Shuka tumatir a cikin Urals: wace irin iri ne mafi ingancin shuka da yadda za a magance su?

Lokacin rani a cikin Urals yana da takaice, sabili da haka yana da matukar wuya ga lambun lambu don shuka tumatir a wannan wuri.

Dole ne a yi la'akari da yanayin hawan Urals a cikin zaɓin iri na iri don dasa shuki, kazalika da lokacin namo tumatir. Duk da haka, idan kana kula da kayan lambu, ko da ma irin yanayin yanayin damuwa, zaka iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau da kyakkyawan dandano. Wannan labarin ya nuna game da zaɓi na iri-iri masu dacewa da tumatir da ƙwarewar girma na kayan lambu.

Yanayin yanayin yanayi

Duk waɗannan halaye suna dogara ne a kan yanayin wuri na yankin. Yankin yana nesa da ruwa, zurfi a nahiyar. Sauyin yanayi na Urals yana da bambanci, mai saurin gaske, haɗuwa an rarraba shi. Yanayin yana jira ya canza a madaidaiciyar gudun. Wato, a wata rana zai iya ruwa, ƙanƙara da kuma fara iska mai karfi, kuma a cikin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin canjin yanayin rana zai haskaka.

A lokacin rani, haɓaka yawan zafin jiki ana faɗakar da su a cikin Urals. A kudancin yankin a wannan lokacin zazzabi zai iya tashi zuwa Celsius 25 digiri, yayin da a arewaci yawan zafin jiki na iska ya kai kawai digiri Celsius shida. Dole ne a dauki wannan gaskiyar lokacin da ake ci tumatir.

Taimako Lokacin zafi a kudancin yankin da aka kwatanta yana da kimanin watanni 5, duk abin da yake hunturu, a arewacin komai duka kadan ne: rani yana da watanni biyu kawai, kuma lokacin hunturu yana da 10.

Waɗanne iri ne suka fi kyau shuka?

Masu aikin sarrafa jiki da kwarewa mai girma suna ba da shawara ga ba da fifiko ga iri da suke da tsayayya ga yanayin mummunan yanayi, marasa lafiya ga yanayin girma, da kuma irin tumatir da suka fara farawa. Lambu na bayar da shawara don kulawa da wadannan iri.

Ƙasar arewa

Ya girma zuwa tsawo na har zuwa rabin mita. Lokaci mai tsabta shine watanni 3-3.5. Bayanin waje: launi na 'ya'yan itace ne ja, yana zagaye a siffar, mai yawa, nauyin nauyin nauyi ya kai 80 grams. Babban amfani da jinsuna shi ne farkon da kuma lokaci daya ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Viscount Crimson

Yayin da ya kai kimanin centimita 50. Bayani na tumatir: launi mai launi, mai tsanani ga taɓawa, siffar ɗaukar hoto tare da ƙananan ƙarshen. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin watanni 3. Za a iya kai har zuwa 250 grams. Babban amfani ana dauka shine dandano da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Boni-m

Tsayin yana daidai da irin abubuwan da suka gabata - 45 centimeters. A 'ya'yan itatuwa sun cika cikin watanni uku. Bayanin waje: launi na tumatir mai haske ne, siffar ta kasance zagaye na yau da kullum, jiki mai kyau, yana girma a nauyi kimanin 80 grams. Abũbuwan amfãni: juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban da fatattaka.

Evgenia

Wannan jinsin ya zama dan kadan fiye da sauran - kawai 30 centimeters. Ripens cikin watanni 3.5. Bisa ga bayanin, wannan tumatir mai kyau shine jan, mai laushi, zagaye. Weight yana kimanin 100 grams. Abubuwan haɗi sun haɗa da kyakkyawar gabatarwa, da kuma kiyaye shi na dogon lokaci, rigakafi a cikin blight.

Gavrosh

Yawan tsawo yana kai har zuwa rabin mita. Lokaci yana da kwanaki 85. Nauyin nauyin nauyi kawai 50 grams. Launi tumatir ne cikakke ja, zagaye, siffar rarrabe shi ne rashi wani wuri a kan tushe. Abũbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri - sosai azumin ripening.

Vershok

Tsawon tsayin - 50-60 centimeters. Lokacin tsufa shine watanni uku. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne ƙananan, ana auna har zuwa 25 grams, launi mai launi, siffar zane. Riba - jure cututtuka da kwari.

Antoshka

Girman shuka - 0.6-0.7 mita. Tumatir ya yi kusan watanni uku. Launi na 'ya'yan itace mai haske, nauyi zai kai 100 grams. Abũbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri: immunity zuwa cututtuka da sauƙi haƙuri na yanayin yanayi mara kyau.

Yaushe ne kwanakin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse da kuma ƙasa mai bude?

Tumatir suna da al'adar thermophilic sosai, sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa a dasa seedlings a cikin wani greenhouse kawai a cikin lokaci mai tsawo. Saukowa a cikin greenhouses da ba a hade ba ya kamata ya faru a baya fiye da watan Mayu. Yanayin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse - ba a baya ba sai tsakiyar watan Afrilu.

Don yayi girma tumatir daga tsaba a cikin Urals an dauke shi mara amfani. Ya fi dacewa wajen samun amfanin gona na tumatir a wannan yanki - seedlings (game da yanayin da ake girma da tumatir a cikin hanyar Sin, karanta a nan, kuma daga wannan labarin za ku koyi game da hanyar da aka shuka da shuka).

Amma don dasa shuki tumatir a cikin ƙasa, yanayin yanayi a cikin Urals ba dace da wannan hanya ba, domin tumatir an dauke su al'adar thermophilic. Yanayin zafi ba zai iya jimawa a wannan yankin ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa ba ta da lokaci don dumi zuwa matakin mafi kyau. Amma idan har yanzu kuna da shawarar yin amfani da damar yin shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa, to yafi kyau yin shi daga rabi na biyu na watan Yuni.

Fasali na girma

Don dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse kana buƙatar karban lokacin lokacin da kasar gona ke mai tsanani zuwa 20 centimeters a zurfin zuwa akalla digiri Celsius 13. A yanayin saukan ƙananan zazzabi, asalinsu ba za su iya shafan isasshen ruwan sha ba, sabili da haka ba za su iya ci gaba ba.

Hanyar:

1. Kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata ka kula da tsabtaccen tafarki mai laushi, domin tumatir ba su jure wa danshi mai laushi ba.
2. Next, shirya furrows a nesa na 0.5 mita daga juna.
3. Kowane furrow yana buƙatar a shayar da shi mai rauni na potassium, wanda aka yayyafa shi da toka da kadan superphosphate.

Yana da muhimmanci. Babu wani hali da zaka iya ƙara humus a ƙasa, saboda a wannan yanayin zaka sami tsire-tsire masu karfi tare da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Umurnin kulawa da mataki

Ka tuna cewa hanya mafi dacewa don shuka tsire-tsire shine shuka tumatir don seedlings. Wannan hanya zai taimaka wajen samun lafiya mai kyau. Amma saboda wannan ya kamata ka bi dokoki na namo:

1. Bayan kwanaki 15 bayan girma da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mai dindindin, dole ne a daura da tsirrai, kuma dole ne a cire '' stepchildren '', barin kawai hemp, 2-3 centimeters high.
2. Kafin tumatir fara fure da kuma samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, yana da daraja watering amfanin gona fiye da sau ɗaya a mako.
3. Idan yanayi ya bushe sosai, ya kamata a ƙara yawan mita watering. Haka kuma dole ne a yi a cikin shari'ar lokacin da 'ya'yan itace kaɗan suka fara farawa.
4. Idan damshin bai isa ba, akwai damar samun ci gaba mai kyau, kuma yawancinsa zai iya haifar da juyawar dukkan tsarin.
5. Wajibi ne don tsaftace ƙasa kawai a karkashin tushen tsarin, mafi dace lokaci shine safiya ko bayan faɗuwar rana.
6. A lokacin ci gaba da ci gaba da girma tumatir suna buƙatar a ciyar da su tare da takalmin ruwa, alal misali, mullein ko shirye-shiryen haɗuwa. Tabbatar cewa taki yana da isasshen potassium da magnesium, in ba haka ba saboda sakamakon rashin launin kore a kan tumatir. Irin wannan takin mai magani ana amfani sau biyu a wata.
7. Don ƙara yawan ovaries da 'ya'yan itatuwa, wajibi ne don yaduwa da al'adun tare da bayani na acid acid (10%) kowane mako biyu.
8. Da zarar farkon ovaries ya bayyana a kan tumatir, wajibi ne a cire sassan layi, musamman ma wadanda suke cikin haɗuwa da ƙasa - yana da kyau don aiwatar da wannan hanya a cikin safiya na safiya, saboda haka raunuka za su sami lokaci su jawo da yamma.
9. Sau da dama a cikin kakar, dole ne a bi da shuka tare da shirye-shiryen kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ma'auni mai kariya akan cututtuka da kuma kamuwa da kwari.
10. Kasar gona ta kasance mai tsabtace ruwa da kuma numfashi, hade.
11. A cikin ƙasa shine mafi kyau don ƙara dan ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa da manyan kogin yashi.

Tips da dabaru

Bisa ga masana'antu na Urals, Wani muhimmin mahimmanci game da ingancin tumatir shine kiyaye ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma iyawar hawa. Amma ya kamata mu lura cewa waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa da za a adana su na dogon lokaci, ba koyaushe suna da dandano mai kyau ba.

Har ila yau kana bukatar ka ba da fifiko ga waɗannan nau'ikan da suke da tsayayya ga ci gaban cututtuka da yanayi mara kyau. Sabili da haka, kar ka manta da aiwatar da al'ada tare da mafita na musamman, alal misali, kamar "Epin" da "Zircon".

Don shuka kowane kayan lambu a cikin yanki wanda yanayin irin wannan yanayi ya rikice yana da wuyar gaske. Saboda haka, kana buƙatar yin ƙoƙari da yawa don samun ci gaba. Amma ƙwarewar shuka tumatir a kan shafin ka kuma kasancewa da tabbaci a cikin halayen su tsada ne.