethylene ko kuma a saman.Yanke cututtukan dole ne a dushe tare da carbon kunnawa don kauce wa juyawa. An cire kayan wankewa bayan tsayar da shuka.
- Tsaba. Kalatea za a iya watsa shi da tsaba.
Don haka, an sanya tsaba a ƙasa, an guga ta da gilashi da hagu don makonni da yawa har zuwa germination.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci gilashi ya tashi don samun iska. An sanya tsaba da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa (1 cm).
Ana shuka tsire-tsire iri iri a cikin kananan tukwane.
Wannan hanya ne mai wuya rikitarwa, musamman ga novice florists. Tsaba ba koyaushe tsiro, yawancin seedlings ba su da rauni kuma sun mutu, don haka yana da kyau a yi amfani da hanyoyi biyu na haifuwa na Calathea.
Taki
Ginin yana bukatar ciyar. Don wannan takalmin ruwa yana dace da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsirrai. Calatheu an hadu a cikin lokacin rani-rani 1 a cikin kwanaki 10-15, a cikin hunturu ba fiye da sau ɗaya a wata ba.
Cututtuka
Bayyana launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye
Wannan yakan faru ne saboda dalilai biyu: kunar rana a jiki da kuma waterlogging. Yana da shawara ga priteni Kalatu kuma canza yanayin yanayin watering.
Dry da kuma rufe ganye
Rashin fari, rashin ruwa, rashin iska mai zafi. Yana da yawa wajibi ne don yad da shuka tare da dumi da tsaftace ruwan, saboda ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi na iya kasancewa hanyar gefuna a gefe.
Dole ne a cire ganye a bushe daga flower. Dole a yanke yanke gefuna sosai, a hankali, don kada ya cutar da ɓangaren rayuwa na takardar.
Idan furen ya bushe, kada ku yi sauri don jefa shi, cire tushen daga tukunya kuma duba su.
Idan tushen sun kasance sabo ne da lafiya, sun dasa su a cikin sabon akwati, ruwa da ƙasa kuma bayan wani lokaci sai sabon sprouts zai bayyana.
Yara da kuma juya ganye kuma magana na kwaro lalacewa by thrips..
Kuna buƙatar duba da hankali a cikin takardar. Idan an sami muni, bi da shuka tare da kowane maganin kwari.
Yellow ganye
Haske mai haske a cikin dakin ko shuka yana fama da zane. Place Calathea zurfi a cikin dakin kuma tsayar da hali.
Jarabawa
Mafi sau da yawa, Calathea "Medallion" an kai hari ne da tsutsagiran gizo-gizo da kuma thrips. Sakamakon waɗannan kwari masu lalacewa suna haifar da iska mai zurfi a cikin dakin. Ana iya ganin cututtuka na lahani tare da ido mara kyau:
- Gizo-gizo mite - babban adadin launi na fari na bakin ciki ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, tsire-tsire ya bushe kuma ya bushe, ganyayyaki sun fadi;
- Thrips - yawanci suna zaune ne a cikin launi na ciki, suna cin su daga ciki. Da farko, wani haske mai haske ya bayyana a gefen takardar, tare da lokaci yana canza launi, ya bushe, ya ɓoye, ya zama rami.
Hanyar magance cutar : shafe ganyen shuka tare da ruwa mai tsabta (ruwa, sabin wanke wanki), to, ku bi da duk wani kwari. Bayan aiki, dole ne a ciyar da fure (bayan kwanaki 5-6).
Calatea ba shi da sauki, amma duk kokarin zai biya lokacin da wannan kyakkyawar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ta tsiro a cikin gidanka.
