Gerbera wani ganye ne mai ban sha'awa na iyalin Compositae (ko Aster). Game da nau'in jinsin 70 an san. Kasashen furanni suna Afirka ta Kudu.
Akwai labari game da gerberas. Kogin nymph mai suna Gerba yana sha'awar kyakkyawa ba kawai samari ba, har ma 'yan mata. Ciki mai yawa ya gaji da kyau nymph, ta so ya zama wani kyakkyawan fure mai kyau, wanda daga bisani ya zama mai kira gerbera.
A cikin labarinmu za ku koyi inda wannan ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ya fito, daga bayan wanda ake kira shi. Za mu gaya muku yadda za ku yi girma da kuma kula da su sosai. Hakanan zaka iya kallon bidiyo mai amfani akan batun.
Asalin furen
Bayanan kimiyya na farko na shuka ya bayyana a cikin ayyukan mai suna E. Gronovius a cikin shekara ta 1737. Gerbera ya fara kira wannan injin domin likitan likitan Jamus T. Gerber. Hanyoyin iri iri na zamani sun bayyana ne sakamakon hanyar hayewa na biyu na Afirka ta Kudu - Jameson gerbera da leaf leaf gerbera. Gerbera yana daya daga cikin al'adun da suka fi muhimmanci a fure-fure, sayar da su a dukan duniya tare da fure, carnation, chrysanthemum da tulip.
Gerbera - hasken wutar lantarki da zafi wanda zai iya girma ne kawai a cikin kasashe masu zafi a filin bude. A cikin yanayin tsakiya na tsakiya za'a iya girma ne kawai a yanayin yanayi. Babu nau'in gida a Rasha, don haka gerbera bai riga ya dauki wurin da ya dace ba.
Yanayin furanni
Kwayoyin Gerbera suna kama da laisies (an tattara su a cikin kwandon kwandon kwari, sun shirya su daya kuma sun kai 0.04-0.15 m a diamita). Akwai launi iri-iri, sai dai blue. Akwai siffofin terry da nau'i-nau'i guda biyu, wadanda suka bambanta da juna ta hanyar "petals", tsawon kuma nisa.
Yanayin girma a gida
Ana iya samo tsaba daga cikin wadannan tsire-tsire a kan shelves na shagunan flower.. Amma tsire-tsire ne mai kyau, kuma a lokacin hunturu bazai yi watsi da ita ba tare da tsari ko ba tare da tsari ba. Wannan shuka don rani za'a iya dasa shi cikin gonar a tukunya. Kuma a lokacin hunturu wajibi ne don tsaftace gida, saboda fari na farko zai kashe rassan wannan shuka.
An sayar da Gerbera a shagunan kayan shaguna a cikin tukwane a cikin furanni. Bayan ya kawo shi gida, bayan lokaci, za ka lura cewa ya yi hasarar bayyanarsa, ya daina yin furanni, kuma ganye ya zama maras kyau. Dalilin shi ne cewa gerbera wata shuka ce mai matukar muhimmanci.
Yanayi da abin da gerbera zai yi girma ba zai hallaka ba:
- Hasken walƙiya. Dole ne a shuka shuka a gefen kudu. Kuma a cikin hunturu, domin gerbera yayi girma sosai, yana buƙatar ƙara ƙarin haske har ma a kudu masogin.
- Darajar na gina jiki na duniya. Da zarar an kawo shi daga shagon, yana da kyau zuwa nan da nan a sa shi a cikin tukunya mai girma. Bayan makonni biyu, kamar yadda tsire-tsire take da tushe don fara ciyarwa. Ciyar da shuka shuka don wardi, suna da mafi yawan abubuwan gina jiki.
- Regular watering. Rashin bushewa daga cikin matashi yana haifar da wilting daga cikin ganyayyaki, kuma suna fada.
- Binciken dindindin. Gerbera yana da ƙananan ganye, wanda ke son kwari kwari.
Dubi bidiyon game da siffofin kulawar gerbera a gida:
Tsarin hanyoyi
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don yadawa da girma a gerbera. Yi la'akari da su.
Seed
Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauki, wani lokacin bazai aiki ba domin tsaba gerbera basuyi kyau ba. Don amfanin gona mai kyau ana bada shawara don amfani da sabbin kwayoyin gerbera kawai.. Mafi dace lokaci don shuka tsaba shine spring.
Shuka tsaba yana da sauƙi, ana kwashe tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai laushi na gilashin filastik, sanya su a saman, yafa masa ƙasa mai busassun kuma sake yadawa. Tabbatar sanya a karkashin fitila.
Yana da muhimmanci: Irin nau'o'in gerberas suna girma a fili.
Lokacin da furen yana da littattafai 2-3, dole ne a gudanar da farawa na farko.. Ana yin karinwa na gaba a cikin kashi biyar, amma a cikin tukwane. Ciyar da fara ba da wata daya bayan zama a cikin tukwane daban-daban (don ƙarin bayani game da girma gerbera daga zuriyar, karanta a nan).
Duba bidiyo a kan girma gerbera daga tsaba:
Division
Bayar da ku don yin babban adadin matasa shuke-shuke daga wani balagagge. Hakan yana da rinjaye ga tsofaffiyar gerbera, samun matasa na biyu, ya ci gaba da girma da kuma ci gaba. Matsayi mafi kyau ga gerbera wanda ya dace da rarraba an dauke shi shekaru 4.
Yi wannan hanya a lokacin rani. Lokacin da shuka ya rabu da shi wajibi ne a cire shi daga cikin furanni, ya girgiza kasa kuma ya raba shi da wuka a cikin sassa.
Kowace yanki ya kunshi wasu ganye, ɓangare na mafaka na kasa da kuma ɓangare na tushen. Yawan tsayi suna dafa, yana barin 10-15 cm a tsawon.
Cuttings
Yi amfani sosai saboda rashin dacewa. Wani ɓangare na tushe tare da ganye an yanke kuma an dasa shi a cikin akwati dabam tare da ƙasa a zazzabi ba ƙananan digiri 20 ba.
Dasa da kula da furanni a gida
Ya kamata a dasa injin a kan wani makirci tare da gefen rana. Kuna iya shuka gerberas a cikin dukkanin ƙasa, babban abu shi ne a yi amfani da takin gargajiya tare da takin mai magani. Ruwa kada ta damu. Kasashen kasa ba su da shawarar yin shuka gerberas, saboda wannan tsire-tsire yana da cututtukan cututtuka, wadanda sukan bunkasa cikin takin gargajiya.
Hakazalika, ana shuka itatuwan gerbera masu yawa a cikin yanayin ɗakin. Sai kawai don girma yana bada shawara don amfani da perlite ko wani abu mai rauni wanda ya zama mai rauni wanda bai dace da cututtukan fungal ba. Tsire-tsire masu girma a tsabta mai tsabta suna buƙatar takin gargajiya tare da takin mai magani..
Gerbers girma a cikin substrate bukatar ciyar kowane mako biyu. Don ciyar da tsire-tsire a hunturu ba lallai ba ne. Watering ya zama matsakaici, kamar yadda substrate ta kafe. Don ban ruwa amfani da ruwa mai laushi da ruwa kawai.
A lokacin da ake ci gaba da girma, ana shayar da gerbera da yawa, amma basu yarda da ruwa ba. Furen furen an cire su da sauri don ƙarfafa ci gaban sabon flower stalks.
Board: Domin hunturu, an rhizome rudin, zuba tare da sawdust ko yashi kuma adana shi a wuri mai bushe a zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 5-8 a ko'ina cikin hunturu, har sai bazara.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kuskuren kowane shuka da dama idan an saka shi ba daidai ba. Wannan shi ne dalilin cututtukan gerber da gaskiyar cewa an kai hari ta hanyar kwari.
Gizo-gizo mite. Ganye ya juya rawaya kuma ya fada a kashe. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda iska mai bushe da kuma rashin danshi. Don kaucewa wannan, yana da muhimmanci a yi motsi a cikin ɗaki a kai a kai kuma kar ka manta da ruwa.- Mealy dew. Ya bayyana a lokacin da yin ruwan sanyi tare da ruwan sanyi, mai sauƙin zafin jiki mai sauƙi. Lokacin da cutar dole ne a ware daga wasu tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
- Whitefly da aphid. Yana farawa a baya na ganye kuma ya sa qwai. Sake haifuwa yana da sauri sosai. Yana faruwa a sakamakon rashin rashin ruwa.
- Fari da launin toka. Ya bayyana saboda waterlogging. Ana bayar da shawarar an cire littattafan da aka shafa don cirewa, tofa da shuka tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate.
Gizo-gizo mite. Ganye ya juya rawaya kuma ya fada a kashe. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda iska mai bushe da kuma rashin danshi. Don kaucewa wannan, yana da muhimmanci a yi motsi a cikin ɗaki a kai a kai kuma kar ka manta da ruwa.Ƙara koyo game da dalilin da yasa gerbera ya juya launin rawaya kuma yadda za a magance shi, karanta wannan labarin.
Daidaitawa da duk yanayin kulawa zai taimaka wajen bunkasa gerbera a gida ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma na dogon lokaci don ƙawata furanni masu kyau a kan windowsill ko cikin gonar.
