Tumatir na da dadewa a cikin lambunmu, sun zama daya daga cikin mafi amfani da al'adun noma. Mazauna yankunan arewaci na kasar suna fama da matsalolin noma: Urals da Siberia, tun da tumatir ne al'adun kudanci. Raba ba ya tsaya ba, kuma ga mazaunan yankuna masu tsanani, sabon yanayin Snegir, wanda ke fuskantar yanayin zafi, an gina, kuma zamu tattauna game da wannan a cikin wannan labarin.
Abubuwan:
- Hanyoyin 'ya'yan itace da yawan amfanin ƙasa
- Zabi na seedlings
- Kasar gona da taki
- Yanayin girma
- Girma daga zuriyar zuwa seedlings a gida
- Tsarin shirye
- Abun ciki da wuri
- Tsarin shuka shuka
- Tsarin abinci
- Transplanting seedlings zuwa ƙasa
- Masana'antu na fasahar shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa
- Yanayin waje
- Hanyar dasa tsaba a ƙasa
- Watering
- Ƙasa mai tsawa da weeding
- Masking
- Garra bel
- Top dressing
- Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
- Girbi da ajiya
- Matsaloli masu yiwuwa da shawarwari
- Bidiyo: Bullfinch Tumatir
Bambancin bayanin
"Bullfinch" - ɗan gajeren tumatir, ba daidaito ba, amma ba fiye da rabin mita bata girma ko da a ƙarƙashin sharaɗɗan sharaɗi, wanda ya bambanta shi daga wasu tumatir irin wannan. Bush ba shi da mahimmanci, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kula da shi. Mai karfi pubescent harbe na haske koren launi tare da ba manyan, elongated siffar sassaka foliage, an rufe shi da wani tari mai laushi daga kasa.
Wani muhimmiyar bambanci daga tumatir da yawa shine cewa harbe zai iya tsira ba kawai yanayin zafi ba, amma kuma ya sake dawowa dusar ƙanƙara, Bugu da ƙari, iri-iri bazai rasa yawan amfanin ƙasa akan ƙasa mara kyau ba kuma a karkashin yanayin mummunan yanayi, kamar rashin haske ko danshi. A cikin arewa maso yammacin, a cikin yanayin filin bude, amfanin gona ya fara a watan Yuli, kuma waɗannan su ne bishiyoyi ba tare da tsari ba. Babban amfani na iri-iri:
- farkon da kuma uniform ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- jure yanayin zafi da fari;
- jure wa cututtuka na nightshade (marigayi blight, tsinkayen launin ruwan kasa);
- ikon yin tafiya ba tare da kullun ba;
- high quality na amfanin gona;
- kyakkyawan sufuri da ajiyar 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- duniya a cikin aikace-aikacen.
Shin kuna sani? Tumatir zai iya yin gaisuwa - 'ya'yan itacen sun ƙunshi ciwon sukari mai juyayi, wanda aka samo mafi yawan abu a cikin ja.
Hanyoyin 'ya'yan itace da yawan amfanin ƙasa
'Ya'yan itãcen nauyin daidai, a cikin cikakken lokacin balagagge an fiƙa su a cikin duhu. Naman jiki ne mai laushi, ba ruwa ba, amma mai dadi, mai dadi a dandano, 'ya'yan itace yana da nidun biyar tare da nauyin tsaba. Nauye na farko, yana cikin kwanaki 95 bayan bayyanar sabbin furanni, a lokacin da aka samu gwangwani biyu, gwaninta guda shida tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa biyar zuwa biyar da hannu ripen. Matsakaicin nauyin tumatir shine 150 g Har zuwa 6.5 kilogiram na amfanin gona za a iya girbe ta mita mita na dasa.
Zabi na seedlings
Mahimmanci don zaɓar mai kyau seedling:
- da kauri daga cikin kara ne game da fensir;
- samuwa na bakwai zuwa takwas zanen gado;
- gaban wani goga mai karfi;
- haske mai launi na foliage, ba tare da yellowness ko spots;
- rashin ovaries.
Za ku so ku san yadda za'a zabi lokacin mafi kyau don dasa shuki tumatir.
Daji, da aka rufe tare da ganye, ana iya shafe shi da nitrogen, irin waɗannan seedlings ba zai iya ba ovaries ba, duk ikon za a yi amfani da shi don gina ginin kore. Tsarin lokacin rani ko kuma bakin ciki mai rauni ba daidai ba ne. Idan an kafa ovaries, babu tabbacin cewa seedlings zasuyi tushe. Ko da yake yana da tushe, dole ne mutum yayi jira don samarda sabon ovaries, kuma, bisa ga haka, za a dakatar da kwanakin 'ya'yan itace.
Kada ku saya seedlings da aka ƙaddara a cikin akwati: lokacin da aka raba bushes, akwai babban yiwuwar lalata tushen tsarin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ka yi kokarin saya dukan tsire-tsire daga mai sayarwa: flora na kasar gona daga kowace gonar yana da nasu, mafi girma yawan masu sayarwa, da karin "chances" don tattara wani bouquet of fungi.
Kasar gona da taki
Tumatir yana buƙatar gina jiki, ƙasa mai laushi tare da tsaka tsaki (PH 6), a kan kasa mai acid, an rage yawan ingancin fruiting. Kyakkyawan loamy da ƙasa sandy. Tsire-tsire masu shuka lokacin da kasar gona ta yi zafi, a Yuni, kwanakin zai iya bambanta dangane da yankin. Tabbatar da amfanin gona na ƙasa ta amfani da na'urori na musamman
Muna ba da shawara ka yi la'akari da muhimmancin albarkatun ƙasa don tsire-tsire, yadda zaka iya sanin acidity na kasar gona da kuma yadda za a deoxidize ƙasa.
Peas, wake, kabeji na iya zama magabata ga tumatir. Bai kamata a dasa shi ba bayan sauran solanaceous, ciki har da tumatir. An tsabtace ƙasa ta albarkatun gona, aka haƙa da kuma ciyar da humus.
Yanayin girma
A wannan lokaci, yawan iska a cikin yankunan arewa maso yammacin shine + 15 ... +17 digiri, don haka don farko shine ya fi kyau a rufe seedlings tare da fim don daidaitawa. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, cire tsari don kwantar da tsire-tsire kuma cire condensate daga fim. A cikin yanayi mafi kyau, zaka iya yin ba tare da fim ba.
Don tumatir, kana buƙatar ɗaukar wuri mai haske, amma karamin inuwa "Bullfinch" ba ya cutar da shi. Ruwa da tsire-tsire a cikin matsakaici, tabbatar da cewa a gefen ƙasa a cikin trunks ba ta samar da ɓawon burodi ba. Bayan shafewa, an cire fim din kuma an kula dashi a matsayin matashi girma: matsakaici na watering, da yin amfani da ƙwayoyin ma'adinai a lokacin flowering, kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta a lokacin 'ya'yan itace.
Girma daga zuriyar zuwa seedlings a gida
Mafi hanya na girma tumatir "Bullfinch" - shi ne ya yi girma seedlings da kanka.
Tsarin shirye
Tsasa kayan abu yana buƙatar kwatanta. Don yin wannan, shirya ruwan sanyi ko ruwan sama (shi ne mafi sauƙi fiye da famfo ruwa), yana da zafi, amma ba Boiled ba. A cikin zafi, kimanin 50-60 digiri na ruwa, zuba fitar da tsaba, Mix da kuma ƙaryatãwa game da dukan surfaced: su ne pacifiers. Ana shirya tsaba A gaba mataki na shirye-shiryen da aka yi, a cikin ruwa mai sanyaya (ba a cire tsaba ba) ƙara girma stimulator, alal misali, "Appin" ko "Silk". Bayan sa'o'i uku, an cire kayan daga ruwa kuma an bushe sosai.
Abun ciki da wuri
Don tsaba, shirya kwantena ko kwalaye don seedlings, shirya cakuda ƙasa. Mafi kyawun mafi kyau: adadin gona na ƙasa da humus an hade shi kuma kimanin rabin ramin yashi ya kara. Yana da kyawawa don ƙone ƙasa.
Don kwantena da albarkatu suna shirya wuri mai dumi (+25 digiri) abun ciki tare da hasken murnar. A wurin lit an bayyana lokacin da harbe.
Tsarin shuka shuka
Shuka kwanakin don iri iri - tsakiyar Maris ko karshen watan. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin furrows, binne da 2 cm, yafa masa ƙasa. Bayan an shuka, ana yalwata kasar gona da kwalba mai laushi. Kada ku zuba ruwa a kan ƙasa daga watering iya - wanke ƙasa tare da tsaba.
Ka yi la'akari da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da fasalin kwayar tumatir da shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Tsarin abinci
Bayan fitowar seedlings seedlings suna bukatar hasken haske mafi yawan rana, don haka tsire-tsire suna buƙatar haskaka. Lokacin da na farko na rubutun ganye ya bayyana, sai bishiyoyi suka rusa cikin kwantena masu rarraba, suna watsar da rassan rassan. Bayan dasa, dasa takin ma'adinai mai mahimmanci tare da yawancin nitrogen, wanda zai kara hanzarta girma da greenery da harbe. Ruwan ruwa yadda ya kamata don kada ya sa juyawa daga tushen.
Kimanin mako guda kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, an yi tukunya da bishiyoyi zuwa gandun daji ko baranda don hardening. Fara aikin tare da sa'a daya ko biyu, a hankali kara abun ciki a cikin sanyi don dukan yini. Kwan zuma da bushes kawo wa baranda don hardening
Transplanting seedlings zuwa ƙasa
A watan Yuni, ana shuka bishiyoyi zuwa yankin da aka riga aka shirya. Rijiyoyin suna da zurfi, suna karɓar tushen tsarin na seedling. Domin kada ya lalata tushen sifofin na seedlings kuma sauƙin cire shi tare da clod ƙasa, tukunya tare da daji yana shayarwa. A kasan ramin rami ya tara tudun ƙasa, ya sanya seedlings, ya daidaita tushen sa kuma ya bar ƙasa barci. Tsakanin tsire-tsire, nesa na akalla 40 cm, tsakanin layuka na plantings - kimanin 70 cm.
Masana'antu na fasahar shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa
Idan muna la'akari da mahimmancin juriya na juriya na "Bullfinch", to, yana yiwuwa a shuka shi nan da nan tare da tsaba.
Shin kuna sani? A kowace shekara kimanin miliyan 60 na tumatir suna girma a duniya. Don kwatanta, apples suna girma game da ton miliyan 36.
Yanayin waje
Don dasa shuki a ƙasa mai bude, ya kamata ka zabi wurin kudanci a kan shafin, bude rana zuwa mafi yawan hasken rana da kuma rufe daga iska. A cikin greenhouse kana bukatar ka yi la'akari da cewa a karo na farko kafin germination da yawan zafin jiki na abun ciki ya kamata high - har zuwa 25 digiri. Bayan fitowar harbe ya kamata a sauke shi zuwa digiri 17-20. Lokacin da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa, ƙananan bishiyoyi sun lalace. Tsarin gine-ginen yana buƙata ya taurare, barin ƙofar bude wani lokaci. Babban hasara na girma a cikin wani greenhouse shine yanayin da ya dace ga kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa, dumi da ruwa.
Yi wa iyalinka sanannun hanyoyin amfani da tumatir na tumatir: a kan windowsill, a cikin hydroponics, a cikin cochlea, bisa ga hanyar Maslov da Terekhins.
Hanyar dasa tsaba a ƙasa
Land don shuka a ƙasa an shirya a cikin fall, dug up tare da gabatarwar humus da itace ash. Ana yin shuka a ƙarshen Maris, a yankunan arewacin cikin marigayi hunturu suna rufe albarkatu tare da murfin fim guda biyu.
A cikin yankin da aka zaba don shuka, anyi ruwan sama mai zurfi, ana shayar da su sosai kuma suna jira har sai an shayar da ruwa. Sa'an nan kuma yayyafa a kan nau'in guda, ba mai nisa tsakanin su ba. Sa'an nan, a lokacin da germinating, rauni seedlings na bakin ciki fita.
Watering
Watering tumatir yana buƙatar matsakaici, "Bullfinch" ba ya son dadi mai zurfi, saboda haka tare da ruwan sama na ruwa na yau da kullum ana gudanar da shi ne kawai idan akwai wata bukata mai mahimmanci.
Yi amfani da kwarewa da amfani da amfani da ruwa mai ban sha'awa, da kuma yadda za a tsara tsarin rassan ruwa a cikin dacha.
Don ban ruwa amfani da dumi, ruwa mai laushi, zai fi dacewa a shigar a kan tashar shafin don tattara ruwan sama. Matsa ruwan da karfi mai tsanani zai iya yin taushi da borax ko itace ash (3 g da lita 1).
Ƙasa mai tsawa da weeding
A lokaci guda tare da ban ruwa, ana yin shinge don saturate tushen tsarin tare da oxygen. Ana shayar da shayarwa akai-akai, kamar yadda ya cancanta, cire weeds.
Masking
"Bullfinch" - mahimmanci, yana nufin cewa, kai ga wani tsawo, tip ɗin yana tsayawa girma da kuma haɓakawa. Saboda haka, iri-iri, bisa manufa, baya buƙatar pasynkovanii, ta hanya, kananan stepchildren kuma samar da amfanin gona. Yi amfani da daji a cikin tulu biyu ko uku.
Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na tumatir suna buƙatar stepchild. Karanta yadda za a samar da tumatir a cikin filin bude da kuma cikin greenhouse.
Garra bel
Sauran nau'i nau'i, maimakon haka, yana buƙatar goyon baya a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itace, duk da tsire-tsire, tsummoki mai nauyi da' ya'yan itatuwa zai iya karya su. Saboda haka, a lokacin da aka samo 'ya'yan itatuwa ga daji suna shirya karamin karamin tare da girma, tare da tayar da daji tare da takwas ta amfani da launi na bakin ciki.
Duk yadda ƙarfin stalk zai iya kasancewa, duk masu bada shawara sun bada shawarar tumatir tumatir a fili.
Top dressing
"Bullfinch" ya fi dacewa wajen magance ma'adinai. A lokacin flowering, samuwar ovaries da fruiting bushes suna shayar karkashin tushen phosphorus-potassium hadaddun.
Kwaro, cututtuka da kuma rigakafi
Babban cututtuka na tumatir suna marigayi blight, launin toka da kuma saman rot, launin ruwan kasa. "Bullfinch" yana da karfi mai rigakafi ga waɗannan cututtuka, amma rigakafi ba ya cutar da shi.
Koyi yadda za a rabu da mu phytophthora, cladosporia da apical rot tumatir.
Don hana ci gaban fungi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, kasar gona a kan shafin yana yaduwa da wani bayani na potassium permanganate. Ana yin spraying tare da zafi bayani na haske ruwan hoda launi. Yayyafa tumatir tare da bayani na potassium permanganate Kafin flowering, an shuka tsire-tsire tare da shiri na halitta "Fitosporin". An halaka kwari da kwari kafin lokacin flowering. Tumatir iya kai hari aphid, scoop, Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, medvedka. Lokacin zabar ƙwayoyin kwari ya kamata ya fi son magani. Bayan flowering da lokacin 'ya'yan itace, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya:
- jiko na Dandelion Tushen;
- dabbar daji;
- jiko na tansy;
- gurza da toka da taba foda.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yi aikin a cikin maraice, don haka an yi amfani da danshi a hankali, kuma ba a kwashe shi ba a karkashin rana kuma ba ta ƙone ba idan ya tuntube shi.
Girbi da ajiya
Tsire-tsire ta fara da tsakiyar - karshen watan Yuli. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun tashi kusan a ko'ina, don haka zaka iya cire dukan amfanin gona nan da nan. An cire shi daga daji a cikin yanayin fasaha, idan tumatir sun girma don dalilai na kasuwanci, kuma za a kawo su. Don amfanin gida zai iya cirewa kuma yayi cikakke, tun da al'adar ba ta da kuskure. Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna fadi a cikin kwalaye, an sanya su tare da sawdust, kuma an zabi' ya'yan itace ba tare da lalacewa ba. Storage yawan zafin jiki - 10-12 digiri, zafi - ba fiye da 80%. Ana dakin dakin a kai a kai don kada danshi ya tara kuma cututtuka ba su ci gaba ba.
A kiyaye waɗannan dokoki samfurin zai kasance kimanin watanni biyu. Yi wanke samfurin nan da nan kafin amfani.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa da shawarwari
Don kauce wa matsalolin lokacin shuka amfanin gona, irin su karkatarwa ko yellowing ganye, da fadar ovaries ko 'ya'yan itace kore, da matakan da za a magance cututtuka da kwari ya kamata a yi a lokaci. Yana da shan kashi na kamuwa da cuta, fungi ko kwari da tsire-tsire ta haifar da bayyanar waje. Watering na shuke-shuke ya kamata a yi a karkashin tushen don kauce wa konewa na foliage. Yawan ruwan danshi ya kamata ya zama matsakaici don kada ya haifar da lalacewa, wanda, a gefe guda, zai shafi yanayin sassa na iska. Ƙananan ganye na bushes ya kamata a yanke don kaucewa yawan zafi.
Ba lallai ba ne don magance shi da takin mai magani da kuma safiyar gaba a gaba ɗaya, iri-iri yana dacewa da ci gaba a ƙasa mara kyau, kuma tare da yawan takin mai magani na sharuddan abincin zai iya komawa baya, ingancin amfanin gona zai karu, alal misali, 'ya'yan itace zai zama ruwa da kuma maras kyau. Samun launi zai taimaka wajen guje wa jiyya tare da bayani na boric acid (dan kadan). Kuma faduwar ovaries za ta dakatar da "stim". Ana magance mafita tare da al'ada da yamma, a bushe, yanayin kwanciyar hankali.
"Bullfinch" - mai wakiltar wakilcin farkon irin tumatir. Ba a sami karin bayani ba, kuma zaka iya ƙara wani abu zuwa ga amfanin da ke sama: za ka iya amfani da tumatir ɗin nan sabo da kuma adana hunturu, gwangwani, gwangwani, m, yin ruwan 'ya'yan itace har ma da jam daga gare su.