Kayan lambu

Dukkan game da karamin karas: daga tarihi na zaɓi don dasa shuki da girbi

Karas ne mai kyau na kayan lambu na laima. An kafa tushen amfanin gona a farkon shekara ta rayuwa kuma an cinye shi nan da nan.

Karas suna na kowa a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe kuma sun hada da nau'in nau'i 60. Da farko, kawai ganye da tsaba ana amfani da abinci, kuma daga baya suka fara girma da shi domin kare kanka da kayan lambu tushen.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu magana game da karas rawaya: amfanin da kuma kayan lambu, kayan kirkiro, iri iri da halaye, da kuma dasa kayan lambu.

Brief history of selection

A baya can, ba'a nuna launin karamin rawaya ba.. An samo wannan kayan lambu mai tushe a cikin daji. Yanzu akwai wasu hybrids da nuna masu shayarwa. Har zuwa karni na 16, tushen launi daban-daban zai iya yada, kuma yanzu wannan yanayin yana dawowa.

Masu shayarwa daga kasashe daban-daban suna gudanar da bincike a kan ci gaba da sababbin iri da nau'o'in karas. Akwai nau'o'in karas, wanda aka samo a matsayin amfanin gona don amfanin dabbobin gida. Masana ilimin halitta suna aiki kullum don inganta dandano, zaki, yanayi mai kyau na ripening da ajiya na karas.

Akwai launuka daban-daban na karas: orange, yellow, purple and white. Mafi mashahuri shi ne karamin rawaya.

Mene ne wannan kayan lambu da abin da yake kama da ita?

  • Shuka: Tsakanin karamin rawaya suna kama da gungu mai tsummoki mai laushi kamar gashin tsuntsu.
  • Tushen kayan lambu: rawaya, elongated tushen kayan lambu ke tsiro karkashin kasa.

Mene ne bambanta da wasu nau'in?

  1. Yawan karamin rawaya ya bambanta da sauran nau'in launi da dandano. Yana da sassauci da kuma dan kadan daban-daban amfani Properties. Launi na rawaya karas yana ba da sinadarin xanthophyll.
  2. Karamar ruwan rawaya yana dauke da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da orange.
  3. Ganyayyun kayan lambu na ganye suna da lutein, wanda zai hana matsaloli daban-daban tare da tsarin jijiyoyin jini.
  4. Carorie yellow karas ya wuce orange.
  5. Don girma wannan nau'in karas yana buƙatar sauyin yanayi.

A ina ake girma?

Zai fi dacewa don girma ƙasar a kudancin Rasha don girma karas rawaya, amma idan kun kirkiro yanayin gine-gine, za ku iya girma kamar orange a ko'ina cikin ƙasar.

Yafi dacewa don bunkasa yanayi:

  • Yankin Krasnodar.
  • Crimea.
  • Rostov da kuma yankunan Samara.

Ko da a cikin yanayin sanyi na Moscow, Leningrad Oblast da Primorsky Krai, karas suna girma a kan sikelin masana'antu.

Sorta

Mafi shahararrun irin karamin rawaya ne Mirzoi 304, Hasken Rana da Yellowstone.

Mirzoi 304

An kaddamar da shi a Uzbekistan. Ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar yaduwar matasanta da kuma balaga (kimanin kwanaki 100). Yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin kudancin kudancin ya kai mita 6.5 a kowace murabba'in mita, a arewacin yankunan da alamar yawan amfanin ƙasa ita ce sau 2. Tushen suna haske rawaya da rawaya, a gindin tushen zai iya samun launin kore.

Harshen karas ne mai fadi da yawa tare da ƙarshen zane. Tushen diamita yana kusa da 3 cm, tsawon shine har zuwa 15 cm Ba'a adana iri-iri ba don dogon lokaci, sabili da haka ana amfani dashi don amfani da sabo ko shiri na juices.

Hasken rana

Ana shigo iri-iri masu launin rawaya. An fassara shi cikin harshen Rashanci, sunan nan na nufin "rawaya rana". Wannan karamin yana da haske mai launin rawaya a cikin nau'i. Tsawonsa har zuwa 19 centimeters. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne dadi, m da crispy. Ripens da sauri (har zuwa 90 days), don haka wannan iri-iri ne na farko. Wannan nauyin ya dace da frying da aiki, yana yiwuwa ya adana. Ba dace da ajiya ba.

Yellowstone

Wannan iri-iri ne ya dace da yankunan Rasha inda ƙasa ke kwance. More resistant zuwa wasu cututtuka na tushen amfanin gona. Har ila yau, 'ya'yan itace maƙaura ne, mai launin rawaya a launi. Ganyoyin noma sune na bakin ciki da tsawo (har zuwa 23 cm). Da iri-iri ne farkon da kuma bada arziki girbi.

A ina zan sayi kayan dasa?

A Moscow:

  • Za a iya ba da umurni daga 'yan sandan Yellowstone daga kantin sayar da yanar gizo na SEEDSPOST. RU a farashin 75 rubles na 0.9 g kuma a cikin kantin sayar da layi Meda 1000 0.9g - 47 rubles.
  • Ana iya saya samfurori na 'ya'yan' ya'yan karamin 'ya'yan karan a cikin lambuna na Semiramid don 180 rubles na kashi 25 a cikin fakitin.

A St. Petersburg:

  • Ana sayar da tsaba na takardar Samfur na Yellowstone a Kasuwancin Kasuwanci Kasuwanci 0.5g - 49 rubles.
  • Sutuna Semko karas cin abinci Yellowstone 0.9g - 75 rubles.

Chemical abun da ke ciki

Abin da sinadaran sunadarai sun hada da bitamin, macro-da micronutrients.

Vitamin abun ciki:

  • A (183.3 μg).
  • B1 (0.1 MG).
  • B2 (0.02 MG).
  • B3 (PP - 1 MG).
  • Tare da (5 MG).
  • K (13.2 μg).
  • Beta-carotene (1.1 mg).

Abubuwan Macronutrients:

  • potassium (234 MG);
  • allura (46mg);
  • Magnesium (26 MG);
  • sodium (30 MG);
  • phosphorus (40mg).

Da abun da ke ciki na siffar alama alama (0.6 MG).

Amfana da cutar

  1. Vitamin A kunshe a cikin karas yana da tasiri mai amfani akan gani, fata da kuma ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi.
  2. Vitamin B (carotene) yana da alamun antioxidant.
  3. Vitamin K yana da alhakin jini a cikin jiki. Rashin wannan bitamin yana rage matakin prothrombin cikin jini.

Vitamin a karas suna taka muhimmiyar rawa:

  • a cikin rigakafin avitaminosis;
  • inganta aikin zuciya;
  • suna da tasiri da tasiri.
Doctors bayar da shawarar cin karas ga ciwon sukari. Saboda babban abun ciki na xanthophyll a cikin karamin launin rawaya, an rage yawan hadarin ciwon kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.

Akwai kuma cutar daga cin ƙananan karas. Ba za a iya cinye shi ba lokacin da:

  • gastric da duodenal miki;
  • tare da gastritis;
  • tare da ƙara yawan acidity na ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ci da allergies zuwa wannan samfur.

Rashin amfani da karas yana haifar da launin fata.

Shirin Matakan Mataki na Mataki

Ana shirya don saukowa

  • Inventory. Idan an dasa karas a kan manyan yankuna, to sai ku yi amfani da mawaki. Suna ba ka izinin rarraba kayan shuka a zurfin da ta hanyar daidai daidai. Ga kananan yankunan amfani da sassan da masu shuka. Ka'idojin aikin su na kunshe ne da turawa da tsaba tare da taimakon sanda da kuma bazara zuwa cikin tsararru da aka shirya a baya.
  • Ƙasa. Kasar gona don dasa shuki karas ya kamata a kasance sako-sako da, m da haske, kyauta daga weeds. Kafin saukarwar, ana nomawa filin saukarwa, kuma kafin a saukowa, sai su fashe. Yana da kyau idan an yi amfani da ƙasa tare da taki.
  • Tsaba. Tsaba kafin a dasa shuki an dasa su a cikin ruwan dumi tare da adadin ƙananan manganese (ga disinfection) na kwana 3. Sa'an nan kuma an bushe tsaba da fara dasa.

Tsarin aiki

Lokaci

An dasa shuki a cikin bazara, da zaran ƙasa ta warkewa kuma ta tashi. Masana ilimin halitta sun bada shawarar yin shuka a farkon wuri don rage hadarin lalacewar 'ya'yan itace ta hanyar kwari a ƙasa.

Idan aka shuka kafin hunturu, ya fi kyau a yi shi a ƙarshen kaka a farkon watan Nuwamba, kafin lokacin sanyi. Idan ka shuka karas a baya, ƙwayoyin za su iya cigaba da daskare sannan a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara.

Tsarin

A mafi kyau duka sigogi don dasa shuki rawaya karas tsaba ne kamar haka:

  • da nisa daga cikin gadaje - 13-14 cm;
  • yawan layuka a cikin gado - 4;
  • nisa tsakanin layuka - 20-25 cm;
  • nisa tsakanin tsaba - 1.5-2cm;
  • zurfin shuka iri - 2 cm.

Dole ne ku dasa tsaba kawai a shafin yanar gizo:

  1. A kan gadon da aka kwance, an sanya m (cm 2) mai zurfi 5 cm.
  2. Grooves suna shayar da karas tsaba an dage farawa a gare su.
  3. An dasa tsaba a hankali an rufe shi da cakuda yashi da peat.
  4. Wataniya daga sama ba'a bada shawarar nan da nan, kamar yadda tsaba zasu zurfi cikin ƙasa.

Kula

Karas suna rawar jiki sosai - game da makonni biyu zuwa uku. A harbe na karas iya tsayayya kadan sanyi.

  1. A lokacin germination na tsaba na yellow karas bukatar a kai a kai tara da weeds.
  2. A ƙasa dole ne podpushivyu kamar yadda ake bukata.
  3. Da zarar ɓangarorin biyu na farko sun bayyana, dole ne a kara karas ɗin don haka nesa tsakanin sprouts shine 3 cm.
  4. Lokacin da wasu ganye biyu suka girma, nesa ya zama 5-6 cm.

Daidai microclimate

Kyakkyawan microclimate yana da zafin jiki na digiri 16 ko fiye, matsananciyar zafi da ƙasa mai laushi mai haske tare da samun dama ga oxygen:

  • Ga karatun Mirzoi 304 Bukatar zafin jiki ba kasa da digiri 16 ba. A farkon girma zamani, high zafi da muhimmanci ga wannan iri-iri.
  • Ga Hasken Hasken Rana buƙatar yawan zafin jiki na 18 digiri da sama.

Watering

Karas suna buƙata don ban ruwa, musamman ma a farkon matakai na girma, don haka ya kamata ya isa isasshen ƙasa don shayar da ruwa 30 cm zurfi.

Ba za mu iya barin ƙwayar busassun ya zama a ƙasa ba. Ba a yarda da ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi ba, ruwan dole ne ya kasance da zazzabi mai zafi.

Top dressing

Ana ciyar da karas jaunes a karo na farko 3 makonni bayan fitowan kuma a karo na biyu watanni biyu bayan haka.

  • Daga kwayoyin taki Zaka iya amfani da taki mai kaza (a cikin rabon 1:30) da kuma dung (1:10) a cikin guga na ruwa. Add 1 kopin itace ash zuwa cakuda.
  • Daga ma'adinai mai ma'adinai Yi amfani da nitrophoska a cikin maida 1 teaspoon da guga na ruwa. Har ila yau shirya wani bayani na 20 g na gishiri, 15 g na urea da superphosphate guda biyu a cikin guga na ruwa.

Sugar iska

Don sassauta ƙasa ya kamata a kai a kai, rana daya bayan watering a ko'ina cikin tsawon lokacin kara girma.

Weeding

Wajibi gadaji ya zama kamar yadda al'adun ke tsiro. Kada ka ƙyale babban tsire-tsire, kamar yadda tushen zasu yi girma.

Mulching

Don mulching shafi yankakken ciyawa ko sawdustwanda aka shimfiɗa a tsakanin gadaje da wani Layer na 10-15 cm Wannan zai tallafa wa microclimate kuma rage mita na watering da weeding.

Girbi da ajiyar amfanin gona

Karamun rawaya sun kasance a farkon iri, don haka ana iya fara girbi a watan Yuni. Ana janye karas daga ƙasa don mafiya, an girgiza su kuma an gwada su.

Dukkan kayan lambu sun bushe, tsabtace daga sama da adana a ajiya. An yi lalacewa don sake sakewa.

Ana ajiye karas a cikin cellars a cikin katako ko filastik kwantena a yawancin yadudduka. An yayyafa yashi a tsakanin yadudduka.

Ingancin aikin injiniya na aikin gona

  1. Tsallaka sosai na layuka.
  2. Ƙarancin watering.
  3. Ƙasa mara kyau.
  4. Girbi na ƙarshen.
Duk waɗannan kuskuren za a iya kaucewa idan muka fara fitar da layuka a lokaci, mu hana ƙasa daga bushewa, amfani kawai sako-sako da ƙasa da girbi a lokaci.

Cututtuka, kwari da rigakafin su

  • Yawancin karamar karamar ruwan sau da yawa ana shawo kan karas. Alamar shan kashi - tayi tsayi. Wannan kwari yana bayyana a cikin gadaje masu girma da ƙananan girma. Kashe kwaro tare da taimakon sunadaran, irin su Aktara, Decis.
  • Har ila yau, karas sha wahala daga phimosis ko alternaria. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yana taimakon Bordeaux 1%. Don prophylaxis, ba a yarda ya overmoisten kasar gona da kuma bakin ciki fitar da tsire-tsire a lokaci.

Cin karas

Karas za a iya ci raw, Boiled, daskarewa da bushe:

  1. Suna yin salatin daga gishiri mai hatsi, sunyi karamin ruwan 'ya'yan karam.
  2. Ana kara da karas da yawa a salads.
  3. Yi karas na farko da jita-jita daga karas.
  4. Fresh ruwan 'ya'yan itace taimaka tare da maƙarƙashiya, raunin bitamin, anemia, ciwon makogwaro, don wanke hanta da kuma gallbladder.

Karamar karam ne ƙwayoyin karancin calorie.sabili da haka, wannan kayan lambu mai tushe za a iya cinyewa a cikin babban rabo, kuma mai arziki abun ciki na bitamin bazai cutarwa ga lafiyar.

Bugu da ƙari, dafa abinci, ana amfani da kayan lambu a cikin ilimin cosmetology da magani. Amfani yau da kullum a cikin abincin wannan tushe daidai yana shafar lafiyar lafiyar kuma yana taimaka wajen kawar da shi da kuma hana cututtuka masu yawa.