Yawancin masu shayarwa a Holland sun san manoma a fadin duniya. Suna da irin halaye kamar: kyakkyawar shuka, yawan amfanin ƙasa, mai kyau na waje da kuma dandano iri iri na tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu fama da cututtuka. Daya daga cikin wakilai na kamfanin Bejo shine Baltimore karas F1.
Wannan labarin ya bayyane abubuwan halayen Baltimore F1 karas, da ka'idojin girbi da ajiya.
Alamar
Bayani tare da hoto
A karas na wannan iri-iri suna da kyau bayyanar da dandano. Bright orange Tushen da santsi conical siffar. Gilashin karas ne mai santsi, tip din yana tasowa, fatar jiki ne na bakin ciki. Tsawon 'ya'yan itace 20-25 cm, kauri shine 3-5 cm. Nauyin' ya'yan itacen shine 200-220g. Jiki yana da kyau, ainihin mahimmanci. Bar hanyar da aka watsa. A shuka a cikin wannan iri-iri ya kai tsawo na 40 cm.
Dubi karin hotuna na nau'ikan Baltimore F1.
Mecece ce?
Hybrid nasa ne na "Berlikum-Nantes" iri-iri tare da halayyar da shi madogarar kayan lambu. A tsawon kuma nisa, sun wuce da nau'in "Nantes".
Adadin fructose da beta carotene
A iri-iri ne shahara ga ta muhimmanci da sinadirai, abincin abin da ake ci da warkaswa Properties. 100 g na karas dauke da:
- Fructose 7.0 - 7.5%;
- abu mai zurfi 11.5 - 12.5%;
- Beta carotene game da 22.5 MG.
Shuka lokaci
Shuka daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu. Za'a iya dasa a kwanan wata. Karas za su sami lokaci don samun nauyi kuma su samar da siffar halayyar tushen.
A farkon girbi, ana shuka ne a ƙarshen kaka.
Germination
Tsaba suna da kyau germination, da high yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma dandano mai kyau da halaye kasuwanci.
Matsanancin nauyin tushen
Tushen tushen shine daga 0.15 zuwa 0.25 kg, tare da matsakaici na 0.2 kg.
Yawan aiki daga 1 ha
Yawan aiki a wannan sahun yana a babban matakin. Yawan amfanin gona a kowace hectare ne 336 - 604 tsakiya.
Ƙayyadewa da kuma kiyaye inganci
A matasan yana da high yawan amfanin ƙasa, kuma, sabili da haka, ana amfani da su a cikin na sirri da gonaki na biyu da kuma namo masana'antu. An yi amfani da karas iri-iri don yin kayan lambu, mai dankali, abincin baby. Ana amfani dashi a dafa abinci, da aka tabbatar da daskarewa da canning.
Abincin yana kula da tafiyar da dogaro da yawa kuma yana da kyawawan dabi'u. Lokacin lura da zazzabi da zazzabi za'a iya adana shi har zuwa sabon girbi. An yi saiti don tanadin ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Yankuna noma
Carrot iri-iri Baltimore F1 an girma a cikin irin wadannan yankunan:
- Tsakiya.
- Ƙasar tsakiya ta tsakiya.
- Arewa maso yamma.
- Yamma Siberian.
- Siberian Gabas.
- Far East.
- Volgo-Vyatka.
- Lower Volga da Ural.
An samu yawan amfanin ƙasa a yankin tsakiyar Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, wannan nau'i-nau'i ne mai ban sha'awa a Belarus, Moldova da Ukraine.
Zaɓi wuri
Baltimore F1 yana girma ne a kowane yanki, a ƙarƙashin kasancewa ƙasa mai laushi kuma babu duhu. Amma karas za a iya girma ba kawai a bude filin, amma har a greenhouses. Hanyoyin da suka dace da irin wannan namo za su kasance a baya matuƙar fiye da ƙasa. Gilashin ya kamata ya kasance a wuri mai dafi kuma yana da kyau.
Resistance ga cututtuka da kwari
Karas wannan iri-iri suna da kyau jure cututtuka da kwari. Tsarin suna da babban tsayayya da cututtuka na fungal da kuma powdery mildew, kuma amfanin gona mai tushe yana da mummunar da aka ba da nematode, wanda zai iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Karas suna sau da yawa shafi bushe, fari da kuma launin toka rot. Don kaucewa wadannan cututtuka, ana amfani da takin mai magani da kuma nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, ana bi da ganye tare da cakuda Bordeaux. Gwaje-gwaje sun hada da kararrawa. Its larvae ci gaba a cikin ƙasa da kuma harba tushen. Irin wannan kwayoyi kamar Actellic, Decis Profi da Arrivo suna fama da shi.
Rubening
Yana da nau'o'in matsakaici na matsakaici. Daga lokacin da sprouts ya bayyana kafin girbi, yana daukan kimanin kwanaki 100. Da iri-iri ya dace da samar da samfurori na farko, wanda kwanakin 90 suka isa.
Ƙasa
Yayi la'akari da rashin jin dadi da rashin kyauta. Haske, ƙasa mai tsabta kuma mai ban sha'awa, kamar loams, sun dace da girma. Idan kasar gona ta kasance mummunan kuma ba sako-sako ba, an shirya ta da yashi, peat, sawdust.
Frost juriya
Yana da kyakkyawar juriya sanyi, yana jure sanyi. Bisa ga yawan zafin jiki da zafi da aka buƙata za'a iya adana har zuwa sabon girbi. Ya dace da yawancin yankuna na Rasha.
Baltimore F1, ba kamar wasu iri ba, yana da kyau ga amfanin gona na hunturu.
- Ana shuka tsaba a tsakiyar watan Nuwamba, an shafe su da busassun ƙasa.
- Ana kan rufe manyan gadaje da peat ko humus.
- Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo a kan gado yana yin snowball don hana overcooling na tsaba.
Tarihin kiwo
Aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin Baltimore F1 ya samo asali daga kamfanin Bejo. Wannan matasan yana daga cikin ƙungiyar varietal da yawa Berlikum / Nantes. An gudanar da wannan zabin bisa ga sanannun nau'in Nandrin F1 tsakanin manoma.
Masana ilimin halitta sun canza nau'o'in iyayensu, suna tsallake shi tare da wasu nau'o'in, inganta yanayinta da kuma ƙarfafa juriya daga mafi girma zuwa cututtuka. Matasan da ke samuwa suna da dandano mai kyau. An yi amfani dashi a dafa abinci da kuma shirye-shiryen juices ga yara da abinci.
Bambancin Baltimore F1 - matasan na farko. Da tsaba da aka samu daga gare ta (ƙarni na biyu) zai ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa na karas. Saboda haka, dole ne a saya tsaba daga masu sana'a.
Menene bambanci daga wasu nau'in?
- Fast azumin.
- Ganyoyin noma sun fi tsayi kuma sun fi girma.
- Ƙarin maganin cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Daidaita don tsaftace mai tara.
- Girma a matsayin al'ada don ajiya na dadewa.
- Very m iri-iri.
- Mahimmin mahimmanci.
Ƙarfi da raunana
- Ƙara ƙanshi da juiciness na 'ya'yan itatuwa, da fataccen fata.
- Suna da siffar cylindrical da haske mai launi mai haske.
- Babban abun ciki na mahadar carotene.
- Rage raguwa.
- Babban gyaran ayyuka.
- Amincewa da tafiya da kuma ajiya na dogon lokaci
Girmawa
Carrot iri dake Baltimore F1 dasa a farkon spring ko kafin hunturu. Don dasa shuki tsaba zabi sako-sako da tsabtace ƙasa. Ƙasa ƙasa ta ƙara yashi, peat ko sawdust. Saukowa ya zama rana. Don shuka tsaba, gadaje 20-25 cm na tsawo, an yi su kamar yadda kauri daga cikin ƙasa ya wuce tsawon amfanin gona.
Ana shuka tsaba daga wannan nau'in a cikin layuka 20 cm ba tare da juna ba.A zurfin tsagi shine 2-3 cm, nisa tsakanin tsaba shine 4 cm. Kasar gona na buƙatar yaudara ta yau da kullum.
Mutuwar sau 2:
- 2 makonni bayan fitowan;
- to, wasu kwanaki 10.
Bambancin Baltimore F1 baya buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa a lokacin girma.
Tattara da ajiya
- Kafin karɓar albarkatu masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna shayar da shafin. Rashin ƙasa ƙasa yana taimakawa da hakar karas zuwa farfajiya. Halin yanayin Baltimore F1 yana da tsayi, tsayi, da kuma girbi ana yin ta hanyar hanya.
- Crop karas bushe don da yawa kwanaki, sa'an nan kuma ana jerawa. An girbe kayan lambu masu lalacewa don kauce wa kamuwa da sauran kayan lambu. An cire gaba ɗaya daga saman.
- Mataki na gaba - an tura karas zuwa daki inda za'a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki daga -2 zuwa +2 digiri kuma yanayin iska yana 90-95%.
Cututtuka da kwari
- Dry rot - mycosis, wanda aka fara sashi na farko na sassa na iska, sannan daga bisani, asalinsu.
- Farin fari - rinjayar tushen.
- Gishiri mai laushi - Cutar cutar da ta lalata karas.
- Carrot tashi Jiko na tafarnuwa ko albasa ya yi yaƙi da shi.
Matsalar girma da mafita
Cunkushe maras kyau na karas zai kai ga rashin lafiya da mutuwar dukan amfanin gona.
Don hana bayyanar rot a cikin kayan lambu mai tushe, dole ne ku bi ka'idojin da suka biyo baya:
- ba za a iya dasa shi ba a cikin sanyi da tsawa;
- takin isasshe;
- girbi a cikin ruwan sama;
- Kada ka ƙyale matsanancin zafi a ajiya.
A cikin wuraren da mycosis ya shafi 'ya'yan' ya'yan karamar 'ya'yan itace, shekara ta gaba, kafin a shuka iri, dole a dauki matakai don hana hana haifar da matakan mycotic:
- Yi shuka magani na farko;
- deoxidize kasar gona;
- Tsayar da matakan fasaha don sauya yanki;
- lokacin da za a fitar da amfanin gona;
- kauce wa kariyan kari;
- a kan ewa na tarin tushen amfanin gona, aiwatar karas Bordeaux.
Irin wannan iri
Akwai nau'o'in karas iri iri, wadanda suke kama da Baltimore F1. Wadannan sun hada da iri iri:
- Artek.
- Canning.
- Nandrin F1.
- Napoli F1.
- Nelly F1.
- Lydia F1.
- Belle.
- Tushon da Chocolate Bunny.
Duk wadannan iri suna da wuri. Launi na tushen shine orange-ja, siffar 'ya'yan itace ne cylindrical tare da ƙarshen ƙaddamar. Mahimmin yana da bakin ciki, ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai kyau, ƙananan suna da ƙarfi. Daban suna da tsayayya ga fatattaka.
Ƙididdigar Baltimore ba ta da kyau, yana bada babban yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, dace da ajiya na dogon lokaci. Yana da matsanancin bukatar tsakanin manoma. Kyakkyawan karas na gurasar ya nuna cewa iri-iri na Yammacin Holland Baltimore F1 - daya daga cikin mafi kyau.
