Gophers sun kasance mambobi ne na iyalin squirrel, suna da nau'in nau'i 10. Suna da mummunan barazana ga gonaki a cikin yankunan da ke yankin..
Saboda aiki kiwo, wadannan raunuka suna rarraba a ko'ina cikin Rasha.
Bayyanar, bayanin da haifuwa
Tsawon jikin dabba yana da kusan 30-35 cmRigun yana da kashi 30 cikin dari na tsawon jiki.
Launi na baya baya duhu ne, launin ruwan kasa da launuka masu launi da spots. Cheeks da idanu suna da tsatsa masu launin ruwan kasa.. Head da kirji tare da launin azurfa.
Mafi yawan jiki an rufe shi da kananan ƙananan.
Babban wuraren zama filin farmaki tare da amfanin gona. Gophers suna rayuwa a cikin filin, har abada a hanyoyi, a cikin katako da kan gefen gandun daji.
Wasu nau'o'in sune mahimmanci, suna motsawa cikin filayen. Rodents shirya mazauninsu a cikin burst, wanda zai iya zama na wucin gadi ko dindindin.
Manya mafi yawa yawanci suna rayuwa ne kawai, a cikin ramuka dabam. Dabbobi suna shirya nests na musamman a can, suna rufe shi da ciyawa, bambaro da ƙananan ƙwayoyi.
Yawan lokacin kiwo ya fara a cikin bazara lokacin da dabbobi ke farkawa daga hibernation. Gopher na iya haihuwa daga 5 zuwa 10 ƙwayoyin. Bayan watanni 1-2, matasa gophers sun zama masu zaman kansu.
Rarraba a Rasha
An rarraba yawanci a yankunan da yawa, musamman ma a yankin Vol Volga, Orenburg, Ciscaucasia, Yakutia, a yankunan yammacin Siberia da Gabas.
Yawan nau'in rarraba ba shi da kyau, musamman da yawa rodents a cikin Volga yankin. A lokacin ci gaba da 'yan mata budurwa sun sami nasara a sabon yankin.
Gophers na da mummunar barazana ga gonar gonar da ke fama da su. Duk da haka, waɗannan ba kawai kwari ne wanda zai iya cutar da amfanin gona ba.Mun shirya muku jerin labarai game da irin waɗannan: shrews, moles, mice da tsuntsaye iri.
Abin da ke ciyarwa da rawar da ke cikin sarkar abinci
Gophers ciyar yawancin kayan abinci na abinci, a yawancin yawan cin amfanin gonar hatsi da tsire-tsire. Rushe sassa daban-daban na tsire-tsire a kowane matakai na ci gaba: shuka tsaba, matasa harbe, mai tushe, ganye, furanni.
Amma mafi yawa kamar su ci gophers cikakke hatsi na amfanin gona hatsi shuke-shukekamar masara, gero, alkama da Peas. A cikin yanayin, yawancin rodents an tsara su ta hanyar yankunan gida: foxes da ferrets. Ravens da hawks suna farautar gopher, ko maimakon 'ya'yansa.
Irin gophers tare da hotuna
Muhimmanci! A rana daya gopher iya cinye har zuwa 50 grams hatsi. Tare da yawan mutane a kowace hectare, zaka iya rasa har zuwa kilo 45 na amfanin gona.
Babban mummunar cutar ga aikin noma shine nau'i shida.:
Little Gopher. Yana da tartsatsi a ƙananan ƙananan Caucasus, yankin Lower Volga da yankunan Siberia.
Little Gopher ko Spermophilus pygmaeus
Mottled Gopher. Yana faruwa a yankunan tsakiya na Chernozem.
Ƙwararren ƙwayar ƙasa ko Spermophilus
Red-cheeked. Yawanci an rarraba a cikin tudu da ƙafar Altai, a Siberia ta Yamma.
Red-cheeked ƙasa squirrel ko Spermophilus erythrogenys
Long-tailed ƙasa squirrel. An rarraba a Siberia ta Yamma da Yakutia.
Long-tailed ƙasa squirrel ko Urocitellus undulatus
Gopher. Yana zaune a wasu yankunan Bashkortostan, yankin Volga da yamma Siberia
M Gopher ko Spermophilus manyan
Yellow Gopher. Yana faruwa a yankunan Lower Volga.
Raƙuman ruwa a ƙasa ko Spermophilus fulvus
Yanayin rarrabewa
Wani fasali na sauran sauran rodents babban kunnen kunguwainda dabbobi zasu iya daukar nauyin abinci mai yawa.
Har ila yau, suna da nau'i biyu masu launin launin ruwan kasa wadanda suke buƙatar zama ƙasa akai-akai. Wadannan dabbobi kuma sun bambanta da damar su hibernate na tsawon lokaci.
Harm zuwa gonaki
Gophers - dabbobin polyphagous, wanda ke nufin iya cin lalata albarkatun gona. Wadannan dabbobi suna haifar da mummunan cutar ga hatsi, suna cin naman albarkatun kore da hatsi a kunne. A sakamakon wannan irin ciyarwa, an sanya raunin bal a cikin burrows, tare da yawancin mutane, wurare masu nisa suna haɗi da juna kuma ana iya hallaka albarkatu.
Gophers baya haifar da lalacewar amfanin gonasuna tono sama da tsire-tsire-tsire, don haka suna fitar da albarkatu sosai. Har ila yau, a kan tsire-tsire masu girma, suna cinye ganyayyaki masu launin fari, da sauran gwangwani ko dai ya mutu gaba daya ko ci gaba kadan.
Bugu da ƙari, cin abinci mai duhu, lalacewa ma yakan lalacewa a lokacin da yake juji ramuka, lokacin da aka jefa ƙasa mai yawa a ƙasa, don haka ya kara da girbi. A kan abinci 20-30 mutane a kowace hectare iya halakar fiye da rabin na forage ajiye. Har ila yau, suna shan wahala daga sake dasa shingen gandun daji.. Suna hayewa suna cinye kuma suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban.
Domin daya kakar, daya gopher iya ci 4 kilogiram na hatsi. Lokacin da adadin mutane 10 a kowace hectare, kowane zai rasa kilo 40 na hatsi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ba dabbobi kawai ba zai iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga manoma, masu lambu da kuma lambu. Ciwon kwari marasa lafiya ba su da hatsari.Mun shirya muku jerin kayan game da mafi yawan marasa jin daɗin su. Karanta duk game da bear, Colorado dankalin turawa, ƙwaro da locust.
Hanyar yin yaki
Don magance gophers amfani da hanyoyi da dama:
- Cikakken koto. Oat ko kernels na masara suna soaked da kuma bi da tare da zinc phosphide. Sa'an nan kuma hatsi suna warwatse da hannu, tare da taimakon mota ko jiragen sama, kusa da babban gungun dabbobi. A lokaci guda yana da wajibi ne a kiyaye duk ka'idojin tsaro.Muhimmiyar. Abincin ga koto ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau, ba tare da tsabta da ƙanshi ba.
- Nomination Wannan hanya tana da hadari kuma yana da tsada. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a wurare inda ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da hanyar halakar iri ba.
- Samun tarko. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar a kan gefen albarkatu, kusa da hanyoyi. Aiwatar arc tarkuna №0 da №1. Wannan hanya tana da mahimmanci a cikin bazara kafin bayyanar kananan yara.
Hankali! Gophers dauke da annoba da sauran cututtuka, kuma zaka iya samun cutar ta hanyar kai tsaye kai tsaye tare da dabbobi, da kuma ta hanyar haɗuwa da tsuntsaye da suke zaune a cikinsu.
Kammalawa
Yawancin nau'in gophers da yawa suna haifar da mummunan lalacewar aikin noma, lalata albarkatun gona da wuraren noma. Yin fada da su shine kalubale ga manoma.
