A amfani da kuma unpretentious tushen amfanin gona - Urushalima artichoke. Girman girma da kuma dasa shuki, da kuma kulawa da kulawa

Urushalima artichoke (ƙasa pear) yana da amfani, mai girma-samar da gwaggwabar riba, tsire-tsire marasa amfani, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi a matsayin abincin, da kuma ganyayyaki na abinci mai ganyayyaki.

Don samun girbi mai kyau na Urushalima artichoke, kana buƙatar tuna cewa wannan shuka za a iya girma a wuri guda na shekaru masu yawa, wanda ba zai shafe yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin ƙasa ba, amma ana dauke da yankin da kyau kuma yana da nisa daga wasu tsire-tsire, kamar yadda wannan giant zai iya kawar da sauran al'ada; yana da juriya mai sanyi, ba damuwa ba ne game da ƙasa (kowane ƙasa ya dace, sai dai don acidifying kasa), ya jure wa fari sosai, amma tare da matsanancin danshi shi rots.

Yadda za a yi girma daga pear daga tubers da tsaba da kuma inda za a samo su, da abin da ake buƙata don bunkasa shi a gida da kuma yadda za a shuka shuka a kan gonar don samun girbi mai kyau. Wannan kuma da yawa za a bayyana a cikin labarinmu.

Yadda za a zabi sahun dama?

Don zaɓar iri iri iri na Urushalima artichoke, kana buƙatar ganin manufar girma wannan shuka:

• a matsayin magani;
• asali a matsayin wani ɓangare na zanen yanayi;
• don amfanin ɗan adam a abinci ko abincin dabbobi.

Kusan dukkanin irin fasahar artichoke na zamani a cikin kiwo a yau an yi amfani da su wajen samun dukkanin ɓangaren tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, da kuma yawan adadin tubers daga daji. An ci gaba da iri iri iri, siffa mai ban mamaki wanda aka ƙãra tuberization da ƙananan taro mai duhu.

Kowane iri-iri yana da halaye na kansa, wanda za'a iya samuwa a teburin.

Binciken kwatanta na iri sun nuna cewa a halin yanzu Omsk farin da Leningradsky sun kasance daga cikin mafi kyau iri, kamar yadda suke dace da cike da noma da kuma bada babban yawan amfanin ƙasa na biyu tubers da kore taro.

Hotuna

Hoton ya nuna abin da Urushalima artichoke yayi kama.

Inda da kuma nawa ne za'a iya sayan iri?

A kowane yanki akwai kamfanoni, masu cin kasuwa masu zaman kansu, masu masaukin baki da suke aiki da tsire-tsire iri iri da kuma samar da kaya don sayarwa. Offers don sayarwa sauƙi don nema a Intanit.

Alal misali, kamfanin "Ryazan sararin samaniya" daga birnin Sapozhok na yankin Ryazan yana sayar da artichoke na Urushalima a cikin kunshin 30 kg, farashin ya zamo daga 5 zuwa 15 rubles a kowace kilogram. A Moscow, za'a iya sayan kayan kayan fasahar Urushalima a farashin farashin daga 27 zuwa 35 rubles a kowace kilogram (Gorobets AV, IP, Starominskaya, Cheerful Kryska, IP, Moscow). A St. Petersburg - farashin mai pear daga 25 zuwa 150 rubles a kowace kilogram (ana karɓar umarni daga 10 kg), kamfanin "lafiyar al'umma" ya sayar da shuka.

Girma ƙasa a cikin ƙasa bude a kan shafin

Saukowa na artichoke na Urushalima za a iya gudanar da shi a cikin ƙasa da kuma gida a cikin kwantena. Yawanci, ana dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa saboda kudan zuma. Yadda za a ninka? Za a iya kwantar da pear ƙasa a hanyoyi biyu.:

1. vegetative (tubers, sassa ko idanu);
2. generative (tsaba, hanya mai tsawo, gyaran fuska, yana buƙatar ilimin na musamman).

Za a iya dasa shuka a cikin fall (mafi kyau a yankunan kudancin kasar) 10-15 days kafin farawa na sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara, lokacin da kasar gona ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 16-18.

Tubers

Yaya za a yi girma a cikin ƙasa a fili?

1. Zaɓi wuri mai kyau, wuri mai bushe don hana tubers daga rotting.
2. Shirya gado na lambun ta wurin juye shi a kan bayonet spade kuma ƙara takin ko gurasa.
3. Kafin dasa shuki amfani phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani.
4. Zaɓi ƙwararren lafiya, mai kyau (6-8 cm), ba tare da lalacewa da lalacewa ba, tare da wasu buds.
5. Yi amfani da kayan rigakafi tare da duk wani maganin immunocytophytic dake kare lafiyar cutar kuma ya kara girma.
6. Yi furrows a kan tudu da shuka tsire-tsire a nesa da akalla 40 cm daga juna, da kuma rage su a cikin ƙasa ta 7-15 cm, dangane da girman tuber. Girma tare da jere jerawa - 60-70 cm
7. Bayan fituttuka sun bayyana, sako da gado da sassauta shi da kyau. Yi wannan hanya sau uku tare da wani lokaci na makonni 2.
8. Dama da tsire-tsire a lokacin da tsawo ya kai 10 cm: mafi nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ne 45 cm, tsakanin layuka - 30 cm.
9. Spud harbe a lõkacin da suka kai 20 cm ba ga tsawo, da kuma ciyar da urea. (A tsakiyar lokacin rani za ka iya sake yin tsawa tare da cike da humus ko kayan lambu na bara).
10. Girman shuke-shuke da suka kai mita mita zuwa manyan goyan baya.
11. Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, yanke flowering buds ko yanke bushes har zuwa mita 1.5 a tsawo.

Girma a matsayin kasuwanci

A halin yanzu, Urushalima artichoke ya kasance a cikin inuwar wasu albarkatun gona, kodayake kwayoyin biochemical da yawan amfanin ƙasa sun fi girma fiye da na shuke-shuke da suka saba. Riba daga girma bishiyar pear ya wuce 300% tare da kuɗi kaɗan. Alal misali, masana harkokin tattalin arziki sun gano cewa don bunkasa sabuwar gonar katako da yanki 50 hectares, ana bukatar buƙatun rubles 812 miliyan. Wannan shi ne kimanin kimanin kuɗin gonar. Wannan adadin ya hada da farashi don sayen kayan aikin noma, sayan iri, da kayan magani da kuma ma'adinai, farashin mai da wutar lantarki.

Tabbas, kudaden shiga daga sayar da koreyar taro da sabon kayan fasahar Urushalima artichoke ya dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa da farashin naúrar. Amma har ma da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa da tubers (a cikin iyakar 20 t / ha) da sake dawowa kan zuba jarurruka masu yawa zai zo a farkon shekara ta noma na artichoke na Urushalima. Tsarin zai iya samar da harkar kore har zuwa 1000 kg / ha, tubers - 400 kg / ha!

Noma da kuma haifuwa daga Urushalima artichoke a kan masana'antu masana'antu yana da amfani sosai. Agrotechnical namo ne kama da fasaha na girma dankali:

1. Ana buƙata tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a karkashin Urushalima artichoke.
2. Dole ne a yi amfani da takin gargajiya, wanda aka binne a cikin ƙasa a cikin kaka ko bazara, dangane da lokacin dasa shuki tubers.
3. Zai zama abin da zai dace don bunkasa pear-pear a kan ridges don haka a karkashin yanayin halayen mummunan gidan tuberous ba zai daskare ba kuma bata damewar ci gaba da shuka ba.
4. Sake bugun Urushalima artichoke a cikin masana'antu masu girma dabam ne kawai ne da tubers. Halin dasa shuki ta 1 ha ya dogara ne akan tsarin dasawa da girman dasa shuki. A matsakaita, 1-1.2 ton na tubers ana shuka su ne a kowace hectare. Idan kana buƙatar samun girbin tuber mai girma, sai saukowa ya zama ƙasa da sau da yawa (90x25 cm), idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin taro mai duhu, to, ku yi saukowa a cikin layuka kuma ku rage fadin jeri na jere zuwa 70 ko 60 cm.
5. Don hana ci gaban weeds, kafin fitowar harbe ana bada shawarar yin wani abu ko sau biyu.
6. Bayan fitowar harbe, an bada shawarar yin noma a tsakanin layuka da hargitsi. Ƙarin kula da kayan lambu na shekara ta farko na dasa shuki ya ƙunshi sassaƙawar lalata da kuma lalata weeds a cikin layuka.

Don amfanin gona na duniya yana tasowa a kan sikelin masana'antu yana buƙatar tarkondon noma ƙasar, da mai girbi na dankalin turawa don girbi. Yawan aikin yi zai dogara ne akan adadin kayan aiki, kuma ma'aikaci ɗaya zai iya shiga cikin matakai da yawa da aka gudanar a wasu lokuta na ci gaban shuka.

Don yin rajistar ƙungiyar shari'a don ƙirƙirar kasuwancinka, kana buƙatar:

1. ƙirƙira kamfanin kamfani na kamfanin, ba saba wa doka;
2. ƙayyade adireshin shari'a;
3. zaɓa Lambobin OKVED;
4. yanke shawara game da adadin yawan kuɗin shiga;
5. gabatar da shawarar wanda aka kafa ko minti na babban taro da kuma yarjejeniyar akan kafa kamfanin LLC;
6. shirya charter na kungiyar;
7. rubuta takardar neman rajistar jihar;
8. biya kuɗin kuɗi (4000 rubles);
9. mika dukkan takardun zuwa ga aikin binciken ku.

Muna bayar don kallon bidiyo, inda aka gabatar da ra'ayoyi don kasuwanci a cikin noma na Urushalima artichoke:

Kurakurai da mafita

Girbi

Girbi noma da aka samar, dangane da iri-iri, daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Kafin tsaftacewa, yanke mafi tsawo a tsawo na 15-17 cm. A lokacin da aka kirkiro 'ya'yan itatuwa an zabi mafi yawan tubers, to suna buƙatar wankewa, dried, mai laushi, yayyafa da yashi ko yarinya, kuma a ajiye shi a cikin ginshiki mai sanyi, kallon yanayin ajiya: 85-95% zafi da zazzabi +4 digiri.

Za a iya adana hotunan Urushalima a kan gidan kayan lambu, a cikin firiji, amma lokutan ajiya sune kananan - makonni 2-3. Game da shekara guda, ana iya adana 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin samfurin tsari.

Cututtuka da kwari

Wannan inji ne kadan mai saukin kamuwa ga cututtuka da kwari. Amma a bushe ko sanyi da damana rani zai iya yin rashin lafiya:

• fararen launi (a kan mai tushe mai juyayi, juya zuwa cikin girma na launi baki);
• Alternaria (ganye suna rufe launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa, sa'an nan kuma injin ya bushe);
• powdery mildew (ganye suna rufe hankali tare da launin launin fata mai launin launin fata).

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don magance wadannan cututtuka: yankan da shuke-shuke da ke konewa ko sau ɗaya ko sau biyu sarrafa shuke-shuke tare da figicides a yanayin dumi.

Earsha pear zai iya cutar da:

• ƙaura;
• mice;
• Ya kasance;
• slugs;
• sauti;
• May beetles da larvae.

Don magance su, zaka iya amfani da sabulu mai mahimmanci, jigon tafarnuwa. Slugs yana buƙatar haɗuwa ta hannun ko kuma farawa tsakanin layuka na tarko.

Tsarin ban mamaki na Urushalima artichoke sannu-sannu ya rinjayi gonakin kasarmu, da rashin sanin sa, tsayayya da cututtukan cututtuka da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa zai samar da shuka a cikin bukatar da ake bukata a nan gaba.