Masanin gaskiyar dabbobin shanu ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai dai kula da irin wadannan dabbobi masu girma kamar Limousin shanu. A kan gonaki masu zaman kansu, suna da wuya a haɗu da su, amma a cikin yanayin manyan gonaki suna karuwa sosai.
Abin da ke da kyau irin wannan dabbobi da abin da kake bukata don sanin game da siffofin kula da su - karanta a kan.
Tarihin tarihin da bayanin
Limousin ya ambaliya a ƙasar da tsohon Soviet Socialist Republic kawai a cikin 60s na karni na karshe, a lokacin da daya daga cikin kiwo gonaki a cikin Brest yankin ya dauki nauyin wadannan shanu. Duk da haka, kafin wannan, waɗannan dabbobi an riga an san su da yawa a ƙasashen waje: a Amurka, Ostiraliya, wasu kasashen Turai.
Asalin
A shanu limousine suna da sunansu zuwa ɗaya daga cikin yankuna na Faransa (Limousin), inda masu shayarwa a cikin gida suka cinye su a tsakiyar karni na 18. A wannan lokacin, ƙwararrun gwaje-gwajen da aka haifa kawai ne akan samun shanu, wanda ya ƙaru ƙarfin hali da wadata mai kyau tare da cin abinci maras kyau. 
Daga cikin kakanin "limousines" na zamani ya kamata su kula da shanu na Aquitaine, wanda kullum ya tsaya don ƙarfinsa da jimiri.
Shin kuna sani? A 1856, shanu limousine sun karbi litattafan su, kuma wakilai mafi kyau sun fara shiga cikin nune-nunen nune-nunen.Shekaru na ci gaba da zaɓaɓɓun aiki ba a banza ba ne, kuma a yau an rarrabe dabbobi masu rarraba ta hanyar ingantaccen yawan aiki da kuma dandano nama mai kyau wanda zai iya gasa tare da samar da samfurori.
Alamun waje
Yana da wuya a iya rikita rikici tare da gidan burenka na gida, saboda kallon girma na waɗannan dabbobi suna magana akan tarihin dogon lokaci. Launi na wakilan mambobi suna nuna dukkanin ɓoye launuka na launin ruwan kasa, kuma jiki yana haɓakawa da haɗin kai ga wakilan nasihu. 
Bull Limousine irin Gaba ɗaya, ana iya sarrafa nauyin shanu na limousine ta amfani da halaye masu zuwa:
- jiki ne mai yawa kuma mai yawa;
- jiki - dan kadan ya mika a gaba;
- kafafu suna da ƙarfi, matsakaici matsakaici;
- shugaban yana takaice, tare da bangare na gaba;
- ƙaho - haske, takaice, girma a cikin shugabancin ƙasa;
- nono - underdeveloped;
- ƙananan bishiyoyi - a kananan ƙananan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Sugar da baƙar fata, duk da haka, kamar wuraren farin a kan fuskar dabba suna dauke da lahani.
Abincin nama da masu ba da laushi
Ana shayar da shanu masu yawa don su samar da nama mai dadi, amma samar da samar da madara ta dabbobi ba za a iya kiran su da ragu ba. 
Wadannan bayanai game da alamun nama da alayar kiwo na asali da aka bayyana za su taimaka don tabbatar da wannan:
- madara yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace shekara - ba fiye da 1700 l ba, tare da ciwon mai ciki na 4.8-5%;
- riba - yau da kullum za su samu har zuwa 1300 g, amma a haife su nauyi ne in mun gwada da ƙananan kuma yawancin kawai 30-40 kg;
- yanka nama - har zuwa 70% a cikin balagagge maras girma (a cikin shekaru 12-14, maza suna kimanin kilo 500);
- nama mai kyau - high.
Karanta kuma game da siffofi na wasu nau'o'in nama: Kazakh da fari, Hereford, Kalmyk, Highland, Belgium blue.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Bayan nazarin ilimin halayen Limousine a hankali, yana da sauki a lura da abubuwan da ke tattare da kiwon dabbobi. 
Da farko sun hada da:
- yaduwar girma da kuma karfin gaske a cikin calves;
- kyakkyawar yanka nama;
- kyakkyawan aikin haifa;
- ci gaba da ci gaba da rigakafi da kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka na dabbobi na shanu;
- dabarun cike da tsohuwar shanu;
- rashin tabbaci ga yanayin tsarewa;
- Hanyoyin haɓaka masu girma ga kowane yanayin damin, musamman, da ikon yin jure wa hunturu sanyi sosai;
- calving sauƙi
Koyi game da iri mafi kyau na shanu da nama da kiwo.
Amma ga irin nauyin da aka samu, a cikin shanu na limousine, ana nuna su a cikin mummunar mummunar zalunci na bijimai da kuma irin halin da ake ciki na mata a lokacin lokacin karuwar maraƙi.
Bugu da kari, farautar jima'i a cikin mata yana nuna rashin ƙarfi kuma yana da mahimmanci a kira shi a matsayin wanda ya dace, wanda yana da mahimmanci wajen aiwatar da kwari.
Shin kuna sani? A gida, shanu sukan haifi ɗa biyu fiye da biyu a lokaci guda, amma bisa ga tarihin tarihin tarihi, baya a shekarar 1939, saniya ta haifi 'ya'ya 16, daga cikinsu wanda kawai ya kasance cikakke.
Maintenance da kula
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, daga cikin amfanin gonar shanu mai nauyin nauyin, ba zai yiwu ba a kwantar da hankalin su ga yanayin da ake tsarewa. Abin da kawai ya kamata ka kula da shi a yayin da aka kafa gine-gin shine bushewa, zafi da kuma tsabta, tare da yawan masu sha da masu ciyar da su.
Wasan wasa na rani
Rahotanni na shani na shanu suna yawanci a wurare na shanu masu tafiya da kuma samar da ƙungiyar da aka buƙata (ga kowane mutum a cikin garke). Wannan zabin ya dace a yanayin yanayin kiwo dabbobi ko lokacin da gonar nisa daga wuraren noma. Kasancewa cikin iska mai tsawo duk rana, shanu suna ba da madara, da kuma tsari da shinge daga bangarori daban-daban zai taimaka musu kare ruwan sama ko wasu yanayi mai ban mamaki. 
Gudanar da kayan lambu Wannan zaɓi na masauki na rani ya dace da wakilan mambobi Limousine, Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne samar da shanu tare da samun damar yin amfani da su a cikin raguna da masu ciyar da abinci.
Shirya gabatarwa
Cows na Limousin kawai suna buƙatar wani ɗaki mai ɗakuna, tare da girman shimfidar wuri na kimanin mita 6-8. m a daya dabba. Tabbas, ana yakamata a wanke dukkan dakin da tsabta, tare da maye gurbin kwanan nan. Yana da kyawawa cewa sito ne hanya ta kai tsaye zuwa ga makiyaya, inda a lokacin rani dabbobin zasu ciyar da yini, kuma a cikin hunturu ne kawai sukanyi tafiya. Game da masu shayarwa da masu shan giya sun gina cikin rumbun, zasu iya kasancewa na daidaitattun daidaituwa, misali, tare da dukkan matakan ko a cikin nau'i mai rataye kusa da kowane saniya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Wasu manoma sun yi imanin cewa ba za a iya kiyaye shanun limousine a cikin gine-gine ba kuma dole ne su motsa kai tsaye a cikin sito. A wannan yanayin, an rarraba rassan ƙungiyoyi zuwa cikin sel ta amfani da sandan karfe, tare da barin sararin samaniya a tsakanin su don dabba zai iya tsayawa a kai ga hay ko ciyawa.Ga masu shimfidawa, ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman (bambaro ko sawdust), wanda aka shimfiɗa a kan wani tushe mai mahimmanci tare da ma'auni na talatin.
Ƙididdigar shinge da aka tsara domin saniya dayaYanayin tsarewa
Duk da cewa an haifi shanu maras nau'in dabba kamar dabbobin da ba su da kullun, wanda ke da karfin kwarewa masu girma a yanayin da ake tsare, har yanzu yana da daraja game da wasu hanyoyi:
- idan mahaɗin ma'aunin thermometer ya sauko a kasa, lokaci yayi da za a canja dabbobi zuwa ɗakin mai zafi (ƙananan zazzabi don kiyaye shanu na irin da aka bayyana shine +7 ° C);
- zayyana ba su yarda ba, sabili da haka, don ajiye garken, dole ne a rufe har ma da karami a cikin sito;
- Za a iya yin shanu masu tafiya ko da a yanayin zafi mai zurfi (zuwa -35 ° C), amma shafe tsawon lokaci zuwa irin wannan yanayi yana da damuwa da ci gaban sanyi;
- zafi a cikin sito tare da Limousines ya kamata ya zama akalla 50%, kuma muhimmin mahimmanci shine saurin hawan iska, wanda aka saba da shi tare da tsarin iska.
Tsaftacewa tsabtataccen ɗakin ajiya da kaya
Idan shanu sun kashe mafi yawan lokutan su a kan makiyaya, to, ana iya tsabtace kayan aiki da kayan aiki sau daya a mako. A cikin hunturu, tsaftacewa ya kamata a yi sau da yawa, tun lokacin da ake haɗuwa a cikin barn bai dace ba. Bayan tsaftace kayan lambu kada ka manta su kula da litter, feeder da watering. A wasu lokuta, dole ne a canja maɓallin shimfidawa yau da kullum ko akalla sau ɗaya a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Rashin cin abinci na feeders don abinci mai bushe yana da sau da yawa a wata, amma ana shayar da masu sha da sau da yawa don hana ruwan sha da kuma haifar da microorganisms masu cutarwa.
Kara karantawa game da hanyoyi na kula da shanu da halaye na kiwo a cikin makiyaya.
Cikakken gyaran rumbun, tare da kula da ganuwar da duk sauran sassa ana gudanar da sau da yawa a shekara, musamman ma idan ya zo ga manyan gonaki, an tsara don dabbobi da yawa.
Abin da za a ciyar
Babu abinci mai mahimmanci shanu maras alamar da ake bukata, kuma suna da nauyin nauyin ma'aunin abinci, hay da ciyawa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ake shirya abinci, yana da mahimmanci don la'akari da kakar domin ya samar da jikin dabba tare da yawan adadin abubuwan da ake amfani da shi da kuma bitamin.
Summer tafiya a cikin makiyaya
Daya saniya na wannan irin kowace rana asusun game da 50-70 kilogiram na abinci, wanda aka bayyana da m nauyi riba. A lokacin rani, rawar zaki na wannan darajar tana cike da ciyawa, wanda dabbobi zasu iya kaiwa lokacin da suke kiwo a wuraren noma. Abu mafi muhimmanci don kula da shi shine babu abubuwan waje a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa a cikin nau'i na filastik filastik, takarda da wasu tarkace da za su iya shiga cikin kwayoyin dabbobi masu narkewa. 
Bugu da ƙari ga ciyawar ciyawa, yana da amfani a ba shanu Limousin game da kilogiram na hay (kowane mutum a kowace rana) da kuma kilogiram na kilo 2, na ci gaba da cin abinci tare da kayan lambu (yana da amfani sosai don ba karas, beets, Urushalima artichoke da dankali).
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin a fitar da kayan lambu dole ne a wanke da tsaftacewa daga fata, kuma don samun digestibility mafi kyau ta jikin dabba, zaka iya bugu da su.Gilashin shan shanu na shanu ya kamata a cika su da ruwa mai tsabta, kuma idan shanu ba su da nisa daga gida, to sai an shayar da su sau biyu a rana, a madadin lita 70-80 na ruwa da saniya. Mace masu ciki suna bukatar ruwa sau da yawa, saboda haka ana ba su ruwa sau uku a rana.
Differences a cikin hunturu ciyar
Babban bambanci a cikin abincin hunturu shi ne rashin ciyawa, wanda yawanci ya maye gurbin hay, amma a lokaci guda bai zama fiye da 10 kilogiram na irin wannan abinci a kowace rana da saniya ba. Idan za ta yiwu, zaka iya haxa shi tare da bambaro mai tsami, wanda shanu limousin suna da sha'awar. Saboda haka, zaka iya rage farashin abinci. 
Bychkov, wanda mai noma yayi shirin aikawa ba da daɗewa ba don kashewa, an ajiye su a ɗakin tsage, tare da mafi yawan aikin jiki, amma tafiya akai-akai. Babban abincin abincin su shine abinci mai mahimmanci (kimanin kilogiram 6 a kowace kai), kayan lambu na guna (game da buckets biyu a kowace rana), hay. Duk da cewa farashin kaya don sayan waɗannan abinci yana da kyau, dabbobi suna girma sau da yawa sauri kuma wannan ya tabbatar da irin wannan hanya mai mahimmanci na fattening. Yawancin shanu suna kaiwa a lokacin da suke da shekaru 11-12, tare da nauyin jiki na 700-800 kg.
Game da ruwa, a cikin hunturu daya Limousin irin shine kimanin 45-50 lita.
Bincika abin da aka tsara nauyin shanu.
Madaccen cin abinci na shanu limousine a lokacin rayuwarsu kamar haka:
- a kowane shekara, maraƙi yana ciyarwa kawai a kan colostrum;
- daga watan biyu na rayuwarsa an ba shi hay da kayan lambu (tare da 500 g), da kuma 100 g na hatsi na hatsi kowace rana (madara mahaifiyar shine tushen abincinsa kuma zai iya sha har lita 10 a kowace rana);
- a cikin watanni na uku na rayuwa, an rage rabon madara zuwa lita 5 a kowace rana, yayin da adadin hay, kayan lambu da ƙwayoyin gauraye da aka shuka sun karu zuwa 1.5, 2 kg da 300 grams daidai da bi;
- Kusan rabin shekara, ana ba da tsaba zuwa abinci mai girma, ba su da kilo 3 na hay, 4 kilogiram na albarkatun gona da kuma 1 kg na hatsi cakuda kowace rana;
- bayan watanni 7-8 na rayuwa, matasa zasu iya cin abinci kamar yadda suke so, kuma yawancin su yana cike da kayan lambu 10 na kayan lambu (hakika sliced) da kuma kilogiram na cakuda cakuda;
- a nan gaba, yawan kayan lambu ya karu zuwa 12-15 kg kowace rana, hatsi har zuwa 5 kg, kuma sauran abinci zai shafe ta da hay da silage a cikin hunturu ko ciyawar ciyawa a lokacin rani.
Babban tushen kayan amfani ga calves a tsakanin melons da gourds za su kasance kabewa da zucchini, kuma daga tushen amfanin gona sugar beets da karas cancanci kulawa ta musamman. A cikin hunturu, wasu kayan lambu za a iya maye gurbinsu da haylage ko silage, wanda dabbobi ke ci tare da rashin farauta.
Yana da muhimmanci! Gurasar da aka jefa ta yi amfani da sauri a cikin sauri, amma a lokaci guda naman su ya fi girma fiye da na maza da ba a yi ba.Dabbobin Limousin suna da kyau don zaɓi don su sami nauyin nama mai kyau, amma don yin hakan sosai, dole ne ka yi ƙoƙari don kulawa da kuma ciyar da shanu na wannan nau'in, ya yi murabus zuwa madadin madara mai yawa bukatunsa).
