Catalpa - kyakkyawan itace da aka samo a wasu ƙasashe, irin su China, Japan, Arewacin Amurka, Gabashin Indiya, na halittar Bignonius ne.
Shuka ya kasance ga nau'in deciduous, na ado. A kowane lokaci na shekara, launin ganyayyakinsa kore ne, wanda mutane ke kiransa da kullun.
Bayanin bishiyar Catalpa
Ya girma zuwa 30 m, yayin da diamita daga cikin akwati ya bambanta a cikin kewayon 15-25 cm. Furanni a cikin nau'i na rami suna fitar da wari mai ban mamaki. A inuwa na buds ne mau kirim, akwai ƙananan duhu aibobi.
Inflorescences daidai ne, a cikin nau'in dala. 'Ya'yan itaciyar na iya girma har zuwa 40 cm a tsayi, suna da kamannin kwalaye na peculiar. Suna ɗaukar ƙwayar shuka. Flow ya fara a Yuli. Koyaya, 'ya'yan itaciyar za su iya rataye aƙalla duk shekara, sanyi ba ya shafar su ta kowace hanya.
Jinsunan Catalpa
Tun da tsire-tsire ke tsiro cikin jerin ƙasashe masu yawa inda yanayin yanayi yake da bambanci, yana da nau'ikan iri da iri. Don dalilai na kayan ado, ba duk bambance-bambancen mai yiwuwa ba ne ke girma, tunda an zaɓi fifiko ga samfuran kayan adon kyau. Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri, mai jure sanyi, yana haɓaka da kyau a tsakiyar layin.
Fine (kwazazzabo)
Daidai yana nufin mafi girman nau'in wannan itaciyar. A tsayi, zai iya girma har zuwa 30. Gangar jikin yana da santsi da laushi. Kambi yana da siffar dala mai fadi, haushi nau'in farantin fata ne, yana da launin toka.
Yana tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa -28 ° C. Ganyen shuka yana da kyau, kore mai haske. A cikin tsayi, sun girma zuwa cm 30, a fadin su har zuwa cm 15. Suna riƙe da launin launinsu zuwa ga daskararru sosai. Buds suna girma a kan wannan bishiyar kyawawan fararen launuka masu laushi, a wasu wuraren akwai launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi.
Na gama gari (bignoniform)
Crownwanƙwasa mai raunin wannan nau'in ya girma zuwa 20 m tsawo, zagaye a cikin siffar. Haushi shine nau'in farantin bakin ciki, yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske.
Ganyayyaki sun yi kama da na lilacs, amma ya fi girma. Sanya launi mai laushi, har zuwa 20 cm tsayi, har zuwa 15 cm fadi.
A buds na wannan nau'ikan suna sanye da launin dusar ƙanƙara mai launin fari, tare da lokaci-lokaci abin da ke faruwa ja da launin toka da launin toka akan fure. Suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi, suna tattarawa cikin inflorescences. Furanni kansu kusan 30 cm tsayi kuma 20 cm fadi
Matsakaicin lokacin furanni shine kwanaki 20, yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Iri:
- Aurea - launi daban-daban na zinare.
- Picta - kasancewar ganye daban-daban.
- Nana karami ne, mai iri iri wanda bashi da fure.
- Kama - tare da furanni biyu.
- Kene - ganye mai launin rawaya wanda ba a sani ba a tsakiyar wanda akwai launin duhu mai duhu mai duhu, daga abin da jijiyoyin fata suke tashi daga launi iri ɗaya.
Babu banbanci
Shortan gajeren tsayi, ke tsiro game da 10 m, kuma a wani shafi ko a cikin lambu kawai m 4. Kambi mai faɗi ne, a cikin tanti. Furanni, kamar yadda a cikin nau'ikan launuka na da suka gabata, akwai ƙamshi mai haske da launin shuɗi. Wani fasali shi ne ganyayyaki uku na itace, mai bambanta shi da wasu.
Suna da launin koren duhu mai duhu, 30 cm ta cm cm 15. Thea fruitsan itan kuma suna da sifar falonni, tsayi cm cm 45. Katalpa mai siffar ƙwai ita ce mafi kyau dangane da barin da zaɓar ƙasa, kuma suna son hasken rana.
Fargoza
Demandingarin buƙatar akan ƙananan yanayin zafi. Wataƙila girma a kudu na Rasha. Tsarin matsakaici, ya kai mita 20. Tsawon ganye ganye akan bishiyoyi suna da sauki a tsari da tsari, suna da duhu, launin kore.
Furannin wannan shuka suna girma ruwan hoda, wani lokacin ruwan hoda-purple. Ra'ayin lambu ya shahara sosai, saboda matsakaiciyar haɓaka, kyakkyawan furen furanni da fitowar janar baki ɗaya. Bugu da kari, yana da shuɗewa fiye da takwarorinsa.
Damuwa
An samo shi ta hanyar ƙetara katako na talakawa da marasa tsallakewa. Ya zama kyakkyawa hunturu-Hardy look. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dashi sosai a tsakiyar layi. Ya kasance tsakanin nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu tsayi da na matsakaici.
Matsakaicin girma shine m 16. Gwanin yana girma a cikin nau'i mai nau'i na Semi-Sphere. Ganyen yana da koren haske. Fure furanni tara a inflorescences. Hakanan ana yaba sosai game da ƙirƙirar ƙirar shimfidar wuri mai faɗi a shafin.
Tsarin Catalpa a buɗe ƙasa
Tunda Catalpa yana cikin nau'in kayan ado na itace, wannan yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar hanya ta musamman game da batun namowa. Kayan aikin dasa iri daya ne da na yawancin tsire-tsire. Wajibi ne a zabi daidai, ƙasa mai kyau don wannan bishiyar, shuka. Ta hanyar bayyanar harbe, ya riga ya zama dole don aiwatar da tsayayyen ruwa na yau da kullun, ya wajaba ga matasa harbe.
Ba a hana amfani da kayan miya da takin gargajiya daban-daban ba, koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa babu phosphorus mai yawa a cikin kayan su.
Dukkanin seedlings an kasu kashi biyu, shekara-shekara da biennial. Haka kuma, komai nau'in su, saukowa da kulawa kusan iri daya ne. Dasa shuka dole ne a yi kai tsaye a cikin bazara, ana iya yinsa a cikin bazara, amma bayan aiwatar da faduwar ganye.
Saukowa yana buƙatar rukunin yanar gizon da aka tsarkake shi ta hanyar asalin haske, watau rana. Bugu da kari, tilas ne a dogara da shi daga iska. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Catalpa ta yanayin ta ne tsire-tsire mai ƙeƙasasshe, musamman ma a matakin samuwar yana da sauƙin lalata.
Lokacin dasa shuki fiye da ɗaya bishiya, ko kusa da wasu tsire-tsire, ya zama dole a kula da tazara tsakanin su aƙalla 4. Ana bayanin wannan ta hanyar ƙaunar seedling zuwa filin buɗe ido, kuma ban da, lokacin da ya yi girma, zai bazu sosai. Tushen tsarin kuma baya sauka gaba daya, amma yana yadu ko'ina cikin kasar.
Tsarin ramin saitin ya kamata ya fara da tabbatar da zurfin da yakamata, aƙalla 100 cm, yayin da faɗin ya kamata ya zama akalla cm 70. Sannan kuna buƙatar shirya cakuda ta musamman. Ya ƙunshi humus, yashi, peat, ƙasa mai ganye. Duk wannan dole ne a haɗe shi da itacen ash, kawai ƙara game da g 50 na dutsen phosphate. Sakamakon cakuda dole ne a sanya shi cikin rami wanda aka riga aka shirya.
Koyaya, kafin wannan, a ainihin ƙasa, yana da buƙatar yin abin da ake kira matakin magudanar ruwa, kauri ya bambanta daga 12 cm zuwa 15 cm, amma a kowane hali yakamata ya kasance ƙasa da 12 cm.
Lambatu shine duwatsun da aka rushe, ko tubalin da aka riga ya faskara a kananan gutsutsuren Bayan an gama shirya magudanar ruwa, ramin ya cika cakuda ƙasa. Kuma bayan wannan ne kawai aka fara dasa tushen tsarin shuka. Sa’annan ƙasa an ɗan murƙushe dan kadan, a matse. Bayan an kammala wannan aikin, wajibi ne don shayar da seedling.
Nan da nan bayan an sha ruwa, wajibi ne don ciyawa ƙasa, peat yana da kyau sosai ga wannan rawar.
Kula da Catalpa a cikin Lambun
Catalpa sananne ne saboda ƙaunar danshi.
Lokacin girma wannan kyakkyawan itace a cikin lambu, ya zama dole don ruwa akalla sau 1 a mako. Yana da kyau a tuna cewa ana buƙatar aƙace bulo na ruwa guda 2 a kowace shuka.
Akwai banbancen da yawan ruwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da yanayin hadari, da ruwa. Idan ruwan sama ya mamaye yankin, ana iya rage ruwa zuwa sau 3 a wata. Idan, akasin haka, yankin ya zama m, to, adadin yawan ruwa, a akasin wannan, yana ƙaruwa, har sau 2 a mako. Bayan kowace shayarwa, ya zama dole don sassauta ƙasa a kusa da akwati, alhali ba manta don cire ciyawar ciyawa ba.
Itace tana amsa isasshen takin ta da takin zamani daban-daban, harma da wasu "muradi". Additionarin ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki zuwa ƙasa shima yana buƙatar yin shi akai-akai. Wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar jadawalin don aikace-aikacen taki, yayin da kowane zama yakamata a daidaita, kuma yakamata a sami tsawan lokaci mai yawa a tsakani.
Misali, a cikin kaka, mai shuka yana buƙatar miya babba tare da babban abun ciki na potassium da phosphorus. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a guji takin da ke ɗauke da phosphorus a wannan lokacin.
Don ba da ɗan shuka mafi kyau ado da kyau bayyanar, shi wajibi ne don datsa shi a kai a kai. Lokacin bazara cikakke ne ga wannan kasuwancin, tunda a wannan lokacin alkalami bai da lokacin samun cikakken tsari kuma ya kumbura. Yin gogewar ya ƙunshi cire rassan dusar ƙanƙara, waɗanda kuma bushe, marasa lafiya, da lalace (karye).
Hakanan ana ba da shawarar a cire rassan da ke girma a ƙasashen waje, saboda suna lalata kamannin gaba ɗaya na shuka. A cikin bazara ne aka tsara kambi, yana ba shi kyakkyawan kyakkyawan tsari.
Matasa matasa ba wai kawai suna buƙatar kariya daga iska ba, har ma mafaka a cikin hunturu, har ma da nau'in sanyi mai iya sanyi. Yayinda suke girma, nau'in hunturu-Hardy basa buƙatar wannan.
Catalpa kiwo
Shuka tsaba don shuka ana bada shawarar yin shi a ƙarshen Fabrairu, ko a farkon Maris. Kafin wannan, an shuka tsaba na shuka sosai tsawon awanni 12 cikin ruwa. Idan ana tsammanin dasa shuki a faɗuwar, to, kada tsaba ya kasance cikin ruwa.
Fasaha na zuriyar tsiro:
- A cikin kwantena da aka riga aka shirya tare da ƙasa mai mahimmanci, suna yin babban peculiar cikin inda za'a rarraba tsaba.
- Sannan an rufe tsaba da kasa, bayan an shayar dasu, amma ba yalwa. Idan kun shawo kan shi, zaku iya lalata su.
- Bayan ruwa, an rufe kwantena tare da kunshin filastik, ko an rufe shi da gilashi don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse. Ana sanya kwantena a cikin daki inda zazzabi iska ya kasance +22 ° C. Kowace rana suna cire tsari na mintina 10, wanda ya sa shuka ya ɗan iska.
- A cikin ɗaki tare da seedlings, kuna buƙatar samar da isasshen haske, amma ya kamata a tabbata cewa haskoki UV kai tsaye ba su hau kan seedlings ba, wannan zai cutar da ɓarnar.
- Har ila yau, suna sa ido kan shayarwa, a kai a kai kuma suna ɗora shi.
Saukowa a cikin ƙasa a fili zai yiwu ne a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Baya ga tsaba, wannan shuka kuma za a iya yadu dashi ta hanyar cuttings. Yankan yankan itace saboda waɗannan dalilai a kusan watan agusta. An yanke su aƙalla 8 cm, koyaushe tare da balagagge, kodan rayuwa. Yankan yankan kai tsaye ana shuka su ne a cikin wani abin da ke buɗe yashi da peat. Yin amfani da kwalabe filastik ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse a gare su. Kula da yankan daidai yake da na seedlings. Bishiyar ta yau da kullun, buƙatar kullun don cire kwalban minti 10, don samun iska daga cikin sprouts. Saukowa a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa an yi shi, kamar yadda yake tare da seedlings, kusa da ƙarshen Mayu.
Kwayoyin cutar Catalpa da cututtuka
Duk da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire mafi yawa ado ne, amma yana da rigakafi mai ƙarfi sosai, wanda ya ba shi damar fallasa ga yawancin cututtuka. Koyaya, ƙarfin rigakafin kai tsaye yana kan ingantaccen kula da shuka. Idan kun yi watsi da kowane nuances, to ko da mafi kyawun cuta na iya buga wannan kyakkyawan itaciyar. Kuma kamar yadda yake faruwa koyaushe, mai yiwuwa ba za a bi da su ba kuma hanya daya kawai ita ce cire tsire.
Irin wannan nasarar ta haɗari sun haɗa da kwari iri. Lokacin da suka bayyana, ko kuma idan ana zargin kasancewar su, dole ne a bi da shuka da wuri-wuri tare da wakilai na musamman da kwari. Irin waɗannan samfurori ana siyar dasu kyauta a cikin shagunan lambun.
Wata matsala mafi haɗari ita ce cattail. Sun sa larvae a cikin haushi daga itacen, wanda bi da bi lalata shi. A sakamakon haka, shuka ya fara lalacewa cikin hanzari. Don haka, babu mafita ga wannan matsala; lalacewar larvae na shuka yana nufin mutuwa. Koyaya, har yanzu yana yiwuwa don kare itacen, saboda wannan ya wajaba don aiwatar da wasu matakan rigakafin, a kai a kai tare da maganin kwari.
Babu ƙarancin haɗari fiye da kwari don Catalpa shine cutar verticillus withering. Alamun wannan cutar sune ganye mai launin rawaya, suna fadowa. Kawai matakin farko na cutar ana bi da shi, don wannan, ana amfani da magunguna na musamman, kamar Fundazole. Lokacin da cutar ta riga ta inganta isa, ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da shuka, kawai cirewa gabaɗaya zai taimaka.
Hakanan, itacen zai iya shafawa ta mildew powdery.
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: amfani da catalpa da kaddarorin amfani
Kamar duk tsire-tsire, fure-fure da bishiyoyi, Catalpa yana da jerin aikace-aikace na kanta. Misali, an dade ana amfani da tsaba wajen kirkiro mai na musamman. Ya kasance ga nau'in bushewa da sauri, irin wannan man an yi amfani dashi sosai a cikin zane-zanen masana'antu.
Additionari ga haka, masu kiwon kudan zuma suna shuka wannan itaciyar, kamar yadda take shuka zuma. Catalpa ana amfani dashi sosai don ƙirƙirar ƙirar shimfidar wuri daban-daban, shimfidar wuraren shakatawa na birni da murabba'ai, yankuna daban-daban.
Itace ta samo aikace-aikacen ta a maganin mutane. Maganin shafawa mai warkarwa, painkillers ana yinsu ne a kan ganye da haushi na wannan bishiyar. Bugu da kari, kwayoyi da aka kirkira akan wannan shuka suna da kaddarorin antibacterial.
