Pear "Veles", wani suna don "Babbar Maigari", wani nau'in nau'i na pears, wanda aka kiyasta musamman don amfanin gona mai kyau, tsayayya da cututtukan fungal da kuma juriya sanyi. A cikin wannan abu, za mu ba da alamomi na nau'in nau'in nau'in "Veles", za muyi la'akari da siffofin dasawa da girma da pears, tattarawa da adanawa, da kuma amfanin da rashin amfani da wannan nau'in.
Pear "Veles": bayanin irin iri-iri
Pear itace sredneroslye. A kambi na sprawling, kuma daga baya wide-pyramidal, matsakaici yawa. Rassan suna da tsayi, tsawo da kuma mai lankwasa. Fruiting, yawanci mayar da hankali a kan kolchatkah. Harbe suna da manyan, launin ruwan kasa, brownish. Ganyayyaki suna raye, mai sassauka, duhu mai duhu, wanda aka sanya a gefen gefen, yana da ƙananan man fetur. Tsire-tsire yana fure da farin da m a cikin bazara. An shirya 'ya'yan itatuwa duk lokacin rani, kuma sun fara a farkon watan Agusta. 
'Ya'yan itacen pear ne matsakaici, game da 200 g, yellow-kore a launi tare da ja ko orange inuwa. Peduncle mai lankwasa, dogon. Suna da nau'i-nau'i mai nau'in daidaitacce, ba tare da yakoki ba, siffar. Jiki nama mai sauƙi ne, mai taushi, mai tsami, mai laushi. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne mai dadi. Tsarin itacen yana farawa a cikin na biyar - na bakwai.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin duniya akwai nau'in pears.
Dokokin dasa shuki pears "Veles"
Itacen itatuwan "Veles" sun fi son ƙasa mai kyau, kuma yana da kyawawa cewa akwai yashi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai laushi: wannan yana da kyakkyawar tasiri akan tsarin tushen. Zaɓin dama na seedlings, wuri, tsarin shuka - tabbacin cewa pear zai kawo girbi mai karimci.
Yadda zaka zabi seedlings don dasa
Don dasa shuki, zaɓar biennial seedlings tare da ko da, undamaged Trunks tare da karamin yawan gefen rassan.
A lokacin sayen seedlings, musamman a hankali duba tushensu. Dole ne kada su bushe, ba tare da lalacewa, ba kasa da 25 cm ba.
Zabi wuri a karkashin pear
Pear "Veles" thermophilic. Sunny, wurare maras kyau sun dace da ita, kuma girma bishiyar da kuma matakin sukari na 'ya'yan itatuwa zai dogara da shi. Matsalar mafi kyau ita ce ta dasa itacen pear a wuri mai haske kusa da gidan. Don haka zaka kare pear daga gusts na iska da sanyi. Hakanan zaka iya dasa shuki a cikin gonar a cikin sauran itatuwan 'ya'yan itace. Kuna iya samun kyawawan amfanin gona daga itatuwan pear Veles idan yayi girma a kan ruwa, yashi ko yashi.
Yana da muhimmanci! A ƙasa mai yumɓu, pear ba ya girma sosai kuma yana da 'ya'ya.
Lokaci da saukowa
Zai yiwu a dasa kaya a cikin bazara da kuma kaka. Shuka nau'in pears "Veles" a cikin idon ruwa yana kare itacen daga rodents, banda wannan, a lokacin rani ke tsiro da tushen tsarin bishiyar, wanda zai inganta saɓo.
Amma don dasa shuki a cikin fall, to, ku dasa pear a rabi na biyu na Satumba, makonni kadan kafin farkon sanyi. Dole ne a shirya rami a gaba.
Dole ne a yi rami a kusa da mita mita 40-50 cm. Dole ne a rabu da tushe na rami kuma an yi amfani da takin mai magani a can (Mix in daidai rabbai ƙasa mai kyau da peat ko humus). A daya rami zai ɗauki kimanin biyu ko uku buckets. Ana sanya ƙuƙuka a bangon rami don inganta yanayin iska da kuma ƙarfafa girma. Lokacin da dasa shuki pears bi umarnin musamman:
- Gwanar da tsaka a cikin tsakiyar rami na garkuwa don yin haka ba zai lalata ba.
- Lokacin da ragewa cikin seedling a cikin rami, duba cewa wuyansa wuyansa ne 2-3 cm sama matakin ƙasa.
- Yi sauƙi a zuga itacen da ƙasa, yayin da kuke shayar da shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, girgiza shi kuma ku janye shi (don rarraba ƙasar tsakanin asalin).
- A karshen ƙarshen baya, ƙasa ya zama kamar lakaran ruwa.
- Daga sama, yayyafa rami tare da sauran ƙasa, kafa wata gefe a kusa da pear kuma zuba shi da buckets biyu ko uku na ruwa.
- Bayan an shafe ruwan, an ƙasa ƙasa da peat ko sawdust.
Yana da muhimmanci! Shuka pear a cikin bazara, shirya rami a cikin kaka. Hakika, itace da aka dasa a cikin rami mai raɗawa yana shan wahala saboda alamar ƙasa.
Yadda za a yi girma a cikin '' Veles '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'summer, musamman kulawa
Pear "Veles" yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau ga kansu, don ya kai 'ya'yan itace da kariminci kuma a kai a kai. Dole ne a shuka shuka, shayarwa, sassauta ƙasa, sako, sako, yanke rassan, don tabbatar da cewa babu wani kwari da ya bayyana, kuma ya dauki matakai masu kariya na lokaci da kuma yaki da cututtuka.
Yadda za a ruwa a pear
Watering yana da mahimmanci ga shuka, duka ga sapling, da kuma itace mai girma. Dole ne a shayar da matasan yara sau biyu ko sau uku a mako (na daya shuka 2 buckets na ruwa). Tsarin tsire-tsire suna buƙatar watering, musamman idan sun fara kai 'ya'ya. Shayar sau uku zuwa sau hudu a wata. Ana yin watering da safe ko da yamma.
Yana da muhimmanci! Cika da shuka tare da ruwa kada ta kasance, saboda tsarin tushensa yana girma ya isa ya ba da abinci a kan yalwa.
Ana iya shayar da pear tare da taimakon tsarin gyare-gyare lokacin da ruwa ke gudana daga ƙasa (hanyar ruwan sama) tare da karami (kimanin 15 cm a cikin zurfin) ya kaddamar da rami kewaye da itacen da ruwa yake gudana. Ana rarraba ruwa a ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma tushen sunyi amfani dashi don kansu.
Da takin mai magani da kuma takin gargajiya
Ƙasa mai cinyewa ya ɓace lokaci kuma ya rasa kayan abinci. Saboda haka an yi amfani da kayan hade da kuma ma'adinai don mayar da su. Cikakken abinci mai kyau na itatuwan pear zai kawo kyakkyawan girbi. Ana ciyar da itatuwan pear sau da yawa a shekara. Ana samar da taki na farko kafin flowering, wanda ake amfani da carbimide, gishiri ko urea. Ana yin ciyarwa ta biyu a karshen flowering na pear, sannan ana amfani da taki "kore" - sharar gida, abinci, ganye, ciyawa. Ana sanya su a cikin kogi wanda aka haƙa a kusa da itace kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. Duk wannan cakuda yana juyawa kuma yana bada ƙarin ciyarwa zuwa itacen. Na uku na miya an yi a tsakiyar Satumba ta hanyar ma'adinai na ma'adinai, toka ko sawdust.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don hana nitrogen don yanayin hunturu an haramta shi sosai.
Duk game da pruning pears iri "Veles"
Ana bukatar pears "Veles" don haka dukkanin rassan shuka sunyi isasshen haske don girma.
Pruning seedlings
Kafin dasa shuki wani ƙwayar matashi yana yalwa. Dukkan rassan suna taqaitaccen ta kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Saboda haka, an kafa kambi na gaba. Ana gaba da pruning a spring, har sai buds sun kumbura.
Aduning shuka pruning
A cikin itatuwan girma, rassan da ke kwance a ƙasa an cire su gaba daya, raunana harbe kuma dole ne duk marasa lafiya da tsoffin rassan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yawancin rassan ba za a iya yanke su a lokaci guda ba, an yarda su cire kashi ɗaya cikin dari na yawan adadin. Wuta yankakken sliced tare da fenti mai, lambun lambu ko manna-putty.
Hanyar ƙwarewa na pear
Pear na iya ninka ta hanyar tsaba da kuma vegetatively (layering, cuttings, grafting). Raba ta hanyar tsaba ana amfani da su don haifar da sababbin nau'i na pears ta hanyoyi daban-daban, jinsi da kuma hybrids. Pear "Veles" sau da yawa propagated by layering da cuttings.
Sauya ta hanyar cuttings
Ana girbe cututtukan pear a cikin hunturu. An dauki rassan matashi mai shekaru biyu tare da fashe ba tare da yaduwa ba. Idan reshe ya dade, an ragargaje shi a wurare da yawa. Tsawon mafi kyau na cuttings an dauke shi zuwa 15-20 cm tsawo.Wannan wurare na fractures a cikin rabin rabin batu suna nannade tare da filastar, tebur ko tebur. Sa'an nan kuma an gyara reshe a kan sanda ko waya. An cire kayan kayan ado da mai gyara a ƙarshen Maris, kuma an yanke reshe a cikin cuttings a wuraren hutu. 
A cikin duhu kwalban filastik lita biyu don narke ruwa (zuwa tsawo na 5-7 cm), yawancin Allunan carbon kunnawa sun narkar da shi, kuma an cire cututtuka zuwa ciki a cikin sassan sassa. An saka kwalban a wuri mai haske. Bayan 'yan makonni, kiraus na samuwa a kan ƙananan sassan kuma tushen zasu fara girma. Bayan kai ga tushen tsawon tsawon mita 5-7, an dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa mai kyau. Da farko, sun yarda da shading daga hasken haske. Ya kamata a shayar da cututtuka, a ciyar da shi, a cike da nama, kuma ta wurin rassan zasu fara kama da shekaru biyu zuwa uku.
Sake haifar da layering
Ba zai yiwu a lanƙasa reshe na pear a ƙasa ba, amma wannan hanyar haifuwa ana amfani da shi: an saka akwati tare da ƙasa mai kyau a karkashin reshe, an rufe ganuwar akwatin tare da polyethylene (don rage evaporation daga danshi daga ƙasa), reshe na pear ya sauka zuwa akwatin , ana saran da dama a kan haushi, to, an dasa wani reshe kuma an binne shi cikin ƙasa a cikin akwati. A ƙarshen duk waɗannan hanyoyi, yanayin ƙasa a cikin akwati ya rufe shi da fim, kayan rufi, ko cike da takin takin.
Dole a rika kula da ƙasa da rigakafi. An kafa asalinsu kafin karshen kakar wasa, amma har yanzu zasu kasance mai raunana sosai don dashi dashi. A cikin hunturu, an rufe reshe a jikin rassan bishiyoyi, kuma an yi dusar ƙanƙara a kan akwatin. Gaba ɗaya, hanyar ci gaba da yanki na Pear Veles shine tsawon shekaru biyu. Sa'an nan kuma an cire shi daga jikin bishiya kuma an dasa shi a matsayin sapling na yau da kullum. By hanyar, cuttings Bloom da kuma kai 'ya'yan itace kafin seedlings. Kuma wannan hanya tana kare nauyin halaye na bishiyar bishiya.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi dangin zumunta na pear ne fure.
Girbi da Kariya
Cikakken pears suna da launi (a lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka juya launin rawaya, sun zama cikakke) kuma da yawancin pears (' ya'yan itatuwa cikakke sun zama softer). Girbi a cikin marigayi Agusta - farkon watan Satumba. Daga itace ɗaya zaka iya tattara daga 50 zuwa 100 kilogiram na pears. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun tashi a lokaci guda. Amma yafi kyau a tattara a matakai guda biyu: ana tattara manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa (a cikin 20 ga Agusta), daga tsakiyar Satumba - duk sauran.
Idan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun tsage ta dan kadan, to za'a iya adana su cikin firiji har zuwa Nuwamba. 'Ya'yan da aka girbe don ajiya mai tsawo ba su dace ba, sun fi amfani da sabo ko amfani da girbi. Suna adana pears a cikin ginshiki a cikin kwalaye ko a kan rassan katako wanda aka rufe takarda kafin. Kowace nau'i a lokaci guda a nannade cikin takarda mai laushi, mai laushi ko kwakwalwan ƙwalƙasa ko tsafta mai tsabta. Sarrafa zafi a cikin ginshiki domin pears ba su lanƙwasawa, da kuma a cikin ginshiki akwai kada ya kasance da ƙanshin waje da alamomi.
Shin kuna sani? Homer ya kira pear "kyautar alloli." A zamanin Girka na farko, an yi amfani da pear a matsayin magungunan yanayi don yanayin ruwa da kuma tashin hankali.
Pear "Veles": cancanci da kuma raguwa na iri-iri
Abũbuwan amfãni daga pear na sa na "Veles":
- Delicious 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- Beautiful bayyanar;
- High sanyi juriya;
- Tsayayya ga cututtukan fungal;
- Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- Ƙayyadaddun lokaci.
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu shũɗẽwa a kan girbi mai kyau kuma kamar yadda itãciya ta tsiro;
- Koda ta daskare lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka karu;
- Tsomawa shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin d ¯ a Romawa, an ba da pears zuwa Venus, Pomonia da kudu maso gabas, kuma a cikin tarihin Helenanci zuwa Aphrodite da Hera.
Bayan dasa wani "Veles" pear a cikin mãkirci, ba shakka za ku yi baƙin ciki ba. Abincin dadi, m, 'ya'yan' ya'yan itace ba za su bar kowa ba.
