Tsarin kayan ado na begonia: sha'anin kula da gida

Begonia yana da kyau a cikin lambu, saboda babban zaɓi na siffofi da launuka na ganye da furanni. Bugu da ƙari, shuka yana da sauƙin girma a gida. Wannan labarin ya janyo hankalin ganyayyaki na kayan lambu da na dabba na begonia.

Bayani na tsire-tsire na cikin gida

Yawancin abincin begonias yana girma ne a cikin nau'i mai laushi, amma akwai wasu iri dake kama da itatuwa. A tsawo suna girma daga 15 cm zuwa 1 m. An yi amfani da iri-iri don kyakkyawan ganye. Sun kasance daban-daban - siffar da kuma yanke, sun juya a cikin karkace da sassaƙaƙƙun gefe. Sau da yawa suna kama da kunne na giwaye. Daban-daban da launin launi - na iya zama monochromatic kuma hada 2-3 launuka kowane, suna da kore, jan, farin, azurfa, ruwan tabarau. Akwai nau'o'in dake da ganye masu laushi, santsi kuma an rufe shi da gashi. A na ado begonia yana da flowering deciduous.

Yawan iri-iri sun fi dacewa da kayan lambu, gidaje, ofisoshin, gonaki na hunturu, baranda, shimfidawa. Zai iya girma gaba ɗaya kuma a matsayin ɓangare na tsari na fure. A yau an nuna nau'o'in kayan ado na begonia.

Shin kuna sani? An kira Begonia bayan mutumin da bai taba ganinta ba a rayuwarsa. Farfesa na farko daga Faransa, Charles Plumier, ya samo wasu nau'in fure a Antilles. Masanin kimiyya mai masaukin da ake kira da sunan abokiyarsa, masanin ƙwararrun masanin Faransa Michel Begon.

Mafi shahararren sune:

• Royal;
• Tiara;
• Spotty;
• Griffin;
• Da mulkin mallaka;
• Mason;
• Griffith.

Yanayi don girma a gida

Don bayyana kyawawan launi na begonia kamar yadda ya yiwu, yana da muhimmanci don ƙirƙirar sharadi mai kyau a gare ta a cikin nauyin walƙiya mai kyau, matsanancin zafi da zafi mai zafi.

Yanayi da haske

Don wannan ɗakin cikin gida yana buƙatar haske mai haske tare da shading daga hasken rana kai tsaye da rana mai tsawo don 11-15 hours. Ana bada shawara don girma begonia a kan kudu maso gabas da kudu maso windows windows.

Arewa ya yi duhu saboda furanni. Lokacin da abun ciki na begonias a kan windowsill na kudu yana buƙatar watsawar hasken rana. A lokacin hunturu, ana bada shawara don shigar da hasken ƙarin tare da fitilu.

Shin kuna sani? A birnin Rochefort (Faransa) a 1986 ya bude Begonias Orangery, mafi girma yawan furanni a Turai, yawanci 400 nau'in da 900 hybrids, wanda bushes isa Heights daga 5 cm zuwa 5 m.

Zazzabi

Matsakantaccen zafin jiki na kayan ado na kayan ado a cikin shekara su ne + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Furen yana jurewa rageccen zazzabi a cikin zazzabi zuwa + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Girma a ƙananan zafin jiki na shuka yana da damuwa.

Air iska

A cikin dakin inda begonia ke tsiro, kana buƙatar kula da zafi a matakin 50-65%. Lokacin da iska ta bushe sosai, ƙarshen ganye suna bushewa da kuma gizo-gizo mite infects. Idan zafi yana da yawa, tsarin tushen zai iya rusawa. A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani za a iya shuka shuka. Zaka iya shigar da tukunya a kan taya tare da pebbles mai laushi ko kuma yumbu mai fadada, da kuma humidify iska tare da mai mahimmanci na musamman. Ana haramta shuki a cikin hunturu.

Zaɓin zaɓi

Wurin don dasa shuki begonias karba m da fadi. Zai fi kyau shuka girma a cikin kwantena. Duk da haka, kayan yumbura sun dace. Babban abu shi ne cewa kasa yana da ramuka mai laushi domin fitar da yawan ƙwaya.

Kulawa na gida

Begonia yana bukatar kulawa kadan. Zai hada da ruwa, shayarwa a cikin bazara da kuma lokacin rani, takin gargajiya a lokacin girma girma, pruning da transplanting.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku ji tsoro, idan cikin watanni 1-2 bayan dasawa begonia ya tsaya a girma. Don haka ta nuna damuwa saboda yanayin canji da aka canza.

Top dressing

A lokacin girma kakar ana bada shawarar zuwa takin begonia. Wannan zai kara yawan kayan ado, yana ƙarfafa girma da ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi. Hanya mafi kyau don ciyarwa shine alternately amfani da kwayoyin halitta da ma'adinai. Ƙwararren shawarar shine lokaci 1 a cikin makonni 2-3. A cikin kantin sayar da kaya zaka iya sayan kayan kirki wanda aka tsara musamman don begonias na wannan suna. Har ila yau, sun dace da takin gargajiya na duniya, misali, "Kemira-duniya" ko waɗanda aka tsara don azaleas. Daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, an dakatar da abinci. A wannan lokaci, injin yana hutawa, sabili da haka, bazai buƙatar damuwa ba.

Watering fasali

Watering for begonias na bukatar matsakaici. Hakan ya haifar da mummunar mummunan yanayin rashin lahani da rashinta. Kamar yadda aka yi wa wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, suna shiryu da jihar. Kowace an yi amfani da ruwa a yayin da saman saman ƙasa ya bushe. Wajibi ne a samar da ruwa sosai, a karkashin tushen. Bayan ruwan da ya wuce ruwa ya gudana a cikin kwanon rufi, dole ne a shafe shi.

Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin watering, yana da Dole a tabbatar da cewa saukad da ba su fada a kan akwati, harbe da foliage. Rashin watsi da wannan doka yana haifar da samuwa da ƙananan aibobi da ƙonewa.

A cikin hunturu, ana rage gurasar - bayan bushewa ƙasa mai zurfi, jira sauran 1-2 days. Yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi a dakin da zafin jiki. Ya kamata a wuce ta wurin tace wanda zai cire chlorine da impurities, ko a kare shi don 1-2 days.

Yadda za a datsa da kuma sake ginawa?

Formed pruning begonia ba ya bukatar. A cikin bazara, kafin dasawa, ya kamata a yanke tsawon, tsohon harbe. A nan gaba, ana iya amfani da su azaman cututtuka don haifuwa. Ana cire bishiyoyi da bushi idan an buƙata. Canji na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ya kamata a yi a kowace shekara a farkon bazara. Tsire-tsire masu zuwa shekaru 4 an yarda su sake sauya lokaci guda a cikin shekaru 2-3. Za'a iya sayo ƙasa don dasawa a cikin shagon. Majiyoyin da aka tsara domin kayan ado na kayan lambu suna da zaɓaɓɓu. Dole ne su kasance masu laushi, kwaskwarima, tare da mai kyau mai laushi da iska, tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan alkaline pH. Har ila yau, kasar gona substrate za a iya shirya tare da hannunka a gida.

Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar haɗuwa da ƙasa mai laushi tare da humus da yashi, wanda za a kara karamin adadin vermiculite ko perlite. Cakuda, wadda ta shirya da kansa, ya kamata a yi masa disinfected. Saboda wannan, ana dafa shi, a kan tudu, a cikin tanda, microwave, ko kuma a zuba shi tare da wani bayani na manganese.

Ƙara koyo game da yadda za a shuka tsire-tsire na cikin gida yadda ya kamata.

Don yadda za a shuka wani shuka, dole ne ka:

1. Rinya tukunya tare da ruwan zãfi kuma ya bushe da kyau.
2. Sanya Layer malalewa a wani tsawo na 1 / 3-1 / 4 na dukan tanki a kasa. Yayin da ake amfani da magudanan yumbu mai yalwa, tubalin kwari.
3. Yayyafa da karamin Layer na ƙasa.
4. Cire shuka daga tsohuwar tukunya.
5. Tsaftace tushen tsarin daga ƙasa.
6. Sanya tsakiyar cibiyar daji.
7. Har ila yau rarraba tushen tsarin.
8. Yayyafa ruwa tare da ƙasa, barin 1.5-2 cm daga gefen tukunya.
9. Haske ɗaukake tare da dabino.
10. Bugawa a sarari.
11. Bayan minti 20, cire ruwa mai yawa daga kwanon rufi.

Video: transplanting begonias ado da katako

Tsarin hanyoyi

Begonia an yada shi cikin hanyoyi guda hudu:

1. Cuttings.
2. Rarraban daji.
3. A rarraba takardar.
4. Tsaba.

Tsarin shayarwa don rabi na farko na bazara.

Cuttings

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa kuma ta fi dacewa ta hayar begonias a gida. Domin yin amfani da babban ganye mai kyau tare da rike. Bayan yankan, ƙarshen yankan ana bi da shi tare da carbon da aka kunna, sa'annan an sanya shi a cikin akwati cike da cakuda ƙasa mai laushi, peat da yashi (a cikin sassan daidai) don girkewa. Tushen zai iya zama kawai a cikin ruwa, wanda dole ne a sauya lokaci. Kamar yadda ake buƙatar cututtukan shayar. Game da wata daya daga bisani, tushen da kananan ganye ya kamata su bayyana a kan cuttings. Bayan haka, ana iya sa su a wuri mai dindindin.

Seed

Seedplant wuya rarely propagated. Wannan tsari ne mai matsala da tsawon lokaci. Sau da yawa, ƙwararru ne kawai suke so su adana halaye iri-iri na iyaye. Babban wahala na wannan hanya shi ne cewa tsaba na furen kadan ne. Suna da wuyar tattarawa da shuka. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a sarrafa su - jiƙa, ƙarfafa, da kuma ci gaba a cikin mai bunkasa bunkasa.

Shin kuna sani? A shekarar 1988, don girmama dangantakar abokantaka a tsakanin Japan da Sin, an yi amfani da iri iri iri na Begonia, wanda ake kira bayan shugaban kasar Sin - kimcheniriya. A kowace shekara ya sake fure a ranar Fabrairu 16, ranar da aka haifi Kim Jong Il.

Ana shuka tsaba a farfajiya na kasar gona cakuda ganye, turf ƙasa, peat da yashi. Yi hankali a hankali, sa'annan a wanke shi tare da wani na'urar atomaser, an rufe shi da gilashin ko fim kuma an sanya shi a cikin daki inda za'a kiyaye zafin jiki a + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ana yin gyare-gyare a wuri-lokaci da kuma tsaftacewa kamar yadda ake bukata. Da zarar sun fara fitowa, an cire tsari. Lokacin da aka kafa ganye biyu, harbe ya nutse a cikin kwantena. Lokacin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da 5-6 ganye da kuma tushen tushen tsarin, an dasa su a cikin tukwane masu tasowa.

Sashe na takardar

Ta rarraba ganye, ba dukkanin jinsuna da nau'o'in begonias za a iya yada su ba, sai dai wadanda waxanda suke ganye suna da sifofi daban-daban kuma suna fitowa ne a ƙasa.

Wannan hanya an samar kamar haka:

1. Yanke babban ganye mai nama.
2. Yanke shi zuwa sassa daban-daban a cikin nau'i-nau'i don kada akalla guda ɗaya ya kasance a kowane ɓangaren.
3. An dasa bishiyoyi a cikin kwantena cike da ruwan gari ko yashi.
4. Ana kwashe kwantena da gilashi ko kwantena na filastik.
5. An yi amfani da jirgin sama yau da kullum.

Ana iya dasa su cikin tukunya bayan watanni 3.

Video: haifuwa na ornamental foliage begonia by leaf division

Raba daji

Ta wannan hanya, ana shuka shuka a lokacin dasawa. An katse shrub tare da wuka mai tsabta mai tsabta a cikin sassan 2 ko 3 don kowane ɗayan ya kasance tare da kimanin adadi guda. An yanka yankakken tare da carbon da aka kunna. Sa'an nan kuma an dasa kowane ɓangaren a cikin tukunya mai ɗayan da aka ƙaddara da ƙwayar ƙasa don dasa shuki.

Cututtuka da kwari

Idan wanda yake da furancin ya yi kuskure a kulawa ko bai kula da samar da yanayi mai dadi don ci gabanta ba, toji zai iya sha wahala daga cututtuka da haɗari na kwari masu cutarwa.

Daga cututtuka na begonias mafi sau da yawa barazana:

1. Mealy dew. Yana tasowa lokacin da babu iska a cikin dakin da fure ke tsiro, sakamakon yanayin iska, da kuma lokacin canje-canje a cikin yanayin zafi da matsanancin laima. Gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire yana kamuwa da cutar, alamar fararen furanni a cikin launi suna iya ganewa, wanda yana kama da gari. Jiyya ya kamata a fara a farkon matakai na ganowar cutar. Dole ne a tsire ta shuka da "Topaz", "Home", "Early", "Tiovit". Bugu da ƙari, za ka iya amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya, misali, shafe soda bayani (5 g da lita 1 na ruwa).
2. Gishiri mai laushi. Idan zafi yana da yawa, ma mai sanyi, yanayin sanyi kuma babu iska mai iska, babu ganyayyaki ga kwayoyin halitta. An rufe ganye da launin toka, launuka - launin toka. Jiyya yana kunshe da jiyya tare da "Teldor", "Switche EDC", "Horus EDC". Domin prophylaxis amfani da spraying "Fundazol", "Topsin-M".

Begonias zai iya kai farmaki irin wannan kwari:

1. Aphid Gano gaban wannan kwari yana iya zama ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki. Wannan wani abu ne mai sauki wanda yake shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace kuma yana kaiwa zuwa yellowing daga cikin ganyayyaki, wilting da fadowa. Tare da ƙananan kamuwa da cuta, an rushe aphid ta hanyar shafawa da ruwa mai tsabta. Idan kwaro ya kai farmaki da tsire-tsire, an bi shi da "Akarin", "Inta-Vir", "Fufanon", "Fitoverm", "Aktara".
2. Gizo-gizo mite Yana farawa a kan waɗannan tsire-tsire masu girma a yanayin yanayin zafi da sanyi. Wannan m shine karami, tsotsa ja ko kwari. A tsarin rayuwa bar shafin yanar gizo a kan ganye, kwari da harbe. Don cire fitar da tikitin, ya wajaba don ƙara yawan zafi daga iska kuma kuyi amfani da Appolo, Borneo, Flumate.
3. Shchitovka da ƙarya garkuwa. Shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga flower. Halin ya nuna jigon launin ruwan kasa a kan foliage. Bi da shuka ta hanyar shafawa da maganin sabulu (maye gurbin sabulu na ruwa (15 g), barasa mai lakabi (10 ml), ruwa (1 l)), spraying "Aktellik", "Phosbecid", "Aktar".
4. Nematode. Begonia rinjayar da dama nau'in nematodes cewa lalacewa ganye, mai tushe da kuma tushen. Don warkar da shuka daga wannan kwaro ba zai yiwu ba. Lokacin da aka samo, sai a jefa fure tare da ƙasa da tukunya.

Abubuwan da ke cikin kayan ado da begonia na ado a cikin ɗakin shi ne kayan ado na ganye, kulawa mai sauƙi da haifuwa, ba tare da ladabi don ƙirƙirar microclimate na musamman ba. Wannan fure yana iya yin ado da ciki, haifar da ta'aziyya a cikin dakin kuma tsaftace iska daga abubuwa masu cutarwa.