Kwayar cuta

Amfani mai amfani akan bunkasa balsam na cikin gida

Ɗaya daga cikin itatuwan da ke cikin shahararrun shuke-shuke, wanda ya dade da yawa a kan gine-ginen gidaje da gidajenmu, shine balsam (a wannan yanayin, bambancin daki). Kula da wannan fure ba wuya ba ne, amma har yanzu kuna bukatar sanin yadda za a sake shuka, yaduwa, ruwa da takin balsam a gida.

Abubuwan iri iri na dakin ɗakin

A zamaninmu, akwai fiye da nau'i 400 na wannan shuka, wanda a wasu ƙasashe ake kira "haske" (samfurin furanni mai haske). Balsam zai iya kasancewa a matsayin tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, kuma yana da kyau, amma Waller ko Waller's balsam (mafi sani), ambal balsams, da kuma New Guinea Guinean balsams, da aka sani da hybrids na New Guinea, su ne mafi yawan a gidajenmu.

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, za su iya yi girma a duk shekara, suna murna da ku da ruwan hoda mai haske ko furanni jan. Duk da haka, akwai nau'o'i da furanni na furanni, orange, fararen furanni da furanni, amma tsire-tsire masu launin shudi biyu tare da cibiyar bambanta ("ido") sune mafi asali. Balsam kuma yana da nau'o'in tabarau masu yawa, daga jere mai launin kore zuwa ja ko launin ruwan kasa.

A kowane hali, kowane zaɓi da ka zaba, girma balsam daga tsaba a gida zai kasance abin sha'awa da farin ciki a gare ku.

Shin kuna sani?Balsam mutane suna kira "touchy." Gaskiyar ita ce, bayan wallafafan furanni, kwalaye da tsaba suna kafa, wanda, a wani ɗan ƙaramin taɓawa, ya fara fashewa. Na biyu, babu wani nau'i mai suna "sunan" shi ne "Roly Wet."

Babban dokokin saukowa balsam

Idan ka yanke shawarar saya balsam a gida, amma ba ka san yadda za a dasa wannan shuka ba, to, abu na farko da za a yi shi ne saya tsaba mai kyau. Lokacin da zaɓar su, yana da muhimmanci a kula da rayuwar rai, iri-iri, nau'in (shekara-shekara ko kuma ƙa'ida) da kuma amincin masu sana'a. Idan kuna son yin amfani da kwarewa da gwaji, za ku iya shirya tsaba da kanku (saboda wannan, dole ku tattara su da hannu daga tsire-tsire da ke cikin gona).

Kafin shuka shuka a cikin tukwane, saka su a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate na minti 10 sa'an nan kuma jiƙa don wata rana a ruwa mai dumi.

Mataki na gaba shi ne shiri mai kyau na ƙasa. Ganin cewa tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire suna da matukar damuwa da nau'inta da abun da ke ciki, kasar gona don balsam ɗakin ya kamata ya zama haske da sako-sako. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da cakuda peat da ƙasa mai laushi, vermiculite da yashi girasar ruwa (a daidai daidai). Amma idan ba ku so ku ciyar lokaci, to, zaku iya saya ƙasa mai tsabta don seedlings, da kara kashi biyar na vermiculite ko yashi, wanda zai sa ƙasa ta lalata da kuma numfashi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Mutane da yawa masu girma sunyi imani cewa mafi kyawun balsam shine ƙasa mai rauni, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan nau'i na sod, perlite, humus da takin.
Tsawancin ƙarfin damar seedlings ya zama 7 cm (ko dan kadan). Ga waɗannan dalilai, zaka iya amfani da ganga mai filastik, tukunya ko kwano mai girma. A kasan ginin da aka zaɓa, ya kamata ka yi ramuka da yawa kuma a yi amfani da wani kwanon da aka yalwata da yumbu na cm 2. Wannan ba zai bada izinin ruwa ya tsaya a cikin ƙasa ba kuma ya hana tushen daga rotting.

Kafin shuka tsaba, wajibi ne a cika tukunya tare da ƙasa kuma ya zubar da mafita na Fitosporin a ciki, wanda zai taimaka wajen inganta yanayin microflora da kuma kare shi daga kwari masu yawa.

Lokaci mafi kyau don shuka tsaba shine tsakiyar watan Maris. A wannan yanayin zai yiwu a yi sha'awar furanni na farko na matasa balsam a watan Yuni.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a lokacin da shuka - wani wuri mai zurfi na tsaba a cikin tukunya, a daidai nisa daga juna. Suna buƙatar a shuka su a wuri ɗaya, a danna latsa dan haske a kan ƙasa, amma ba tare da nutsewa a ciki ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! A ganiya zafin jiki na germination na balsam tsaba ne + 22-25 ° C.
Bayan duk bukatun da aka sadu, kuma tsaba zasu dauki wuri a cikin tukunya, duk abin da ya rage shi ne don yayyafa amfanin gona da ruwa kuma sanya akwati a cikin jakar filastik, bayan cika shi da iska.

Shawarwari don kula da balm na cikin gida

Yanzu bari mu gano yadda za mu kula da balsamic. Abubuwan da ake buƙatar kawai za a ɗauka dasu: biyaya da tsarin zafin jiki, kiyaye yanayin da ake buƙata na zafi, sanin ilimin halayen watering, shuke-shuke da ke ciyarwa, kazalika da ninkaya da pruning.

Zaɓi da haske

Balsam na son haske mai haske, amma tuntuɓi da shuka a hasken rana kai tsaye zai iya samun mummunar tasiri akan furen. Saboda haka, girma shuka a gida, yana da muhimmanci don inuwa taga.

A lokaci guda, a lokacin hunturu, balsam na dakin buƙatar zai buƙatar isasshen haske, wanda ma yana taimaka wa flowering a kowace shekara (a lokacin hunturu ba rana ba mai haske).

Domin kambi na daji ya kasance kyakkyawa sosai, har ma, tukunya tare da shuka dole ne a juya shi lokaci-lokaci, a maimakon maye gurbin kowace gefen rana. Rashin hasken sau da yawa yakan haifar da gaskiyar cewa injin yana dakatar da samar da buds kuma ya yi hasara.

Shin kuna sani? Balsam na gidan ya fi dacewa da mutanen da aka haife su a karkashin alamar Leo.

Temperatuur da zafi

Daidaitawa da zafin jiki mai kyau da kuma dacewa mai kyau a cikin dakin shine wani muhimmin aiki da yake fuskanci mai sayad da furanni lokacin girma balsam. A lokacin bazara da kuma lokacin rani, furen yana dacewa da zafin jiki na + 25 ° C kuma mafi girma, amma tare da samun dama ga iska da kuma yumbu na substrate. A cikin hunturu, yanayin zafi bai kamata ya fada a kasa + 10-15 ° C.

Karin samfurori na balsam kuma suna buƙata a kan iska mai zafi. Gaskiya ne, ko da yake ba su son overheating, amma karin danshi ba kullum zama dole.

Alal misali, idan yanayin iska a cikin dakin ba ya wuce darajar 20-22 ° C, zai zama isa kawai don tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a cikin tukwane ba ta bushe ba.

Ƙara yawan zazzabi a sama da wannan darajar zai haifar da yaduwar iska mai yalwa da wilting na shuka. Idan ka ga cewa ma'aunin zafi ya ƙetare alamar + 25 ° C, to, lokaci ya yi da za a ɗauka bindiga mai yaduwa, wanda za'a iya amfani dasu don fesa ganye sau da yawa a rana.

Yana da muhimmanci! A yanayin zafi mai kyau, akwai yiwuwar fadowa ganye saboda bayyanar "sakamako na greenhouse" (high zazzabi da zafi). Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau don samun mai sanyaya ga daji, amma wani wuri mai haske.

Watering da kuma ciyar da tsire-tsire

Balsam yana son ruwa, kuma watering yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ake bukata na agrotechnique don kula da shi. A cikin watanni na rani, a lokacin da mai tsallewa ya bushe, tsire-tsire yana buƙatar yawan watering. Duk da haka, idan aka gabatar da ruwa a cikin ƙasa, dole ne a tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba ta fada akan wuyansa na wucin gadi ba. Don yin wannan, ana yin watering a kan gefen tukunya, kuma bayan an kammala aikin, an sha ruwa mai yawan ruwa daga kwanon rufi.

A matsayin ruwa don ban ruwa, ya fi kyau a shirya ruwan rafi da rabuwa, in ba haka ba za ku sami farin ciki a ƙasa, wanda ya nuna babban alkalinity. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da shawara ga masu yin gwagwarmaya masu maye su maye gurbin saman Layer na ƙasa.

Domin samar da asalinsu da damar samun iska mai sauƙi, ƙasa a cikin tukunya dole ne a rabu da shi lokaci-lokaci. Sai kawai kada ku yi wannan hanya sosai zurfi (ba zurfi fiye da 1 cm), in ba haka ba akwai yiwuwar lalacewa ga tushen tsarin shuka.

Domin ci gaba da bunkasa balsam ya kuma buƙatar takin gargajiya. Yawancin lokaci ana gabatar da shi a cikin ƙasa a lokacin bazara-lokacin rani, lokacin da tsire-tsire ta fara fure.

A zamanin yau yana da sauki a gano yadda ake ciyar da balsam don flowering, saboda yawancin takin mai magani ana wakilta a kasuwar zamani. Duk da haka, a tsakiyar dukkanin wannan bambancin, ya fi kyau a kula da ƙwayoyi mai mahimmanci don shuke-shuke na shuke-shuke (a cikin rabin sashi sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu), ko da yake kowane lambu ya yanke shawarar yadda za a ciyar da rigar Vanka bisa ga takamaiman yanayin da ta dace.

Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan gwanin balsam, ana amfani da takin mai magani a baya fiye da makonni uku.

Pinching da trimming

A yayin aiwatar da balsam (yawanci a cikin bazara), kambi na shuka yana "gyara". Don haka, idan a lokacin hunturu daji ya girma sosai, to, pruning wani balsam (dakin) yana samar da rageccen mai tushe ta rabi. A lokaci guda, lokacin da harbe ya kai tsawon da ake so, su fi tsuntsaye, ta haka ne ke haifar da fitowarwa da kuma ci gaban sababbin harbe da furanni.

Tsuntsu shi ne injin motsi na saman shoot, wanda aka yi tare da almakashi ko kuma kawai tare da hannunka. Na gode wa wannan aikin, masu kwantar da hankulan suna farka, amma idan a wani wuri ba su da wanda ake so, to, bayan sunyi sulhu sai a karya su.

Pruning taimaka rejuvenate da shuka, da kuma yanke apical harbe da ake amfani da m haifuwa. Don inganta kayan ado na balsam, wajibi ne a cire tsoffin rassan rassan, da ganyayyaki da furanni.

Yadda za a dalsam na cikin gida

Daga cikin masu furanni, wanda sau da yawa yakan ji tambaya mai zuwa: yadda za a yi amfani da "Roly Rum" yadda ya dace. Da farko, kana bukatar ka sani cewa dakin dakin yana dashi a cikin bazara, kuma kawai idan akwai bukatar su dashi a lokacin rani. Bugu da ƙari, duk tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar canza canji a mazauninsu. An shuka tsire-tsire mai girma, ko kuma bayan shekaru 2-3 an sake sabunta shi ta hanyar rushe manyan kayan aiki (wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci, saboda lokacin da balsam ke tsiro ya zama marar kyau).

Lokaci mafi dacewa don farawa na balsam gida shine karshen Fabrairu ko karshen Maris, kuma jerin dukkan ayyukan su ne kamar haka:

  1. Ɗauki tukunya da dama (zai fi dacewa mafi girma) kuma cika shi da kwata na kwata;
  2. Zuba a cikin tukunyar ƙasa tattalin bisa ga girke-girke na sama;
  3. Ruwa da ƙasa tare da dumi, ruwa mai tsabta;
  4. Kafin dasa dashi, tsaftace ƙasa a cikin tukunya, daga abin da za ku dashi shuka, don haka duniya za ta iya rabu da sauri daga tushensu;
  5. A hankali a cire kayan shuka daga tukunya na baya, bayan sunyi shi a ko'ina (don haka zai zama sauƙin cire shi tare da clox earthy);
  6. Yi hankali a duba asalinsu da kuma cire duk wani rauni, yankan su zuwa nama mai lafiya.
Cire gaba daya cire tsofaffin ƙasa ba lallai ba ne, saboda akwai hadarin lalacewar furen kanta. Yawan diamita na sabon akwati ya fi girma fiye da baya, amma kawai ta 2-3 cm, in ba haka ba shuka zai bada dukkan kokarinta na gina tushen tsarin, wanda zai sa blooming.

Shin kuna sani? A Ingila, ana kiran balsam "Diligent Lisa".

Raba da balsam dakin

Za'a iya yin yaduwar balsam a cikin hanyoyi biyu: cuttings da shuka tsaba.

Cuttings

Cutarwa ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta girma da tsire-tsire. Ana amfani da shi a cikin bazara ko lokacin rani, yanke cuttings daga bushes balsam. Tsawon wuraren da aka yanke ya kasance daga biyar zuwa bakwai centimeters, kuma kowane ɗayan su dole ne a ƙalla biyu ƙauye. Bar da buds dake a ƙasa dole ne a cire.

Yaya za a iya yanke balsam da kyau? A gaskiya ma, wannan hanya bata da rikitarwa kamar yadda zata iya gani a farko. Za a iya shirya mai tushe a cikin akwati da ruwa kafin a samu tushen, ko nan da nan a sauko da ƙasa. A matsayin ƙasa mai kyau, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da peat, vermiculite da perlite, tare da su a daidai wannan rabbai. Yana da a cikin wannan ƙasa cewa an sanya cuttings, bayan haka kasar gona ta karami ne a kusa da su. Sa'an nan kuma an yi ƙasa a cikin tukunya, kuma an sanya akwati a cikin jakar filastik.

Idan cututtuka suna girma a ɗakin dumi da haske, za suyi zurfi sosai a cikin mako guda, kuma bayan watanni uku zasu ba ku kyawawan furanni.

Tsaba

Don ninka balsam tare da tsaba, zaka buƙaci shirya cakudaccen ƙasa na perlite da peat (1: 2), kuma bayan dasa shuki tsaba, kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin + 20-25 ° C. Ba ka bukatar ka binne tsaba sosai a ƙasa, zurfin 0.7-1 cm zai isa. Bayan shuka, ana yayyafa kasar gona da ruwa kuma an sanya shi a karkashin gilashin. Tsaba ya kamata tashi a cikin kwana 8-10 bayan dasa shuki (kimanin sharudda).

Babu wani hali da ya kamata ya kamata a yi watsi da ƙasa, saboda wannan zai iya haifar da lalacewar seedlings "black leg". Bayan da tsire-tsire suka haura, zai yiwu a sannu a hankali don ta saba da ita ta iska. Lokacin da seedlings suka kai 1.5-2 cm tsawo, suna yin ɗaukar tsire-tsire.

Yana da muhimmanci! Tambayar yadda za a dasa shukin balsam a cikin tukwane mai tsabta ya kamata ya fito ne kawai a lokacin da kowane seedling zai sami 1-2 gaskiya ganye.

Matsaloli, cututtuka da kwari na balsam, ku yaki su

Samar da balsam a cikin tukwane da kuma samar da yanayi mafi kyau ga ci gaban da bunƙasawa, wanda ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa an yi shuka ba akan dukan cututtuka da matsaloli. Alal misali, yawancin zafin jiki a cikin daki da rashin iska mai zafi ba ta cikin hanyar mafi kyau ta shafi yanayin furen: ƙwayoyi sun bushe, kuma flowering yana raguwa sosai. Don dawo da shuka zuwa tsohuwar jihar, dole ne a sake saita yanayin mafi kyau ga ci gabanta. Duk da haka, kada mu manta cewa irin wadataccen abinci na iya cutar da balsamine, saboda yana taimakawa wajen bayyanar naman gwari da ci gaban mold.

Da bayyanar alamun farko na cutar rashin lafiya, dole ne a dauki matakai masu dacewa: an cire furen daga cikin tukunya kuma, a hankali yana girgiza tushen asalin ƙasa, an dasa su a cikin akwati tare da sabuwar ƙasa, mafi kyaun ƙasa da tsarin tsabtace kyau.

Da zarar ka sami juyawa a ƙasa, ka maye gurbin saman saman da ƙasa mai kyau. Gudun cutar, za a iya rage chances na shuka don samun ceto.

Lokacin da furanni ya fadi, dole ne a sake duba yanayin balsam. Musamman ma, abubuwan da ke haifar da "fall leaf" sau da yawa iska mai bushe, rashin ruwa, rage yawan zafin jiki, rashin haske da kuma ciyarwa.

Rashin haske a cikin dakin da rashin hasken rana yana iya samun mummunar tasiri a kan launi na ganyen iri dabam-dabam, wanda, idan akwai rashin isasshen haske, ya zama kodadde da rashin amfani. Wannan factor kuma shi ne dalilin daɗaɗɗa da yawa na harbe, wanda adversely rinjayar da kayan ado na balsam.

Wata shuka mai rauni na shuka ko rashin cikakkensa zai iya kasancewa saboda rashin karancin kayan abinci ko tsinkaya ga kayan da ake amfani da nitrogen wanda zai taimaka wajen bunkasa foliage. Sau da yawa, tukunyar tukunyar furen da ba ta da kyau, wadda ta dace ta hanyar watering, ba zai iya zama tushen dalilin irin waɗannan matsalolin ba.

Daga cikin sauran cututtuka na balsam, ba zai yiwu ba a raba raunin gizo-gizo, wanda aka rage ta rashin zafi. Zaka iya rabu da furanni tare da taimakon maganin kwari.

Bugu da kari, ta yin amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman, za ku iya yin yaki da aphids (ko whitefly).