![](http://img.pastureone.com/img/ferm-2019/malenkoe-solnishko-na-podokonnike-virashivanie-tomata-oranzhevaya-i-zheltaya-shapochka.png)
Mafi yawan iri iri iri na tumatir sun dace, basu buƙatar kulawa na musamman, zasu iya girma a gida a cikin tukwane. Dabbobi iri iri "Cape Orange" da "Rawan Jago" kamar wannan.
Cibiyar nazarin kayan lambu ta Rasha ta bunkasa. An rajista a cikin Littafin Jihar na Rasha don yin noma a fili da kuma matsayin al'adun tukunya a shekarar 2011.
A cikin labarinmu za ku sami bayanai masu amfani game da waɗannan tumatir: fassarar iri, halaye da siffofi masu girma.
Yellow da Orange Orange: bayanin irin
Sunan suna | Yellow da Orange Beanie |
Janar bayanin | Farawa na farko da ke da matukar tumatir |
Originator | Rasha |
Rubening | 80-90 days |
Form | Zagaye, ƙananan |
Launi | Yellow orange |
Tsarin tumatir na tsakiya | 30 grams |
Aikace-aikacen | Dakin cin abinci |
Yanayi iri | 1.5-3 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Fasali na girma | Wajibi ne a lura da yanayin watering |
Cutar juriya | Tsayayya da manyan cututtuka tumatir |
Wadannan iri sun bambanta kawai a launi na 'ya'yan itace, bisa ga irin bishiya, siffar' ya'yan itace, mataki na ripening - su ne kama. Tsire-tsire masu kayyade. Cibiyar da aka ƙayyade ba ta buƙatar girma na wucin gadi yana ƙare ba, suna girma zuwa wani tsayi kuma suna jagorancin dukkanin dakarun zuwa ci gaban 'ya'yan itatuwa. Game da karatun indeterminantny karanta a nan.
Ta hanyar irin daji - misali. Tsarin shuka yana yawancin ƙananan ƙananan, ƙananan, tushen tsarin da aka ci gaba da ɓarna. Ganye ba ya buƙatar pinching da tying. Tsayayye, mai karfi, ba mai tsawo 50 cm ba, yawanci 20-30 cm. Yana da nau'i mai yawa na nau'i mai sauki. Tsarin tushen shine rashin ci gaba, ƙananan ƙananan, girma a wurare daban-daban ba tare da zurfafa ba.
Ganye yana da matsakaici a cikin girman, duhu kore, a cikin siffar - irin tumatir, tsarin yana rutsawa, yana da hali don karkatarwa. Ba yarinya. A inflorescence ne mai sauki, matsakaici type. An fara jigilar kwayoyin farko a kan ganye 5 - 6, sa'an nan kuma ya zo tare da rata na 1 leaf, wani lokacin ba tare da rata ba.
Sanya da haɗin gwiwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a kan shuka suna da kyau. Bisa ga mataki na maturation, shi ne farkon iri-iri, bayan da harbe kawai 80 - 90 days wuce kafin lokacin girbi. Yana da babban mataki na tsayayya da mosaic taba, Alternaria, verticillosis, Fusarium. Ba shi da lokaci don samun marigayi blight saboda sauri maturation.
Ya dace da noma, da ƙasa mai laushi tare da rufi (a karkashin fim, a cikin greenhouse) da kuma namun iri iri iri a kan dakin gida - akan baranda ko taga sill. Ƙwayar da ake samu daga wani daji na kowane "Caps" yana da kusan 0.5 kg. Daga 1 sq.m. Zaka iya samun kimanin 1.5 kilogiram, wani lokacin har zuwa 3 kg. Lokacin da tsire-tsire na hunturu a cikin dakin ba zaiyi 'ya'ya ba tare da ƙarin haske ba.
Zaka iya kwatanta wannan alamar da wasu iri a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
Sunan suna | Yawo |
Orange da Yellow Beanie | 1.5-3 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Kyauta Kyauta ta Grandma | har zuwa 6 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Amurka ribbed | 5.5 kg daga wani daji |
De Barao da Giant | 20-22 kg daga wani daji |
Sarkin kasuwar | 10-12 kg da murabba'in mita |
Kostroma | har zuwa 5 kg daga wani daji |
Shugaban kasa | 7-9 kg da murabba'in mita |
Mazaunin zama | 4 kilogiram daga wani daji |
Nastya | 10-12 kg da murabba'in mita |
Dubrava | 2 kg daga wani daji |
Batyana | 6 kg daga wani daji |
![](http://img.pastureone.com/img/ferm-2019/malenkoe-solnishko-na-podokonnike-virashivanie-tomata-oranzhevaya-i-zheltaya-shapochka.jpg)
Yaya za a samu kyakkyawan sakamako a fili? Cunkuda girma da wuri cikakke tumatir tumatir.
Hotuna
Ƙarfi da raunana
Daga cikin amfanin waɗannan tumatir yawanci ana lura:
- farkon balaga;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau;
- high dandano halaye;
- jure wa cututtuka masu girma.
Wadannan rashin amfani sun hada da:
- low yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- gajeren lokacin ajiya;
- rashin talauci na jurewa.
Halaye
Nau'in nau'i biyu ne mai zagaye, ƙananan ribbed. Sizes kananan - kimanin 3-4 cm a diamita, nauyi game da 30 g. Fata ne lokacin farin ciki, lokacin farin ciki, m, haske. Launi na 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa' ya'yan itace ne koren kore. Hanyoyin 'ya'yan itace na "Orange Hat" suna da launin orange ko launin launi mai duhu, yayin da "Yellow Hat" yana da launin rawaya da launin rawaya.
Jiki ne mai taushi, m. Akwai 'yan tsaba, ana rarraba su a cikin ɗakuna biyu. Yawan nauyin kwayar halitta yana ƙasa da ƙasa. Ajiye ba don dogon lokaci ba, hanyar dacewa zata taimaka wajen tsaftace ajiya - adana a cikin duhu cikin daki da zafin jiki na ɗakin, ba tare da kwatsam ya sauko (tsaka-tsaki +/- 5 digiri).
Mota ba shi da kyau, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun rasa siffar da sauri. Bayani na dandano mai kyau ne kawai masu kyau, sun lura da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa da dandano tumatir, sun fi ƙarancin tumatir tumatir. Ya ƙunshi babban adadin abubuwan gina jiki, kada ku sa allergies. Zai fi dacewa don amfani da sabo, amma bayan daskarewa ko tumaturwar tumatir mai amfani.
Kyakkyawan don kare dukkanin 'ya'yan itatuwa - fata mai yawa ba zai bari tumatir su rasa siffar su ba. Ya dace da samar da asali na tumatir manna, ketchup, biredi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Zaka iya kwatanta nauyin tumatir da wasu a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
Sunan suna | Nauyin nauyin abinci |
Orange da Yellow Beanie | 30 grams |
Diva | 120 grams |
Yamal | 110-115 grams |
Golden Fleece | 85-100 grams |
Zuciya ta zinariya | 100-200 grams |
Stolypin | 90-120 grams |
Rasberi jingle | 150 grams |
Caspar | 80-120 grams |
Wannan fashewa | 120-260 grams |
Verlioka | 80-100 grams |
Fatima | 300-400 grams |
Fasali na girma
Yana da matukar damuwa ga fatattaka 'ya'yan itace akan shuka. Ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace saboda rashin saurin canji cikin zafi saboda sakamakon bambancin tsakanin yanayin dare da rana. Dole ne a daidaita yanayin zafi a lokacin da tsire-tsire. Bai kamata ya wuce 60% a lokacin da girma.
A cikin gandun daji ko na cikin gida zai iya girma a kowane yanki. Mafi kyawun ganyayyaki a bude ƙasa su ne yankuna kudancin.
Noma na Orange da Yellow Caps kamata ya fara da shuka da tsaba ga seedlings. Ya kamata a raba tsaba a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate - sanya sa'a ɗaya, to, ku wanke da ruwa mai dumi. Kasashen, idan ba'a saya a cikin shaguna na musamman ba, dole ne a gurɓata su.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kasar gona don dasa shuki tumatir, dole ne ka zabi loamy, za ka iya yashi, da iska mai tsabta, tare da rashin acidity.
Yadda za'a haxa ƙasa ga tumatir da kansa karanta a cikin wannan labarin. Kuma kuma game da wace irin ƙasa tumatir fi so a greenhouses da kuma yadda za a shirya da kyau ƙasa a cikin greenhouse don dasa shuki.
Yankin ƙasa a lokacin dasa shuki ya zama kimanin digiri 25. Ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Maris ko Afrilu na farko a cikin wani wuri mai zurfi, mai zurfi da nesa da 2 cm daga juna, zurfin 2 cm. Ana kara ƙasa da zubar da ruwa mai dumi. Rufe shi da wani abu mai ƙananan da bai bada izinin evaporation - polyethylene, filastik, gilashin filaye. Halin zafi a cikin tanki zai ba da karfi don shuka iri;
Bayan da yawancin harbe ya rufe. Seedlings watering kamar yadda ake bukata. Lokacin da rubutun ganye 2 sun kasance a kan tsire-tsire, wajibi ne don yin kima. Gwangwani - dasa shuki a cikin kwantena mutum (300 ml). Bukatar da aka samu tushen karfi a cikin seedlings. Ana iya kara taki a cikin kwantena.
Feed dressing riƙe 2 sau. Cunkushe seedlings suna ciyar mako guda kafin suyiwa a wuri m. Idan kuka shirya shuka tumatir a gida, wahala ba wajibi ne ba. A lokacin shekaru 50-55 seedlings za a iya shuka su. Tare da girma na waje, kula da tsabtataccen lokaci (fim). A cikin greenhouse ko bude ƙasa dasa shi ne da za'ayi a nesa na 50 cm daga juna.
Watering ne da za'ayi a karkashin tushen da kyau. Ajiye, weeding - kamar yadda ake bukata. Masking ko kafa wani daji ba a buƙata. Yin buƙatar ba dole ba ne, da tushe da hannu zasu iya tsayayya da kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Mulching lokacin da girma akan gadaje - akan buƙatar.
Kara karantawa game da duk takin mai magani don tumatir.:
- Yisti, iodine, ash, hydrogen peroxide, ammoniya, acidic acid.
- Organic, ma'adinai, phosphoric, hadaddun, shirye.
- Ƙarin tushen, don seedling, lokacin da daukana.
- TOP mafi kyau.
Yadda za a nutse tumatir za ka ga a bidiyon da ke ƙasa:
Cututtuka da kwari
Ko da tare da maganin cutar da aka yi alkawarinsa, ayyuka masu tsauri (nazarin halittu) suna da muhimmanci. Yi amfani da shirye-shiryen musamman na babban bidiyon aikin - game da cututtuka da kwari. Har ila yau, aiwatar da disinfection na tsaba da ƙasa, don haka dakatar da wasu cututtuka nan da nan.
Mun kawo hankalinku ga labarin game da cututtukan cututtuka na tumatir a greenhouses da matakan don magance su. Har ila yau, menene marigayi marigayi, yadda za a kare tsire-tsire daga gare ta, da irin nau'in da ba su shan wahala daga marigayi.
Amma ga kwari, babban matsalar shi ne Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, thrips, aphids, gizo-gizo mites da slugs. Cibiyoyin yanar gizo za su adana kwari, hanyoyin da aka tabbatar za su taimaka wajen yaki da slugs.
Tumatir "Orange Cap" da "Yellow Cap" - babban zaɓi na girma a gida. 'Ya'yan itatuwa sune ƙananan, amma abin sha'awa ne mai ban sha'awa.
A cikin tebur da ke ƙasa za ku sami hanyoyin haɗi zuwa tumatir iri iri daban-daban:
Tsufa da wuri | Tsakiyar marigayi | Matsakaici da wuri |
Pink meaty | Buga banana | Pink King F1 |
Ob domes | Titan | Babbar ta |
Sarki da wuri | F1 Ramin | Cardinal |
Gidan Red | Goldfish | Siberian mu'ujiza |
Union 8 | Rasberi abin ban mamaki | Yi waƙa |
Red icicle | De barao ja | Karrarawa na Rasha |
Honey Cream | De barao baki | Leo Tolstoy |