Laurel - tsire-tsire, wadda aka kafa a lokacin Tertiary - kuma, a fili, mafi girma fiye da bil'adama.
Ka'idodin da ke kewaye da wannan itace-daji, don daidaitawa da tsufa: wannan shine kayan don samun nasara ga masu nasara da wasu manyan mutane (saboda haka kalmar "laureate"), wannan kuma "fuse" daga fushin Zeus - aikin walƙiya, da kuma abokiyar aboki na har abada a cikin dukan zane na Apollo.
Tsohon imani an saka su a cikin wadannan labaru ba da zarar ba, saboda laurel a cikin yanayi an rarraba kawai a cikin yankunan da manyan al'ada na zamanin da - a cikin Rum. Yana tsiro a cikin Yankin Krasnodar.
Duk da haka, laurel - shuke-shuke mara kyau al'adun da ba a damu ba, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin gonar lambu - a wa annan wurare inda yawancin yanayin zafi ya bambanta a cikin siffar zane.
Yadda za a shuka itacen laurel, shuka haifuwa, kulawa gida don laurel, cututtuka da hotuna - duk wannan kuma ba'a karanta kawai a cikin labarinmu ba.
Kula a gida da cikin gonar
Kula da kula da itace laurel a cikin gida da kuma a filin bude shi wajibi ne a lura da wasu maki. Yi la'akari da su a cikin dalla-dalla.
Haskewa
Laurel - tsire-tsire ne mai wuya; zai iya girma tare da haske mai yawa, amma mafi kyawun duk zai bunkasa - kuma, haka ma, zai zama reshe mai haske - a cikin haske, mafi yawa ya watsu, haske. Ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga haskakawar hasken rana.
Zazzabi
Kafin ka fara laurel a gida, kana buƙatar sanin cewa mafi kyau lokacin rani zazzabi shine daga 18 zuwa 20 digiri da kuma hunturu - daga 10 zuwa 15 digiri.
Lavra yana rayuwa mafi kyau a sararin samaniya - a kan baranda, a cikin kotu ko a cikin ƙasa, ciki har da a cikin shekara - idan yanayin hunturu ya kasance a + 5-6.
TAMBAYA: yanayin zafi ba tare da yanayin haɗari ba, kuma rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa -10-12 ° C laurel zai iya tsayayya kawai dan gajeren lokaci.
Ground
Don girma laurel a gida da kuma a filin bude, kana buƙatar shirya cakudaccen ƙasa - wannan gona ne na gona, ƙasa ta duniya daga kantin sayar da kayan abinci ko kwakwalwa mai gina jiki tare da tsaka tsaki, dafa shi da kansa ta amfani da ɗayan girke-girke masu zuwa:
- wani ɓangare na takardar, iri ɗaya na sod sodiya da humus tare da ƙari na biyu sassa na kogin yashi;
- yankuna biyu na sod sodiya da kuma kowace kowace kasa - ganye ƙasa, humus, peat da yashi tare da kara da cewa itace ash a cikin wani karamin adadin.
Watering
Ya kamata a shayar da shuka a cikin bazara da bazara.
Muhimmanci! A lokaci guda kuma ba zai yiwu ba izinin damuwa da danshi a cikin ƙasa: ruwan da ke gudana bayan shan ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi ya kamata a zubar da hanzari.
Ruwan ruwa mai ruwa mai laushi, ba sanyi - filaye mai kyau ko ruwan sama.
Tare da sanyi mai sanyi, wanda zai kawo babban amfani, watering zai zama matsakaici - kimanin sau ɗaya a mako ko žasa don hana ƙasa daga bushewa. Idan hunturu yana da dumi, ruwa ya fi sau da yawa kuma ya kamata a saukake iska.
Air iska
Muhimmiyar: Matsakaicin iska a cikin hunturu ya isa, kuma a lokacin rani - ƙãra. Wannan shi ne yanayin da ya dace don ciyawa na laurel.
Lokacin kula da dakin laurel ya kamata gudanar da layi tare da ruwa mai laushi. Hakanan zaka iya sanya shuka a cikin pallet tare da pebbles mai dadi, wanda ke kusa da tasoshin tarin ruwa da ruwa.
TAMBAYA: Duk da haka, iska dole ne ya zama cikakke sosai. A gida, itace laurel ya kamata a cikin wuri mai kyau.
Top dressing
A cikin lokacin bazara-rani na girma girma sau biyu a mako. inji yana goyan bayan takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, Alternating tare da ma'adinai da Organic mahadi.
A lokacin hunturu da hunturu, yawancin gyaran gyare-gyare na raguwa a kowane wata ko fiye da mawuyacin hali. Ya dogara ne akan tsarin zafi, wanda ya ƙunshi laurel: tare da sanyi mai sanyi za ku buƙaci takin yawaita akai-akai.
Girma da Bloom
A cikin al'ada, ɗakin yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 15, a cikin yanki, a cikin wurin - har zuwa shekaru 60. Shrub iya girma zuwa mita 10-15 a tsawo. Laurel a gida yana iyakance ne zuwa mita 1.5-2 ta hanyar girkewa.
Ƙananan furanni na furanni a farkon lokacin bazara, a cikin Maris-Afrilu, kuma a kan wasu tsire-tsire ne kawai ke cikewa, a kan wasu kawai pistillate. Lokacin da girma Bloom a cikin dakin - rarity. Bayan 'ya'yan itatuwa na pollination ripen - blue berries.
Pruning
Lokacin kula da itace laurel a gida - daji amsa sosai zuwa pruning, kirkirar babban kambi: mai siffar siffar siffar fure, mai siffar sukari, pyramidal.
Laurarin pruning yana da farawa tun daga shekaru 5.
Akwai kalmomi guda biyu don wannan aiki: karshen lokacin rani (Agusta) nan da nan bayan kammala kakar girma da kuma ƙarshen kaka (Oktoba-Nuwamba), a cikin sauyi zuwa yanayin hutawa.
A cikin bude wuri, rassan rassan suna tsintsa a farkon spring.
Saukowa
Yadda za a shuka laurel a gida? Amsar wannan tambaya, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a lokacin da dasa shuki laurel a gida, akwati tare da rami mai tsabta wajibi yana da daidaitattun matsayi da kuma kyakkyawan rabo tare da ci gaban seedlings: Girman tukunya yana tsaye a tsaye daga kwata zuwa kashi uku na tsawo na shuka.
Kafin dasa shuki laurel, an saka Layer mai laushi a kasa daga cikin akwati (fadada yumbu, kananan pebbles, baturi).
Sa'an nan kuma zuba kananan adadin tattalin ƙasa a saman shi - tushen tsarin da aka ajiye, a duk lokacin da zai yiwu earthy clod. Kammala cakuda ƙasa zuwa matakin da ake so, a hankali yana tamping shi.
Tashi
Matashi, na farko shekaru biyar na rayuwa, tsire-tsire suna tsayar da su, a matsayin mai mulki, a kowace shekara, manya - kowane shekaru 2-3, har ma da ƙasa.
TAMBAYA! Hanyar canja wuri ya kamata ya zama sauƙi, wanda aka ajiye shi a mafi yawan ajiyar wuri, kuma sabon tukunya bai da yawa, 2-4 inimita, ya fi girma fiye da tsofaffi a diamita.
Ƙarfinku na cikin launi da gidansa:
Hakanan zaka iya ganin bidiyo a kan yadda za a kula da laurenka a gida:
Kiwo
Ana haifar da laurel mai yiwuwa tare da tsaba, da kuma vegetatively tare da cuttings da layering.
Tsaba a gida
TAMBAYA! A lokacin da yake girma laurel daga zuriya, akwai matsaloli biyu: laurel tsaba da sauri, a cikin watanni 3-5, rasa adadi mai girma na germination kuma, saboda babban abun ciki na mai, sosai sannu a hankali, har sai watanni shida, suyi girma.
Sabili da haka, iri ya kamata ya zama sabo kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma don ganin 'ya'yan itace germinated, yi haƙuri. An shuka Laurel a Janairu-Fabrairun. Don bugun sama germination da tsaba suna bi da tare da girma stimulator bayani, sa'an nan kuma dasa su zuwa zurfin 1-1.5 cm cikin haske mai haske.
Rufe shi da fim na filastik, yana dauke da digiri 18, iska a kai a kai da kuma kula da abun ciki mai laushi na maɓallin.
Muhimmanci! Suna lura da yiwuwar bayyanar mold a kan kwayoyin, sa ido kan sa ido a mako. A cikin yanayin farin faranti, cire shi kuma wanke tsaba a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate.
Da zaran germination farawa, ƙwararren nau'in harsashi sai kuma za a iya sanya su a nan da nan a cikin kwantena daban, saka a cikin ƙasa a zurfin biyar santimita, - amma seedlings zasu buƙatar jira game da wata daya.
Muhimmiyar: Ya kamata a kare ƙananan laurel daga zafi da hasken rana.
A cikin ƙasa mai bude
Girma na 'ya'yan itacen laurel ya sauka a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba. Bayan an girbe su, ana saki tsaba kuma sun watsu a wuri mai nisa, a zurfin kimanin 5 cm. Harbe yawanci yakan bayyana daga marigayi marigayi zuwa ƙarshen rani a zafin jiki na + 20-22 ºС.
A lokacin da dasa shuki laurel tsaba, seedlings thinned zuwa nesa na 5-8 cm tsakanin shuke-shuke. Wani lokaci akwai harbe Janairu, wanda, mafi yawancin, ya mutu.
Sauya ta hanyar cuttings
Mafi kyawun lokaci na girbi da kuma rushe kayan aikin laurel a cikin al'adun ɗakin shine Maris-Afrilu ko Yuni Yuli;
TAMBAYA: a cikin yanki, an yi amfani da grafting ne kawai a cikin Yuni-Yuli.
Cuttings tare da uku internodes kowane (yawanci su tsawon ne 6-8 cm) an yanke daga tsakiya da ƙananan sassa na Semi-woody harbe.
An cire takardar asali, Sauran ya rage ta da rabi kuma ya aika da kayan girke don girkewa.
A digiri 16-20, ana binne su da 1-1.5 cm a cikin yashi mai tsafta. Tare da rufe filastik kunsa, iska, fesa.
Ƙunƙatattun cuttings sun fara girma, a matsayin mai mulki, a cikin wata daya kuma, lokacin da suka girma har zuwa 2-3 cm, an dasa su a cikin kwantena.
Duba hankali ga bidiyon akan sake haifar da laurel a gida:
Sake haifar da layering
A matsayin mai mulkin laurel ya ba da matakai na layi tare da tsarin da aka ci gaba da ƙila ko žasa, wanda aka raba shi da hankali kuma zaunar da ku. Wajen da aka jiyya sun yayyafa shi tare da gauraye.
Saboda haka, a lokacin da girma laurel Zaka iya mayar da hankali akan wadannan kalandarku na manyan ayyuka:
A cikin ƙasa mai bude
Spring
Maris-Afrilu - sanitary pruning: kau da lalace da kuma frostbite rassan. Rage cuttings a cikin wani sanyi greenhouse.
Top dressing
Summer
Dukan lokacin shine germination da tsaba sown a kaka. Aiki kullum
Yuni-Yuli - haifuwa da cuttings
Agusta - Formation Trim
Kwanci
Oktoba-Nuwamba: Yankewa, girbi na albarkatun kasa, tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa, shuka tsaba
A gida
Spring
Maris - shuka tsaba.
Maris-Afrilu - haifuwa da cuttings, rabuwa da matakai na gefe.
Top dressing
Summer
Duk tsawon lokacin shi ne germination na tsaba sown a Fabrairu-Afrilu. Aiki kullum.
Yuni-Yuli - haifuwa da cuttings
Agusta - Formation Trim
Kwanci
Oktoba-Nuwamba: Yankewa, girbi na kayan albarkatun kasa. Rawancin ciyarwa.
Winter
Fabrairu - shuka tsaba
Alamun matsala
Bar juya launin rawaya, curl kuma fada a kashe - rashin iska mai zafi. Dole ne a yi amfani da spraying ta yau da kullum.
An rufe gefen gefen ganye da launin ruwan kasa - rugujewar ƙasa, musamman a hade tare da yawan zafin jiki na iska da / ko ruwa mai ban ruwa. Dole ne don inganta watering.
Me ya sa ganye ya juya baki?
An rufe ganyayyaki tare da furen baki, wanda za'a iya cirewa daga gefen leaf leaf - naman gishiri, yin gyare-gyaren inda akwai burbushi na kwari kwari: raɗaɗɗɗiya ko mealybugs. Da farko, rabu da mu kwari, sa'an nan kuma cire allo. Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, cire kayan shafa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kyakkyawan kayan lambu, mai tsabta ne kusan ba mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da haɗari na kwari. Tare da kulawa mara kyau a gidan sufi gizo-gizo mite, scythe, mealybug iya bayyana. Wannan yana da mahimmancin rashin rashin iska.
A matsayin ma'auni na farko, ana magance wuraren da ake fama da shi tare da ruwa mai tsabta, kuma mafi yawan abin da ake dogara wajen magance kwari kwari shine maganin kwari.
Amfani masu amfani
Abin ƙanshi da ciwon haɗari mai ban sha'awa a cikin laurel, ya sanya ganye ya zama kayan ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa da ke haifar da ci abinci kuma yana inganta ƙwayoyi.
Muhimmanci Bay man yana da disinfectant da kuma insecticidal Properties.
A matsayin ma'auni mai kariya akan matakai mai zafi a cikin hanji, ƙananan ƙananan respiratory tract, ya isasshe don yaɗa laurel cikin ɗaki kuma ya ƙona ƙanshi.
Don inganta ƙanshin shuka sau biyu a mako, zaka iya zuba aspirin bayani (5g da lita na ruwa) ko glucose (1 ml da 1l na ruwa). Shirya ma warkar da broths da infusions na bay ganye.
Aikace-aikacen
Daga 'ya'yan itace cire man fetur mai amfani da aikin likita don yin kwakwalwa da kyandir. Bugu da ƙari, shi ne mai kyau antiseptic, Ana amfani dasu don maganin tausa. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa Laurel a matsayin kayan yaji.
Ka koya bambanci tsakanin itace laurel, kula da shi a fili da kuma gida, yadda za a shuka laurel daga tsaba, da kuma samun cikewar bishiya da aka rufe tare da shirye-shiryen bayyane, za ka iya har abada ce da gaisuwa ga sanyi, numfashi a duk shekara iska cikakke da phytoncides masu cin nasara.
