Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da masoya na shuke-shuke da ke cikin gida su fuskanci shi ne rashin iyawa don ƙirƙirar gida cikin matsananciyar zafi ga mazaunan tropics. Kyakkyawan sulhuntawa a wannan ma'anar shine sauyi mai matukar fari, musamman tun da akwai samfurori masu kyau a cikinsu. Daya daga cikinsu, ba shakka, shi ne mai dacewa (Aptenia), wanda za'a tattauna a cikin wannan bita.
Bayanin shuka
Kasashen kudancin yankin na Black (KwaZulu-Natal da lardin Cape Cape na Afirka ta Kudu), amma a halin yanzu ana amfani da wannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin kasashen da aka sani ga kowane yawon shakatawa kamar Turkey da Misira. A Turai, wasu nau'o'in kayan aikin sun fara girma a gida a matsayin gidan gida, amma wannan fure ba ta samu karba mai yawa ba kuma yana da wuya akan kasuwa.
Shin kuna sani? Sunan "mesembryantemum" na masana kimiyya a karshen karshen karni na 17 sun hada da kalmomin Grik guda biyu - "μεσημββα" (midday) da "ἄνθεμον" (flower). Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin yanayi na yanayi, furancin aptenia yana buɗe buds ne kawai a tsakiyar rana lokacin da rana ta isa sosai (a Rasha irin waɗannan furanni ana kiranta Semi-dayday ko sunbeds).
Bisa ga jinsin duniyar, abin da ya dace yana da tsarin centroserenal (furanni mai furanni), iyalin aizids. Kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, foliage ba ya zubar da shuka tare da canji na kakar (kalman "αειζωον", wanda ya ba da sunan ga dangi, an fassara shi daga harshen Girkanci kamar yadda ya kasance). Aptenia ke tsiro da sauri, har zuwa 500 mm cikin tsawon a cikin shekara, kuma dangane da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona zai iya bunkasa a matsayin shekara-shekara ko a matsayin mai kyau. 
Ayyukan dabi'u na marasa lafiya:
| Nau'in kara | Yada, zuga (ampel) |
| Tsarin da kuma siffar kara | Fleshy, m, tetrahedral |
| Tsawon tsayi mai tsayi | 100 cm |
| Kara launi | Bright kore, kamar yadda ya girma grayish |
| Da siffar da tsarin da ganye | Lanceolate, m, m ko zuciya-dimbin yawa, tare da kananan papillary outgrowths. Ƙasashen waje, ƙananan gajere |
| Girman leaf | Har zuwa 60 mm |
| Tushen | Very iko |
| Flowers | Ƙananan, har zuwa 20 mm, mai haske ja, ruwan hoda ko farar fata, wanda ke cikin rassan ganyayyaki a saman da tushe. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, flowering yana da yawa, yawanci yana faruwa a spring ko lokacin rani |
| 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari | Multi-chamber seed capsule |
Irin kwayoyi
Masana kimiyya na zamani sun san nau'o'in nau'i hudu:
- serdtselistnaya (Aptenia cordifolia);
- furanni fari (Aptenia geniculiflora);
- lanceolistus (Aptenia lancifolia);
- Hekelia (Aptenia haeckeliana).
Duk da haka, kowane jinsin yana da biyan kuɗin kansa, banda haka, akwai nau'o'in samfurori da dama waɗanda aka tsara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan daga masu shayarwa mai son. Cardiac aptelium shine wakilin da yafi kowa na jinsi. Wannan mai karfi zai iya kai 25 cm a tsayi, amma yana da kyau a cikin tukwane, a cikin wannan yanayin da ƙananan rassansa da na bakin ciki sun rataye hotuna 50-60 cm, a cikin lokaci daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta an rufe shi da manyan furanni mai haske masu launin purple, burgundy ko lalac launi. Ganye na wannan jinsin sune launuka guda daya a launi kuma sun kai tsawon 25 mm, furanni suna da diamita na har zuwa 15 mm.
Shin kuna sani? Aptenia na zuciya yana da wasu magungunan magani, amma mutanen Afirka ta Kudu sun yi imani cewa wannan fure na iya kare daga mugunta kuma, a wasu lokuta, yana jawo hankulan ruhohi. Don amfani da wannan kayan na shuka, 'yan asalin suna yin amulets da amuleta.
Aptelium variegated (variegated) shi ne irin Aptelium cordifolia, sunan Latin shine Aptenia cordifolia variegata. Tsarinsa ya dan kankanan, kuma ganye ba su da yawa fiye da wadanda suke da nau'i na al'ada, amma babban siffar siffar da aka bambanta ita ce kasancewa a kan iyakokin launi mai haske a kan kowane ganye. Wani irin ƙwayar cutar na zuciya yana da ƙwayoyi tare da bambancin da aka rarraba a ciki a duk fadin farantin. Lanceolate aphenia yana da haske mai duhu mai tsayi har tsawon mita 800. 
Kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, siffar ganye yana lanceolate, elongated. Da tsari, suna kama da ganyayyaki na itacen kudi, amma kaɗan da haske da haske. Furen suna jan ko ruwan hoda, ƙananan furanni sun fi na ciki ciki. Yawancin Mesembryantemum, mai suna bayan ɗan adam na Jamus, Ernest Heinrich Haeckel, ya bambanta da "dangi" da farko a launi na furanni: a cikin wannan nau'in ba su da ja, kamar sauran mutane, kuma rawaya suna da haske, kusan fari a waje kuma mafi kusa. zuwa tsakiyar corolla.
Koyi yadda za a bunkasa litattafai a gida.
Daga cikin matasan da suka fi dacewa da shuka ita ce aptenia mai launin fata (Aptenia geniculiflora), wanda za'a iya sha'awar shi a cikin lambun Nikitky Botanical kusa da Yalta. Wadannan furanni masu ban sha'awa suna da fure-fure-fure-fure-fure-furen, sune gwanin ruwa a cikin wani nau'i na kambi.
Yanayin girma
Don bunkasa mesembryanthum a matsayin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, daidaitattun ka'idodin da ake bukata ga dukkan masu dacewa suna da muhimmanci.
Haskewa
Aptenia wani tsinkayen haske ne, amma yana bukatar haske mai kyau ba kawai don ci gaban al'ada ba, amma har ma a matsayin yanayin da ya dace, ba tare da abin da ba zai yiwu ba zai yi girma. Duk da haka, flower ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyaun wurin shuka shi ne windows dake fuskantar gabas. 
Yanayin yamma yana da ƙasa kaɗan, amma kamar yadda za a yi la'akari da madadin. A kan windows windows, ƙananan furanni yana ƙonewa daga hasken rana kai tsaye, amma idan kun samar da haske mai haske ko watsa haske tare da taimakon makafi, za a iya warware matsalar ta sauƙi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don tabbatar da filayen mafi girma, ana ba da shawarar samun haske ga mesembryanthum tare da farkon bazara don ƙaruwa tare da taimakon wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, ana amfani da fitilu da iko mafi girma na 50 W.
A gefen arewa ko a cikin inuwa na aptenia, ya yi hasarar kayan ado, mai tushe ya yi tsawo kuma yana da rauni, ganye ya bushe kuma ya fadi, furanni ba su yi fure ba. A lokacin rani, ana iya ɗaukar tukunya a filin baranda ko ma a haƙa a gadon filawa. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar yawan iska mai yawan motsa jiki, tsire-tsire ya fi sauƙi ga kamuwa da ƙunci fiye da murfin shinge wanda aka rufe a rufe kulle.
Air zafin jiki
Domin aptenia ya ci gaba da al'ada, dole ne a raba tsawon shekara guda zuwa kashi biyu - lokaci na girma da kuma lokacin hutawa. Wannan asiri za ta taimaka wajen cimma yawan albarkatun da suka dace. Babban bambanci a kula da shuka a lokacin waɗannan lokuta yana cikin tsarin zazzabi. 
Ana nuna alamar mafi kyau na yanayin iska don shuka a sassa daban-daban na ci gabanta a teburin:
| Hanya | Lokacin Kalanda | Mafi kyau yawan zafin jiki na iska |
| Girma | Oktoba - Fabrairu | + 22 ... + 25 ° C |
| Aminci | Maris - Satumba | + 5 ... + 8 ° С |
Air iska
Rashin iska ba damuwa ba ne ga aptenia, Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ruwa yana ƙyamarwa don fure. Duk da haka, a cikin kusanci da na'urorin haɗi, ba a sanya tukunya ba, tun lokacin zafi mai tsanani, musamman ma a lokacin hunturu, yana shan wahala sosai. Gyara da kuma wanke ganye tare da ruwa kuma ba ya son fure, irin wannan hanya za a iya aiwatar da ita azaman banda ga cire turɓaya daga ganye, amma har da wannan magudi yana mafi kyau ya aikata tare da zane mai laushi da bushe.
Bincika bayanin irin shuka mai ban sha'awa ga gida.
Idan a lokacin hunturu-damun lokacin da batir din zai fara juya launin rawaya, shimfidawa ko sauke ganye, wannan na iya nuna yanayin furanni ga iska mai zurfi da iska mai zurfi, amma a wannan yanayin ba kamata a tsabtace injin ba, amma a canja shi zuwa wuri mai sanyaya.
Kulawa na gida
Kula da kayan aikin baza'a iya kiransu hadaddun ba, duk da haka, kamar kowane tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wannan mahimmanci yana buƙatar biyan bukatun, ba tare da yalwatawa da tsinkaye ba ya kamata a sa ran. 
Watering
Yin watsi da abin da yake da sauƙi, wanda yake a cikin lokaci na aiki, yana da muhimmanci a matsayin babban ɗigon ƙwayar ƙasa. Yawan mita da ƙarfin watering ya kamata a daidaita daidai, saboda furen yana nuna irin wannan abu don yin amfani da ruwa da kuma yin bushewa kamar yadda ya kamata - ganye sun bushe, bushe da fadi. Ana gudanar da watering a tushen da a kan dukkanin farfajiyar da ke cikin tudu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin tsire-tsire ba za a iya shayar da ruwan sanyi ba! Yawancin zafin jiki dole ne a kasance a ko da dama digiri sama da zafin jiki na iska.
Ruwa don ban ruwa za a iya amfani da ruwan sama, rugunta, da kyau, spring, kogi ko kuma da aka bi da su. Idan an cire ruwa daga tafkin, dole ne a kalla a ajiye shi a cikin akwati na budewa don kwanaki da yawa kuma amfani da saman da aka cire daga laka. A lokacin hutu, an rage girman ingancin ruwa, a wannan lokacin ya isa ya shayar da tsire-tsire sau 2-3 a wata don kada asalinsu ya bushe.
Top dressing
A halin yanzu, masu maye suna girma a kan ƙasa mai yawa wanda sandari da duwatsu suka mamaye, kuma yakin da yake da kyau yana da kadan. Saboda wannan dalili, yin amfani da irin wannan tsire-tsire a gida ba za a iya zalunci ba. Babban adadin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa yana da hatsarin gaske ga aptenia, furen fara farawa daga wannan, yana dakatar da flowering kuma zai iya mutuwa. 
Don kada a yi kuskure da sashi, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da gauraye na musamman don masu juyayi, wanda aka gabatar a cikin kantin kayan ado (Agricola, Stimulus, Gileya, Planton, Fartis, da dai sauransu) a matsayin takin mai magani. A irin waɗannan shirye-shirye, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fluorine da sauran kayan da suka dace ga shuka suna gabatarwa a cikin matsayi mafi kyau.
Har ila yau karanta game da yadda za a magance matsaloli a gida.
Yayin da ake ci gaba da hawan hadi, hade ya kamata a yi ba sau ɗaya ba sau ɗaya a wata, kuma a lokacin sauran lokuta, dole ne a dakatar da takin gargajiya.
Pruning
Tun lokacin da ake amfani da kwayoyin halitta yana da yawa da kuma hanzari na shimfiɗa tushe, yada kan ƙasa ko ratayewa daga tukwane, yana buƙatar gyaran gyare-gyare na yau da kullum domin adana kayan ado na daji. Lokaci mafi kyau don pruning shine kaka, lokacin da shuka ya rushe kuma yana shirya don shiga cikin hutu. Idan ragewar harbe ke gudana a cikin bazara, hanya, ko ta yaya sauƙin sauya shi, zai zama wani damuwa ga fure, wanda ke nufin cewa budding zai fara da yawa daga baya. 
Baya ga wannan doka shi ne halin da ake ciki a lokacin da, saboda rashin daidaituwa da wuri, daji ya bar ganye bayan hunturu, ko kuma harbe ya zama dogon lokaci. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a katse mai tushe da ya rasa sakamako na ado, sababbin mutane ba za su zo a wuri ba. Idan wannan aikin ya aikata a watan Fabrairun, ta tsakiyar tsakiyar damun da aka sabunta zai iya yi fure.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yawancin lokaci ana harbe harbe daga aptenia, da sauri kuma mafi girma zai yi girma.
Tashi
Dole ne a yi amfani da kayan aiki mai sauri aptenia a kowace shekara, in ba haka ba mai karfi da tushen karfi na mesembryanthemma cika cika tukunya, kuma tsire-tsire ya rasa damar yin girma kullum. Tun da saurin tashar jiragen ruwa mai sauƙi, an yi shi mafi kyau a cikin bazara, a mataki na cire fure daga lokacin hutu. An tsara tushen tsarin kayan aiki don bincika ruwa a zurfin zurfi, don haka dole ne a zaba babban tukunya don shuka. 
Duk da haka, tare da kowace tsinkayuwa, girman gilashin zai zama kawai ƙananan centimeters mafi girma kuma a diamita, in ba haka ba shuka zai buƙaci lokaci mai yawa don "jin dadi" a sabon wuri. Yayinda kasan ƙasa yafi kyau don yin amfani da kayan da aka yi a shirye-shiryen don cacti da masu maye. Idan kuna so ku shirya ƙasa da kanku, ya kamata ku haxa ƙasa mai laushi tare da yashi mai yayyafi, yayinda ya hada da gawayi ga abin da ke da shi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Watering da shuka bayan dasawa ba zai kasance ba a baya fiye da kwana uku, kuma tare da taki ya fi kyau jira 1-2 watanni.
Sanya kwanciyar hankali mai laushi a kan kasa na tukunyar da aka yi, to sai ku zubar da tsire-tsire a cikin tukunyar da tukunya tare da tamanin earthy a tsakiyar tukunya, sannan a hankali ku zubar da adadin da ake buƙata na ƙasa da ke kewaye da tukunyar tukunya da kuma tamp da shi sosai kuma, idan ya cancanta, ƙara dan ƙaramar ƙasa.
Kiwo
Zaka iya samun tsire-tsire na adenia a gida a hanyoyi biyu - ta hanyar girma da tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire. Hanyar da za a yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da shi a matsayin mai sauri kuma mai dogara ne, kuma yana da kyau a cikin cewa yana ba da nauyin nau'o'i na farko, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga nau'o'in matasan wadanda basu da nasaba da dabi'un mahaifa. 
Kamar yadda cuttings, zaka iya amfani da gutsutsurer mai tushe, a yanka a yayin da aka samar da wani pruning aptenia. Sanya su a cikin ruwa don nutsewa, kamar yadda masu cin ganyayyaki masu girbi ba su da kyau, ba za su iya ba, a akasin haka, sun bushe shuki na tsawon sa'o'i 10-12 kafin dasa shuki, su bar su a wani wuri da aka kare daga hasken rana kai tsaye (wannan doka ta shafi duk masu sauraron). Zai fi dacewa wajen yaduwa da cututtuka a cikin wani sashi wanda ya kunshi kashi 1 na duniya don maye gurbi da kashi biyu na kogin yashi ko vermiculite.
Ya kamata a zubar da kwakwalwar ƙasa a cikin kwantena masu kwari kuma a wanke sosai, to, a hankali a rufe da cututtuka a cikin maɓin kuma ya bar su zuwa rushewa. Ba lallai ba ne don rufe tsire-tsire tare da fim, yana da isasshen tsaftace ruwan gari da ruwa daga kwalba mai laushi. Lokacin da yankan ya fara barin yarinya matasa da harbe, za'a iya canza shi zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zai fi kyau a yanka aptenia a cikin fall, a cikin wannan yanayin a cikin bazara da matasa shuka iya riga ya Bloom.
Shuka tsaba na mesembryantmum hanya ce mai rikitarwa. Saboda mummunan germination na tsaba na wannan mai tsauri bai kamata a saka shi a cikin ƙasa ba, kuma ya shimfiɗa a jikinsa. Ana amfani da maɓallin da ake amfani da ita don amfani da ƙwayoyi, amma zaka iya ƙuntata sandar da aka saba ko vermiculite. Bayan dage farawa da tsaba a kan yatsun rigar, ya kamata a rufe ta da fim ko gilashi kuma a sanya shi a wuri mai daɗaɗɗen da zafin jiki na + 21 ... + 25 ° C. Bayan bayyanar sautin farko (hanyar zai ɗauki wata ko ma fiye), dole ne a cire kariya. 
Lokacin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suka kai 50 mm, ya kamata a dasa su a cikin wata ƙasa mafi dacewa - mai juyayi don maye gurbin ko cakuda daidai sassa na turf, ganye ƙasa da yashi. A wannan mataki, dole ne a rage yawan zafin jiki na iska zuwa + 16 ... + 18 ° C kuma irin wannan yanayi za a kiyaye har sai seedlings zasu sami karfi. Watering matasa seedlings yana da yawa wajibi ne, amma sosai dosed, domin saboda rauni Tushen wuce haddi danshi ne musamman hadari.
Shin kuna sani? Abin mamaki shine, rikodin rikitarwa na fari a cikin tsire-tsire ba su da tsami, amma algae. Don haka, alal misali, kumfa fucus, kasancewa a ƙasa, yana iya "raguwa" sau 10 idan aka kwatanta da al'amuranta na baya, bayan haka, kuma a cikin maɓallin ruwa, ya sake dawowa kusan nan take. Abin sha'awa, irin wannan shuka yana da mahimmanci sanyi, tare da nuna daskarewa zuwa -60 ° C.
Difficulties a girma
Kwayoyin cututtuka da kwari suna da rinjaye sosai, amma wasu matsalolin da ke tattare da kuskuren lambu na iya rinjayi mummunan ci gaba da shuka.
Daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suka hada da:
- Samun ganye. A mafi yawancin lokuta, wannan sakamako ya haifar ne saboda rashin cin zarafi na tsarin rani - bushewa na tudun ruwa ko gurguwar ruwa a cikin tushen. Har ila yau, dalili yana iya kasancewa yawan zafin jiki a lokacin lokacin hutawa, wato, bayan karshen flowering.
- Tushen lalacewa da fungal cututtuka. Mafi mahimmancin dalilin shi ne kan-watering ko kan-saturation na ƙasa tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani. Yawancin cututtuka da yawa suna da wuya a warkewa, saboda haka ya fi kyau kada a kawo matsala. Idan ya bayyana kanta, dole ne a bi da shuka tare da furotin na tsari, kuma, idan babu wata tasiri, an dasa shi cikin wani tukunya da ƙasa mai laushi, bayan nazarin tushen tsarin kuma cire matakan da aka shafa.
- Babu flowering. Difficulties tare da budding za a iya bayyana ta rashin isasshen hasken lantarki, kazalika da gazawar bin bin doka na canza matakai na ci gaban aiki da hutawa.Idan a cikin hunturu an sanya fure a wuri mai sanyaya kuma ana rage girman ruwa, a cikin bazara, jim kadan bayan "farkawa," aptenia zai jagora dakarun da aka tara lokacin hunturu zuwa aiki da yawan furanni.
Aptenia mai haske ne mai tasiri wanda zai iya zama ado ga kowane ɗaki. Kulawa mai sauƙi ne mai sauƙi, zaka iya yin ruwa da ruwa, kuma inji bata buƙatar ƙarin humidification. Abincin kawai shi ne cewa baza'a iya sayan ɗayan Afirka na ban mamaki ba a kowane ɗakin shagon, amma ba zai zama da wuya a yi girma da kanka daga yankewa ba, idan zaka iya samun samfurin dacewa daga wani aboki ko kuma sanarwa.
