Hanyoyi da ka'idoji don shayarwa a cikin gida

Balsam - tsire-tsire wanda yake da kyau sosai a tsakanin magoya bayan furanni na gida, da kuma tsakanin mazauna rani, saboda yana da kyau sosai kuma yana iya farantawa da furanni na dogon lokaci. Ba ya buƙatar kowane fasaha na musamman da kuma tsarin haifuwa daga wannan furen: yana da isa ya karya fashi na iri da kake son da kuma sa shi. To, yaya za a ninka balsam a wannan hanya? Lokacin da ake buƙata a yi, menene aikin aikin ya kamata a yi, ta yadda za a dasa dashi da kuma yanke wani yankan a ƙasa da ruwa, kuma menene karin kulawa da ake bukata? Kuma a karshe, menene zai iya barazanar ɗaukar suturar transplanted kawai? Amsar ita ce cikin labarin.

Hanyoyi, wadata da fursunoni na hanya

Yankan - tsarin tsarin vegetative na shuka, wato ma'anarta ta sassa daban-daban - cuttings. Wannan hanyar ƙwarewa yana da amfani da yawa:

• Hanyoyi suna sa ya yiwu a kiyaye dukkan nauyin nau'in nau'in flower, wanda ba zai iya yiwuwa ba a yayin da aka shuka ta tsaba.
• Kayan fasaha na yaduwa ta hanyar cuttings yana da sauƙi: ko da mabukaci mai iya sa shi.
• Ana iya ganin sakamakon grafting nan da nan. Idan yankan balsam a farkon spring (Maris), a lokacin rani da aka kafa shuka zai kasance a shirye don flowering.
• Wannan hanya mai tsabta yana da tasiri: kawai a cikin rare cuttings tushen tsarin ba ya ci gaba. Babban dalili na irin waɗannan abubuwa shine yanayin da ba daidai ba ne na rushewa ko rashin biyan duk bukatun wannan hanya.

Amma ba dukkanin iri da nau'in balsam ba za'a iya hadewa: wannan hanya mai tsabta yana da kyau ga nau'in nau'in fure-fure (misali, Sabon Guinean ko Waller balsam), amma shekara-shekara suna haifa ne kawai (yadda za a shuka gonar balsam daga tsaba da kanka, zaka iya ganowa a nan) .

Yadda za a yanka a gida?

Lokaci

Kusan yawancin ana aiwatarwa a cikin bazara. Wannan lokaci na shekara yana taimakawa ga hanzarta dukkanin matakai na rayuwa wanda ke faruwa a cikin shuka. A cikin bazara na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sukan fara raba, suna haifar da sababbin, sabili da haka tushen zasu iya bayyana a cikin cuttings. Haka ne, kuma yanayi na yanayin bazara yana taimakawa da sauri, da ci gaba da cigaba da sabon ƙwayar balsam.

Taimako! Za ka iya tushen da cuttings, a yanka a lokacin rani da kaka. Irin waɗannan cututtuka suna da alaka da nau'in balsam wanda sun shafe tsawon lokacin rani a filin bude; ta wannan hanya za su ci gaba a lokacin hunturu.

Ayyuka na shirye-shirye

• Cuttings. An zaba tsire-tsire mai kyau, wanda ya yanke sama da ƙananan matashi tare da 2 - 3 interstices game da 8-10 cm tsawo.Ta harba dole ne ba tare da furanni, kuma idan har yanzu suna can, dole ne a cire su. Ana cire ganye, waɗanda aka samo a ƙasa da yankan, an cire su a sama. Kafin tsarin farawa, za ka iya tsoma magungunan stalks a cikin maganin maganin.

  Don samo tushe a hankali, injin da za a yanke, za'a bada shawarar a mako kafin hanya don ciyar da takin mai magani.

• Ƙasa. Rashin raguwa ko cakuda peat, vermiculite da perlite a cikin rabo 1: 1: 2 zai dace da tsayar da yankan a cikin ƙasa. Peat zai ciyar da tsire-tsire, kuma perlite da vermiculite za su ba da lalata ƙasa, breathability, hana overheating da overcooling na tushen bunkasa tsarin.

  Lokacin da aka shuka tsire-tsire da aka dasa a wuri mai dadi, ko dai kasan ƙasa mai saya daga kantin sayar da kaya ko cakuda da aka shirya tare da hannayenka ya kamata a dauka (gonar gona da yashi sun haɗu a daidai sassa; ƙasa mai laushi, peat da kogin yashi sun haɗu da kashi 2: 1: 1 ). Babban yanayin: kasar gona ya kamata ya zama mai gina jiki da kuma haifuwa.

• Pot. Don shafe ƙwayoyi a cikin ƙasa, zaka iya yin amfani da kofuna na filastik, amma kada ka manta su sanya su ramuka. Filaye na zahiri zai ba da damar yin la'akari da yanayin ci gaba da tsarin tushen balsam. A tukunyar da za'a dasa shi a bayan da za'a iya dasa shi da filastik, kayan shafa, da yumbu.

  Babban mahimmanci ga akwati shi ne haɗin ramuka a cikin kasa na tukunya da karamin ƙara, diamita na jirgin ruwa. Balsam yana farfadowa yayin da tukunya yake raguwa. Idan ƙarfin ya yi girma sosai, to, dukkanin sojojin na shuka za su yi amfani da su don kara tushe da ganye, kuma zaka iya manta game da flowering. A matsayin wani zaɓi: ana iya dasa wasu cututtuka da dama a lokaci ɗaya a cikin wani akwati mai fadi, to, bishiyoyin balsam za su zama lush.

Saukowa

1. Yi duk abin da kake bukata don dasa shuki balsam:
   • Tushen cututtuka;
   • tukunya.
   • Matsayi;
   • malalewa;
   • scapula.
2. Ƙananan tukunya don 2 - 3 cm ya cika da malalewa, sauran wurare sun cika da substrate.
3. A cikin maɓallin da hannu don yin ƙananan ƙananan zuciya, wanda yake daidai da ƙarar zuwa girma na matasan tushen tsarin yanke.
4. Ƙananan seedling a cikin wuri, a hankali daidaita da tushen. Idan yankan ya samo asali a cikin ƙasa, to dole ne a canza shi ta hanyar canja shi: cire sprout daga cikin tukunya na baya, kuma, ba tare da lalata ɗakin ba, sanya shi a cikin sabon tukunya.
5. Don cike da mafakar tushen da mafarki tare da gishiri, da murkushe shi da hannu don gyara a ƙasa.

Gyara

Balsam za a iya kafe a cikin ruwa da kuma a cikin substrate.

A cikin ruwa

Yanke cuttings suna nutse cikin ruwa a cikin dakin da zafin jiki, wanda aka zuba a cikin akwati da aka yi da gilashi duhu ko filastik. Dole ne a biya hankali a kan gaskiyar cewa babu wata ƙananan ganyayyaki na lalacewa cikin ruwa., kamar yadda suke iya haifar da tsarin lalata.

Bugu da ƙari, ruwa bai kamata ya cika tank din gaba daya ba: ya kamata a sami iska a ciki, wanda tare da ruwa zai taimaka wajen aiwatar da tushen asali. An saka jirgi da petiole a wuri mai haske da dumi (ba kasa da + 17C) ba. Gyara cikin ruwa yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 7 zuwa 14.

Muna gayyatar ku ku duba bidiyon game da tushen kayan cututtuka cikin ruwa:

A cikin substrate

1. Gilashin tukunya yana cika da malalewa, sannan kuma tare da yashi mai yayyafi ko cakuda peat, vermiculite da perlite.
2. Tare da taimakon fensir, an yi wani karamin igi (1.5 - 2 cm), inda aka yanke yanke kuma an sarrafa ta "Kornyovin".
3. Ƙasar da ke kewaye da yanki an ƙaddara shi.
4. An saka tukunya a cikin dumi (ba kasa da + 17C) da wuri mai haske. An kafa tushen tsarin a cikin ƙasa bayan makonni 1 - 3.

Sabili da haka, tabbatar da sanya akwati tare da rike a cikin wani karamin gilashi. A matsayin gine-gine, zaka iya amfani da jakar filastik, akwati na abincin filastik tare da murfin kayan shafa, ko kwalban filastin yanke. Tare da zuwan tushen farko greenhouse za a iya cire. Amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa an bude wannan greenhouse yau da kullum don samun iska, in ba haka ba hanyar tserewa za ta iya juya ba.

Biyo

Bayan da aka dasa shinge da aka sa a cikin tukunya, dole ne a shayar da shi tare da dan kadan mai dumi tare da kariyar potassium permanganate. Dole ne a dauki kula don tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a cikin tukunyar balsam yana cike da rigar.. Amma barci na laima ba za a iya bari zuwa tushen ba rot.

Don samun damar yin amfani da iskar oxygen a asalinsu, ya zama dole kada ku manta da wani lokacin don sassauta saman Layer na madauri zuwa zurfin 1 cm. Ana iya sanya damar da aka shuka a kan tagogin windows da ke fuskantar gabas ko kudu maso gabas. Balsamine ya fi son penumbra, yana da mahimmanci cewa ganye ba su fada cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba.

Temperatuwan saukad da lokacin rana da dare zai iya rushe shuka, dole ya kamata thermometer ba ya fada a ƙasa + 16C. Lokacin da shuka ya dace a cikin tukunya da farawa girma, ya kamata ku ciyar da shi sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 10: zaka iya amfani da taki na musamman daga shagon, ko zaka iya canza ma'adinan nitrogen da phosphate kawai.

Mene ne yanayin yanayin muhalli da aka yi la'akari da shi don balsam, da dokoki don kula da furanni, karanta littattafanmu.

Idan wani abu ya ɓace

• Cutar da matasa seedlings tare da cututtuka (misali, m mold) (game da abin da akwai cututtuka na Balsam, magani da rigakafi, mun gaya mana a nan). Yana da wannan cutar da ke haifar da mutuwar balsam seedlings. Kuma kasuwa na wannan ƙwayar cuta zai iya kasancewa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ake amfani dashi don dasa shuki da aka yanke. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don amfani da samfurori da aka saya ko kuma kula da cakuda da aka shirya da hannu tare da furotin ko thermally.
• Rotting cuttings. Wannan zai yiwu idan muka manta da damuwa akai game da yin amfani da "greenhouses" a yau da kullum inda aka aiwatar da tsire-tsire.
• Rashin tsirrai a cikin ruwa ya ƙare. Zai yiwu cewa yanki ya bushe. Ya isa ya samu petiole daga cikin ruwa kuma ya sabunta sautin. Kuma tabbatar da cewa gudun hijirar bata fada cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Yanke shi ne mafi kyawun hanyar haifar da balsam, wanda baya buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman da cinye lokaci. Ta wannan hanyar, zaka iya fadada rayuwar rayuwar da kake so, da kuma tabbatar da furen wannan flower a duk shekara.