A cikin ƙarni biyu da suka wuce, furen petunia janyo hankulan masu shuka da masu shayarwa. Akwai dalilai da yawa don hakan. Na farko, suna son ta saboda ban mamaki na furanni: haske, manyan, launuka daban-daban da siffofi. Abu na biyu, yana da tsawon lokacin flowering. Na uku, petunia yana daya daga cikin 'yan shuke-shuken da ke hade da wasu kayan lambu. Kuma na hu] u, ba shi da kyau a cikin namo da kulawa.
Shin kuna sani? An haifi Petunia daga kalmar "petun" - wannan shine sunan taba a Brazil, inda wannan furen ya fito. A karkashin wannan sunan ne mai nazarin halittu na Faransa Jean Baptiste Lamarck ya fara bayanin petunia.
Petunia (Petunia) Tana da nauyin jinsin abubuwan da ke tattare da ita na iyalin nightshade. Yana da kimanin nau'in 40, daga cikinsu akwai shekara-shekara. Ana amfani da fure don ado na lambuna, gadaje na gari, fences, da ɗakuna, balconies, gidaje.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu mayar da hankalin kan cikakkun bayanai game da cikewar cascade ko ƙananan petunias.
Features na cascade da super cascade petunias
Cascade petunia an bred a cikin 60s na karni na goma sha tara a matsayin sakamakon tantanin halitta. Daga dukkan nau'o'in nau'ikan da ba su da kyau ko kuma "ratayewa" petunia ya bambanta a tsawon da kuma sauƙi na tushe wanda ya ragu, kamar dai cascading. Yana tsiro da sauri, ke tsiro da kyau. Sau da yawa ana rataye kwakwalwan petunias za'a iya samun su a cikin tukunansu a kan baranda, ginshiƙan fitila, wuraren tudu, gazebos, lambobi.
Daga baya harbe na petunias cascade ya isa mita 1-2.5. Girman, launi na furanni, tsawon lokacin flowering da hanyoyi na haifuwa ya bambanta dangane da irin shuka. Babban alama na duk petunias cascade shi ne jure yanayin sanyi da yanayi mara kyau.
A hanyar, wasu lokuta ba'a da petunia maras kyau da kuma petunia na sakaci sun bambanta cikin jinsuna daban-daban, duk da cewa bambance-bambance bambance-bambance ne a cikin tsari ko a kulawarsu.
Popular irin cascade da super cascade petunias
Mun riga mun ce masu shayarwa ba sha'aninsu ba ne ga petunias. Mahimman shaida akan wannan shine iri da yawa da kuma nau'in wannan fure.
Duk iri da kuma hybrids na cascade petunias za a iya raba zuwa uku kungiyoyin:
- tare da m, m tsaka-tsaki mai tushe cewa girma ƙasa;
- tare da mai tushe wanda ya girma sama kuma ya fāɗi yayin da suka isa wani lokaci;
- gajeren lashes da gajeren lashings (super cascade Petunia).
Da yake jawabi game da iri-iri masu yawan gaske, dole ne a ambaci cewa irin wannan petunia shine babban cascade. Supercascade - Wannan shi ne cultivar na petunia mai girma-flowered, wadda ke nuna fure-fure mai girma da yawa (12 cm in diamita). An bayyana shi da wuri da tsayi. Forms ba sosai tsawo, amma da-Branched harbe. Ana yin amfani da wannan jerin ne don dasa shuki a cikin akwatunan baranda, fure-fure, kwandunan kwance.
Abin da ƙauna petunias cascade
Tun lokacin da petunia ya kasance mazaunin ƙasashe mai zafi da zafi, tana ƙaunar mai dumi, yalwa da ruwa da rana mai tsawo. Duk da haka, a cikin tsari na zaɓen, hybrids an bred cewa jimre da rashin wadannan dalilai. Gwajin dabbar dabbar ta Petunia da sauran nau'o'in sun kasance a cikin nau'i na yanayin tsayayya. Duk da haka, kamar kowane tsire-tsire, lokacin da yayi girma, yana buƙatar biyayyar wasu ka'idojin agrotechnique.
Zaɓan tashar saukowa: abin da ya kamata ya zama haske, zafi da zafin jiki
Tun da dukkanin petunias suna da ƙaunar dumi da haske, idan kun dasa shi a gonar, yafi kyau kula da shi don yayi girma a wuri mai budewa. A cikin inuwa da harbe suna da tsayi sosai, ganye suna girma, kuma furanni suna karami. Idan kun dasa shi a kan windows ko baranda, to, ya fi kyau yin shi daga kudu maso yamma ko kudu.
Petunia yana da tsayayya ga fari da damuwa mai zurfi, amma bai yarda da ruwa mara kyau ba. Tsarin zai iya tsayayya yanayin yanayin zafi har zuwa -10 ° C. Mai da hankali ga yanayin zafi.
Yawancin lokaci, petunia zai iya jure yanayin yanayi mara kyau, duk da haka, harbe da furanni zasu iya lalacewa ta hanyar ruwan sama da iska. Saboda haka, idan furanni suna girma a cikin tukwane, a irin wannan yanayin zasu fi kyau zuwa wuri mai aminci ko tunani a gaba.
Kwan zuma don girma petunias cascade
Lokacin zabar tukunya don wannan shuka, ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa ba'a bada shawara don shuka fiye da ɗaya flower a cikin akwati har zuwa 5 l. In ba haka ba, yin fada da wuri a cikin rana, za su tsoma baki tare da juna kuma su rasa sakamako na ado. A manyan tukwane masu girma na 10-14 lita biyu ko uku tsire-tsire zasu iya tafiya tare. Idan aka dasa shuki a cikin tukwane, dole ne muyi la'akari da cewa distance tsakanin tsirrai na tsire-tsire dole ne a kalla 15-20 cm.
Shin kuna sani? A Turai, ba al'ada ce a shuka a cikin tukwane na monoculture - yawancin iri iri iri ne ake amfani dasu. Mun ba da shawara game da abin da ake kira da kuma abin da furanni ke shuka a cikin tukwane suna da kyau tare. The abun da ke ciki zai zama sosai kyau: cascade petunia - farashin - ipomoea; Petunia - Calibrahoa - Bacopa; Colius - cascade petunia - Allisum, verbena - super cascade petunia - Calibrahoa, da dai sauransu.
A cikin tukwane tare da diamita na 28 cm, 3-5 biyu petunias kuma 5-7 talakawa cascade su za a iya dasa.
Yadda za a shuka cascade da kuma super cascade petunias
Don samun kyakkyawan ruwa daga lambun petunia da furanni, dole ne mu bi shawarwari masu yawa don kulawa da noma. Suna danganta da abubuwan da ake bukata na ƙasa, dasa shuki da fasaha mai guba, yin amfani da takarda da kuma yin amfani da su.
Bukatun shara
Cascade petunias rayuwa sosai a cikin ƙasa mai kyau, duk da haka sun fi son loamy da yashi loam mafi yawa. Ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance sako-sako, m, haske da tsaka tsaki a cikin acidity.
Don dasa shuki a cikin tukwane, za ka iya amfani da wadannan ƙasa abun da ke ciki:
- turf ƙasa (2);
- ƙasa mai laushi (2);
- peat (1);
- babban yashi yashi (1).
- turf ƙasa (1);
- peat (1);
- humus (1);
- yashi (1).
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a rufe kasan tukunya da lakabin ƙwararɗaɗa mai yalwa don riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa, kuma kada ka manta cewa kasan ya kasance tare da ramuka don cire ruwa mai yawa.
A fasaha na saukowa cascade da super cascade petunias (seeding makirci + sharuddan).
Mafi yawan ya dogara da ingancin dasa kayan - yana da kyau don dakatar da zabi a kan tsaba da aka shigo. Kuma ku tabbata cewa ku saya su ne kawai a cikin shaguna na musamman.
Lokacin shawarar shuka shine Fabrairu. A gida - ƙarshen Maris. A wannan yanayin, ana bukatar jiragen a jira a watan Mayu da Yuni.
Don shuka, ya zama dole a dauki ganga mai zurfi tare da rami mai zurfi, cika shi da substrate, ba da samun 1-1.5 cm zuwa gefen. An shuka Petunias a kan ƙasa, ba tare da yayi da ƙasa ba, in ba haka ba za su ci gaba ba. Domin ya sauƙaƙe a matakin, ya sake amfani da toothpick.
Shin kuna sani? Tun da tsaba na Petunia sune ƙananan kuma a lokacin da dasa shuki yana da wuya a ga yadda aka sanya su cikin ƙasa, zaka iya dasa su a kan dusar ƙanƙara. Zai fi sauƙi a rarraba su a kan dusar ƙanƙara.
Ya kamata a yayyafa shi da ruwa da kuma rufe shi da filastik filastik ko gilashi, takarda, da kuma kayan agrotechniya. (Wasu masu shayarwa na petunia suna ba da shawarar shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena abinci tare da lids.)
Dakin inda tsaba germinate ya kamata a yi kyau, yana da muhimmanci a kula da yawan zafin jiki a ciki ba ƙananan + 20 ° C (mafi kyau - + 23 ° C). Tun da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar mai yawa haske, zai zama mai kyau don shirya ƙarin haske don tsawon sa'o'i 14-20. A gida, zaku iya amfani da fitila mai fitila.
Ana buƙatar amfanin gona a lokaci-lokaci (na minti 10-15), kuma don duba ƙasa.
Harbe ya kamata ya bayyana cikin daya zuwa makonni biyu. Idan bayan wannan lokacin basu riga ya bayyana ba, ba lallai ba ne a jira su - ko dai tsiro ba zai kasance ba, ko tsire-tsire daga cikinsu zai fito da rauni da rashin dacewa.
Daidai kula da seedlings, ciyar da cascade Petunias (+ transplanting a bude ƙasa ko a rataye tukwane)
Lokacin da ƙarshen leaflets na seedlings shafa da murfi ko gilashi, da akwati tare da su ya kamata a bude. Tun daga yanzu, yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa ƙasa mai danshi - yana da muhimmanci kada a overdry ko zuba shi. Ana yin watering a cikin kwanon rufi ko ƙarƙashin tushen.
Da zarar ana iya tsirrai seedlings tare da yatsunsu (ko tare da bayyanar ganye guda uku), suna buƙatar za a dauka - dasa a cikin kwantena.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan, a sakamakon haka, kuna son samun furanni mai kyau tare da tsarin tushen ci gaba, zaka iya fara dasa shuki a cikin kananan kwantena, amma bayan wata daya zasu buƙatar motsa su zuwa babban akwati. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire sun fi sauki don daidaitawa a cikin ƙasa.
Domin furanni su ba da gefe mai kyau kuma kada su shimfiɗa karfi, a wannan lokacin suna buƙatar shirya tsarin zazzabi a + 18-20 ° C, da dare - + 15 ° C. Babu wani abu da ya kamata ruwa ya sha.
Bayan mako daya bayan daukan, dole ne a ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙasa. Idan aka raunana seedlings, ana iya taimaka musu da takin mai magani.
Bisa ga duk shawarwari da nasara, har yanzu seedlings zasu kasance a shirye don su shiga cikin gadon filawa tsakanin tsakiyar May - farkon Yuni. Idan yanayin yana da kyau a lokaci guda, ana iya dasa seedlings a cikin kwandon baranda ko kwasfa rataye.
Yadda za a kula da tsire-tsire mai girma
Lokacin da petunia ya girma, kana buƙatar ci gaba da sarrafa abubuwa biyu: laka mai laushi da kuma kasancewa da abubuwan gina jiki a ciki. Bugu da ƙari, domin petunia ya kasance da kyakkyawar siffar da fure mai kyau, ya kamata ka rabu da manyan harbe da karin inflorescences. Anyi wannan ta hanyar nadawa. Idan kana mamaki idan kana buƙatar yin amfani da petunia cascade, muna bayar da shawarar sosai, tun da wannan hanya ya zama wajibi don shi ya dace da girma.
An yi amfani da kullun farko a yayin daji ya shiga cikin lokaci na ci gaban aiki kuma harbe ya kai tsawon mita 5-7. A wannan yanayin, an cire maɓallin girma a sama da na biyar leaf. Wannan zai bada izinin gefen harbe don yayi girma. Daga ƙirjin kowane ganye ke tsiro sabon shoot. Yi wannan hanya a kowane wata.
Har ila yau suna riƙe da tsuntsaye na mako-mako na ciki, cire kayan ciki da yawa tare da iri iri. Don haka za ku taimaki shuka don ya fi girma, saboda cire daga cikin ovary yana ƙarfafa cigaba da sababbin flower buds.
Features na watering cascade petunias
Ya wajaba a shayar da petunia kowace rana, a lokacin rani - sau biyu a rana. Ruwa ya kamata yasa ƙasa duka, daga sama har zuwa kasa, kamar yadda aka gani ta wurin tacewa ta hanyar ramuka. Har ila yau, shuke-shuke za su ji dadin yin kwaskwarima yau da kullum. Yana da kyau a sanya tukwane a mako a cikin akwati da ruwan sanyi. Da farko na yanayin sanyi, yawan adadin watering ya rage.
Shuka abinci mai gina jiki da taki
Makullin ci gaba mai kyau da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire shine ciyarwa ta yau da kullum. A lokacin lokutan flowering sau ɗaya a kowane makonni biyu, dole ne a hadu da petunia tare da furen ƙwayar furanni, zai fi dacewa da yawancin potassium da magnesium.
Kiwo hanyoyin don cascade da super cascade petunias
Bugu da ƙari ga tsarin iri, petunia cascade zai iya ninka vegetatively. Don yin wannan a cikin fall ya kamata a zaɓi tsire-tsire mai kyau, da aka bunkasa, wanda daga bisani ya zama mahaifi. Babban matsala tare da haifuwa ta wannan hanya shine don tabbatar da yanayin dacewa don adana Sarauniyar Kwayoyin - kyakkyawan haske mai tsawo da kuma yanayin zafin jiki na + 12-15 ° C. Ana yin cuttings a cikin Fabrairu-Maris. Don cuttings amfani da ɓangarorin sama na harbe tare da tsawon 4-6 cm. An dasa su nan da nan a cikin rufi kuma an rufe su da fim ko lutrasil.
Don tushen tushen, yawan zafin jiki na + 20-22 ° C ya dace. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, an kafa asalinsu a cikin kwanaki 6-10. Bayan wani 10-12 days, da cuttings za a iya dasa a cikin tukwane, bayan pinching su fi don dace samuwar cascade petunias.
Saboda haka, mun duba dalla-dalla yadda ya wajaba don noma cascade da kuma super cascade petunia kuma a karkashin abin da yanayi dole ne a girma. Biyan waɗannan shawarwari, za ku iya girma da kyau daga ruwa daga furanni wanda zai ji dadin ku da furanni a cikin lokacin rani.
