Yana da wuya cewa za'a sami akalla mai shayarwa mai ban sha'awa wanda ba zai yi mafarki ba da ciwon orchid a cikin ɗayan itatuwan fure mafi kyau da kuma mafi girma a duniya. Duk da haka, wasu suna tsoron girman kai. Wasu suna tsoron wahala a cikin haifuwa. Wannan labarin shine ga wadanda suke da sha'awar wannan tambaya ko yana yiwuwa a yada wata orchid a cikin hanyar iri.
Halaye na furanni
Orchid an zama a matsayin iyalin Orchid. Wannan itace tsire-tsire, wadda yawancin jinsuna da nau'o'in varietal ke wakilta a yau, da bambanci a tsayi tsawo, girman, siffar da launi na furanni. A cikin yanayin, akwai kimanin dubu 25. Na gode wa kokarin masu shayarwa, kimanin 100,000 siffofin samfurori sun bayyana.
Tsarin tushen wannan al'ada an bunkasa sosai. Yana samar da hanyoyi masu yawa da iska. 
Tsayi na kara zai iya zama daban. Akwai nau'ikan jinsuna, kai mai tsawo na 30 cm, kuma tsayi, wanda tsayi ya kai 1 m.
An kafa kwayoyin halitta a matsayin nau'i a kan kafar ko kafar. Matsakaicin diamita na furanni da aka sanya a cikin inflorescence shine 25 cm. Petals sune fari, ruwan hoda, purple, Lilac, rawaya, baki, wanda aka ƙaddara tare da inclusions a cikin irin bugun jini, dige. Flowers suna da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi.
A cikin al'ada al'ada girma 2 iri orchids:
- Monopodial - Tsarin ya tashi.
- Simpodial - Tsarin yana tsiro a sarari.
Shin kuna sani? A yanayi, akwai nau'o'in orchids wadanda ba za su iya daukar hotunan photosynthesis ba. Suna jagorancin salon rayuwa - shirya a kan wasu tsire-tsire, zurfafawa a jikin su na mycelium, wanda yake kan tushen, kuma ta haka ne ya karbi kayan abinci.
Bayanai da yanayi mafi kyau don saukowa a gida
Orchid za a iya watsa shi cikin hanyoyi 5:
- peduncle peduncle;
- rudun da ke cikin ruwa;
- sararin samaniya;
- reshe na yara;
- tsaba.
Hanyar karshen ita ce mafi yawan lokaci da cinyewa. Ya dace wa mutanen da suke sha'awar aikin lambu, zasu iya ajiye lokaci don wannan tsari kuma suna da haɗin haƙuri. Furewa a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma ta hanyar iri yana faruwa shekaru 4-5 bayan dasa.
Ya kamata a ce masu shayarwa ba su kula da yaduwa da orchid na dogon lokaci ba. Dalilin shi ne cewa tsaba na wannan furen kadan ne, suna da wuyar tattara da shuka, ba tare da suna da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta ba. A shekara ta 1903, masanin burbushin halittu na Noel Bernard ya bayyana cewa ƙwayoyin orchid basu ci gaba ba, saboda sun rasa kayan abinci. Zai yiwu su yada su kawai ta hanyar haɗuwa da fungi microscopic. Na gode wa wannan, masanin kimiyya ya samu nasarar shuka seedlings na farko. 
Yau, don yada tsaba, ana dasa su a cikin cakudaccen sinadaran. Ana gudanar da sakawa a cikin bazara. A cikin dakin inda za a yi germination, ya zama dole don kula da yawan zafin jiki + 25 ... + 28 ° C, zafi 70% da kuma haske rana don 14 hours. Irin wannan yanayi za a iya cimma ta hanyar shirya wani karamin gine-gine ko greenhouse.
Ana shirya don saukowa
Domin haifuwa ta hanyar hanyar iri, za'a buƙaci saye:
- tsaba;
- na sinadaran substrate;
- iyawa don germination da zaba.
Ana iya samo tsaba daga tsire-tsire mai zuwa, amma saboda wannan, za a gudanar da pollination artificial.
Karanta yadda za a sami wani orchid don yayi furanni.Ba a sanya jinsin iri a cikin kwalaye ba, amma a cikin gilashin gilashi ko kwalba tare da lids. Za'a iya saya filashi a kantin kayan sana'a.
Tsarin germination kuma abu ne mai ban mamaki - dole ne agar-agar, matsakaicin na gina jiki na Lewis Knudson ko ganga-sphagnum. Girma a cikin nau'in substrate - sphagnum - zai iya zama matsala saboda yana da wuyar yin shi bakararre kuma tare da wani mataki na acidity.
Germination ne tsananin bakararre. 
Don haka kuna buƙatar:
- Bada walƙiya ko kwalba tare da lids, kamar yadda aka adanawa - nunawa zuwa tafasa, da motsawa, yin gasa a cikin tanda ko injin lantarki. Tsawancin tsarin tsarin haifuwa shine tsawon minti 30-40. A cikin microwave a cikakken iko - 3-5 minti.
- A agar-agar (10-15 g) zuba ruwa don haka ya kumbura.
- Ku zo zuwa tafasa distilled ruwa (200 ml).
- Saka agar agar, glucose (10 g), fructose (10 g) a cikin ruwan zãfi. Tare da yin motsi, narke dukkanin sinadaran.
- Don cimma burbushin da ake bukata na 4.8-5.2 pH, toshe 1 digo na potassium carbonate ko tukunya, kothophosphoric acid. Dole ne a duba pH tare da takarda litmus, wanda dole ne a saya a gaba a ɗakin ajiya.
- Zuba ruwan zafi a cikin kwalba ko kwalba.
- Rufe kwantena tare da lids.
- Sanya a saucepan da ruwa tsawon minti 30.
- Bincika sakonni ta hanyar rufe takaddun tare da auduga kuma barin su a wannan matsayi na kwanaki 5.
- Minti 10 kafin dasa shuki iri a cikin ƙwayar na gina jiki, dole ne a tsoma shi a cikin wani bayani na chlorine (10 g CaCl² / 100 ml na ruwa).
Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a shuka abincin shuka kawai a cikin maɓallin da ya wuce gwajin don sterility. Idan bayan kwanaki 5 da kayan kafa ya kafa a ciki, ba dace da dasa ba. Yana buƙatar shirye-shiryen sabon substrate.
Yadda za a shuka da shuka tsaba
Don shuka shi ma wajibi ne don haifar da yanayin bakararre.
Anyi wannan ne kamar haka:
- Filas ko kwalba an sanya su a cikin raga wanda aka sanya a sama da tururi yana zuwa daga ruwan zãfi.
- Tweezers haifuwa.
- Ana daukan tsaba tare da tweezers kuma an sanya shi a cikin fitila, wanda aka girgiza a kowane lokaci don haka an rarraba kayan abu a cikin maɓallin.
- An rufe abubuwan da ke rufewa.
- An sanya shi a cikin wani gine-gine, mini-greenhouse ko dakin da microclimate mai shawarar.
Lokaci na fitowa daga tsire-tsire zai dogara ne akan jinsin da aka girma. Wasu suna ci gaba bayan wata daya, bayyanar wasu suna da daraja kimanin shekara ɗaya. Sprouts da farko suna kama da kananan bukukuwa. Sa'an nan kuma suka bayyana zanen gado, kuma kawai sai tushen. 
Shekara guda daga baya, sprouts zai buƙaci nutsewa, watau, zaunar da su a cikin kwantena masu rarraba, a cikin ƙasa marar yalwa. A saboda wannan dalili, ƙananan tabarau da aka yi da filastik. Suna cike da ganyen sphagnum, wanda aka hade tare da tushen fern da Pine a daidai da rabbai da murmushi da aka kunna (10 allunan / 1 l na substrate). Rabin sa'a kafin a fara dasawa a cikin ƙasa, ana zuba shi da ruwan zãfi.
Kayan fasaha na dauka kamar haka:
- Tsuntsaye sun janye daga walƙiya ta amfani da forceps a madauwari motsi. Idan wannan matsala ne, toshe ya cika da ruwa mai dumi kuma yana jira ya zama ruwa.
- Kowane tsire-tsire da aka fitar da shi an sanya shi a cikin ɗaki na musamman.
- Ƙarfin da aka sanya a cikin yanayin dumi.
- A nan gaba, sprouts zai buƙaci a kai a kai, kamar yadda ya cancanta, wanda aka yadu daga raga mai tsafe tare da ruwa mai dumi mai dumi.
Muna ba da shawara ka karanta yadda za a yi amfani da manna cytokinin don farfaɗar orchids.
Ginin dashi
Tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa na ƙasa da tukunya mai tsayi zai iya zama watanni 6 bayan ɗaukar. Don dasa shuki yumbu ko gilashin filastik daidai da girman rhizome.
Ana iya sayan ƙasa a cikin shagon. Wajibi ne don zaɓar maɓallai wanda akan saka shi an ƙayyade "Domin orchids". Yana da muhimmanci cewa kasar gona mai haske ne, sako-sako da, tare da mai kyau mai laushi da iska. Hakanan za'a iya yin ta hannun.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shiri na haɗuwa, dangane da jinsunan girma:
- Ƙunƙarar (1 kashi) + barkon hawan (5 sassa).
- Pine haushi (5 sassa) + ganyen sphagnum (2 sassa) + gawayi (1 part).
- Humus (3 sassa) + peat (1 part) + gawayi (1 part) + raƙumar motsi (1 part).
Idan an sayi ƙasa a cikin shagon, to baka buƙatar wanke shi. Masu sana'a sun kula da wannan. Mix, dafa hannunsa, da za a yi masa disinfected. Zaka iya rike shi tsawon sa'a daya a kan tururi, tafasa, ƙone a cikin tanda ko microwave, zuba 1% manganese bayani ko, a cikin matsanancin hali, ruwan zãfi. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai lalacewa, dole ne a kiyaye shi don kwanaki 3-4 don bushe.
Don dasa shuki shuka kochid a cikin tukunya mai tsarki, dole ne ka:
- Zuba babban layin magudi zuwa kasa na tukunya don haka yana daukan 1/4 na tanki. Yayinda ake amfani da kayan tsawa mai amfani da claydite, tubalin fashe, dutse da aka yi.
- Zuba wata Layer na ƙasa a kan malalewa.
- Sprout don saka a cikin tsakiyar tukunya.
- Nada tsarin tushen.
- Cika kasa da ƙasa, barin 1.5-2 cm daga gefen tukunya.
- Yi haske mai haske.
- Moisturize
Koyi yadda za a yi ruwa a orchid a gida.
Bayanan kula
Don ciyawa mai noma na orchids kana buƙatar haske mai haske, mai tsabta na yau da kullum, yawan iska mai yawa.
Haske ya kamata ya zama mai haske, amma ya watsu. Hasken rana hasken rana contraindicated. Hasken rana ya wuce daga 12 zuwa 14 hours. A cikin hunturu, dole ne a bunkasa inji na cikin gida tare da haske mai wucin gadi daga fitilu.
Za a iya samun isasshen haske idan ka yi girma a orchid a gabas da yammacin shinge. A gefen kudanci, hasken yana bukatar a rarraba, da kuma inji don inuwa. Wasu nau'i na iya girma a arewa, amma mafi yawan a wannan wuri ba zai iya girma ba - ko dai sun rasa sakamako na ado ko sun bushe.
A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, adadin orchid yana jin dadi a zafin jiki na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. A yawancin ƙananan, yawancin jinsuna sun ki su yi fure. A cikin hunturu, flower yana buƙatar lokaci mai dadi tare da ragewa a cikin zafin jiki zuwa + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Humidity duk shekara zagaye ya kamata a kiyaye a 60-70%. Irin waɗannan sigogi za a iya cimma ta hanyar spraying yau da kullum, aiki a humidifier, ajiye tukunya a kan pallet tare da pebbles rigar. A lokacin da yaduwa kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa saukewa ba su fada akan gabobin shuka ba, saboda wannan yana haifar da bayyanar spots.
Watering da furen da aka yi da zarar samanso ya bushe - yawanci sau 2-3 a mako. A cikin sauran lokuta, zai zama isa sau 1 a cikin makonni 1-1.5.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin aiwatar da watering ya kamata a tuna cewa orchid yakan yi haƙuri na gajeren lokaci fari, rashin kula da danshi damuwa. Ko da magunguna suna haifar da mutuwar shuka.
Moisturize furen ɗaki tare da famfo ruwa ta hanyar tace wanda ya cire chlorine da cututtuka masu cutarwa, ko kuma zaunar da kwanaki 1-2.
Don furen yana da kyau a yau da kullum, dole ne a ciyar da shi lokaci-lokaci. Ana amfani da takin mai magani a lokacin girma - daga bazara zuwa farkon kaka, 1 lokaci cikin makonni 2. Suna amfani da takin mai magani na duniya: Agricola, Kemiru Universal, Doctor FOLI Starter, Labarin Mister - Wagon, ko tsarin da aka tsara musamman don al'adun wannan ɗakin, misali, Orchid mai launin fata, Doctor FOLI Orchid.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani ne kawai bayan ban ruwa. In ba haka ba, akwai hadarin ƙone tushen. Ciyayi marasa lafiya ba'a hadu ba, a cikin lokacin hutawa da wadanda aka dasa su kasa da wata daya da suka gabata.
Orchid ya jure wa dashi dashi. Saboda haka, an samar da shi ne kawai a matsayin mafakar karshe ta hanya ta tayar da hankali. Domin kada a sake kwantar da kayatarwa mai kyau, to ya fi dacewa don sake sabuntawa a kowace shekara. 
Yadda za a magance kwari da cututtuka
Idan an keta siginar microclimate da aka ƙaddara ko kula da matakai, furen ya yi hasarar tasirinsa, yana fara ciwo ko cutar kwari ta shafi shi.
Daga cikin cututtuka, orchid mafi sau da yawa barazana tushen rot. Yana rinjayar injin, idan an sau da yawa kuma ana kiyaye shi cikin yanayin sanyi. A flower withers, ya ganye fada. Don ajiye shi, an buƙaci buƙatar gaggawa. An cire shuka daga tukunya, yanke sassa masu cututtukan, da lafiya - bi da su da wani bayani mai ruwa-ruwa na potassium permanganate ko kowane tsarin fungicide. Kasashen bayan da aka tsaftace asalin suna da wuta tare da cike da gawayi ko gawayi. An shuka shi a cikin sabuwar ƙasa da tukunya.
Kara karantawa game da yadda ake hanawa da magance cututtuka don cututtuka.
Daga cikin kwari don cututtuka sune mafi haɗari:
- Gizo-gizo mite. Wannan ƙananan ƙwayar shan magani na 0.1-0.2 cm cikin girman, wanda ke kan tsire-tsire masu girma a yanayin zafi da rashin zafi. Zai iya zama baki ko ja. A cikin rayuwar rayuwa bar launi a kan yanar gizo. Tsarin yana haifar da shi ta hanyar launin rawaya da kuma faduwa da launi, bayyanar launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye. Don warkar da furen, yana buƙatar a yayyafa shi da tafarnin tafarnuwa, tare da Abollo, Flumaite, Sunmite acaricides.
- Mealybug. Idan ƙananan kwari yana da girman 0.2-0.5 cm, jikinsa wanda aka rufe shi da fararen fata da gashi, an lura da furanni, to, wannan ƙumshi ne. A yayin ayyukan rayuwarsa mai cutarwa, sai ya bar ƙasa da tsire-tsire na launin fararen launi wanda ke kama da nau'in auduga. Lokacin da ya tsaya a kan fure, yana jinkirin saukarwa ko tsayar da girma. Don warkar da al'ada na cikin gida za a iya bi da su tare da tafarnuwa, jiko na taba, insecticidal na nufin "Intavir", "Fufanon", "Decis".
- Shchitovka. Wannan kwari za a iya gane shi ta harsashi mai zurfi a baya. Ya bar bayan wani ruwa mai laushi a kan ganga. Suna yakin ta da hannu - sun cire shi da goga. Har ila yau, samar da magani tare da bayani mai mahimmanci na acetic acid, cire yarn. Idan kamuwa da cuta yana da karfi, to sai a yi amfani da magani tare da "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Metafos".
- Aphid. Wannan karamin ƙwayar cuta ce tare da jikin kore ko launi baki. Wata kila tare da fuka-fuki ko ba tare da su ba. Aphid tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga furen, tare da sakamakon cewa ya ɓace, ganye sunyi launin rawaya kuma sun bushe. Rashin shafa sabulu yana kwantar da kwari, kwantar da kwari.
- Farin tashi. Yana da karamin malam buɗe ido tare da fararen fuka-fuki. Its larvae ci ganye. Dole ne mu bi da gidan da aka shafa tare da cire tsantsa, magunguna "Actellic", "Inta-Vir", "Fitoverm", "Aktara".
Tare da kurakurai a cikin kulawa da kulawa da al'ada na al'ada za su iya faruwa a canje-canje a cikin bayyanar:
- Dark sheets. Wannan bayyanar ta nuna cewa furen ke tsiro a cikin haske mai zurfi. Dole ne a motsa tukunya a wuri mai haske ko kuma ƙarin haske ya kamata a shirya.
- Yellowed sheets, sun bayyana launin ruwan kasa spots. Wannan wata alama ce game da cututtukan hasken rana. Ganye yana buƙatar ɗauka ko motsawa zuwa wuri tare da hasken mota.
- Akwai iyakacin launin ruwan kasa a kan gefen zanen gado. Wannan canji ya nuna low zafi. Wajibi ne don ƙara yawan wannan adadi, sau da yawa yin fure da furen.
- Buds fada, ba saukar. Dole a biya hankali a kan mita da ƙarar ruwa, saboda wannan alama ce ta yawan ruwa.
- A shuka ba ya saki flower stalks. Dalili na rashin rashin lafiya suna da yawa. Sau da yawa, wannan matsala tana faruwa a lokacin da furen ya yi duhu.
- Ƙididdigar ƙasa. Wannan hali shine halayyar tsire-tsire da ake ambaliya ko kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta. Zai zama wajibi ne don bushe ƙasa kuma ku bi da ƙasa tare da kowane furotin na tsari.
Shin kuna sani? Kwancen da ya fi tsada a duniya shine ana daukar nauyin iri iri ne na Shenzhen Nongke. Masu shayarwa na kasar Sin sun shafe shekaru 8 a kan zabinsa. A shekarar 2005, an sayar da shuka a kan farashi na dala dubu 202.
Don haka, don shuka wani orchid daga zuriya a gida ba sauki, amma hakikanin. Yana da muhimmanci a bi da shawarwarin don dasa shuki, don shirya duk abin da ake bukata da kayan aiki, sannan kuma za ku iya girma shuke-shuke naku, wanda zai yi farin ciki tare da furancin kyakkyawa.
