Strawberries, ko strawberries strawberries - daya daga cikin rare da kuma fi so berries ga mafi yawan mutane. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, saboda yana da dandano mai ban sha'awa da ƙanshin da ba ya son wani abu. Akwai nau'o'in irin wadannan berries, kuma kowannensu yana da halaye na kansa. Wannan labarin zai tattauna daya daga cikin masu alamar yanayin strawberries - "Marmalade".
Game da kiwo
Na gode wa Italiya don irin wannan damshin strawberry, domin a 1989 sun bred wannan iri-iri. Domin samun "Marmalade", an tsayar da irin "Gorela" da "Holiday".
Shin kuna sani? Duk da cewa strawberries suna da dadi sosai, suna dauke da ƙaramin sukari, har ma da ƙasa da lemun tsami.
Halitta bayanin da bayyanar
Don gwada bambancin "Marmalade" daga wasu nau'in, kana buƙatar sanin siffofinta na waje. 
Bushes
Da iri-iri yana da iko sosai, amma a lokaci guda karamin daji. Yana da tsayi (har zuwa 30-40 cm), yadawa, tare da babban ɓangaren kore kuma da yawa harbe.
An ganyayyaki ganye akan bishiya kuma suna da launi mai duhu.
Ƙunƙircinsu suna da yawa, an tura su zuwa sama kuma suna daukaka sama da ganye. Blooms amfani, da furanni kansu suna da fari a cikin launi.
Berries
Berries iri "Marmalade" da dama fasali, wanda wannan lambu yake ƙaunar da yawa:
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ne babba (25-30 g), wani lokaci babba (har zuwa 40 g);
- siffar yau da kullum tare da maƙiraƙi mai sauƙi da dan kadan;
- launi mai haske ja;
- berries ne mai yawa, amma a lokaci guda m da mai dadi (tare da haske sourness);
- ya ƙanshi ƙanshi.
Dabbobi iri-iri
Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, yana da muhimmanci don la'akari da halaye na iri-iri.
Furewa juriya da sanyi juriya
"Marmalade" yayi sanyi ga yanayin zafi, amma a cikin sanyi (a cikin ƙasa -15 ° C) da kuma dusar ƙanƙara masu dusar ƙanƙara na buƙatar tsari. Idan hunturu na da dusar ƙanƙara, to, bishiyoyi zasu iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -30 ° C.
Daban-daban yana jurewa fari sosai, amma lokuta na yau da kullum yana da kyawawa, in ba haka ba 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu rasa juyayin su da kyawawan halaye. Bugu da} ari, wuce gona da iri don shayarwa na lalacewa.
Lokacin bazara da yawan amfanin ƙasa
Marmalade yana da lokaci mai tsabta. Daban-daban yana ba da girbi mai kyau. Daga ɗaya daji za a iya tattara daga 700 g zuwa 1 kg na berries. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tare da kulawa ta dace da yanayin hawan kai, tsire-tsire zasu iya haifar da 'ya'yan itace 2 sau a kowace kakar.
Shin kuna sani? Saboda kasancewarsa a cikin abun da ake ciki na bitamin na rukuni B, strawberries suna da amfani sosai ga tsarin mai juyayi kuma ana bada shawarar don amfani da mutane da yawa da damuwa.
Transportability
Duk da juiciness, strawberries na wannan iri-iri suna da girbi da kuma hawa a kan nisa nesa. Berries ba su da gurasa kuma kada ku bari ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ko da a lokacin da aka kawo su a cikin kwalaye da Layer har zuwa 20 cm. 
Aikace-aikacen
Saboda dandano, iri-iri iri-iri "Marmalade" yana da nau'in aikace-aikace masu yawa:
- An cinye raw, sanya daga gare shi daban-daban desserts da Sweets;
- berries ne sanya daga jams da kuma kare;
- Yi amfani da 'ya'yan itace don dalilai na kwaskwarima (fata, gashi).
Familiarize kanka tare da girke-girke don shirya strawberries: jam, marmalade, alewa, compote, tincture, sanyi.
Inda za a shuka a shafin
Bambanci "Marmalade" yana shahararrun tsakanin masu son lambu, kuma don girma don sayarwa. Amma don amfanin gonar ya zama darajar kokarin, dole ne a yi amfani da fasaha mai noma.
Girman aikin girbi na gaba zai dogara da yadda aka zaba wuri kuma an shuka shuke-shuke:
- Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance tsaka tsaki. Kasashen acidic dole ne su zama karin lemun tsami, in ba haka ba amfanin gona zai kara ƙasa kuma ya fi kyau a cikin inganci.
- Shafin yana da kyawawa don zaɓar rana, tare da ƙaramin inuwa. Babu cikakkiyar hasken rana zai shawo kan ingancin 'ya'yan itace.
- Ruwan ƙasa suna da mummunan tasirin dasa, don haka ya kamata a kauce masa.
- Idan sauyin yanayi yana da zafi, to, ya kamata a kafa bushes a kan sassan da aka haɓaka.
Koyi yadda za a shuka shuki a cikin kaka da kuma bazara, a karkashin rufe kayan, a cikin wani gine-gine, ta amfani da fasahar Holland, don yayi girma daga tsaba.
Idan gugar (dankali, tumatir) ya girma a kan mãkirci, to ba'a ba da shawarar shuka shuki a kan shi ba, kamar yadda suke ƙin albarkatun ƙasa.
Mafi yawan magabata na strawberries a kan shafin shine karas, beets, cucumbers ko letas. 
Yadda za a shuka seedlings
Don dasawa mai kyau, dole ne ka bi da fasaha ka bi umarnin:
- Lokacin mafi kyau ga saukowa shi ne ƙarshen watan Agusta. A wannan yanayin, girbin zai girbe ne kawai don kakar ta gaba, amma a kan hunturu tsire-tsire za suyi karfi da girma.
- Nisa tsakanin bushes ya kasance game da 30-35 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka - 50 cm Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bushes suna da iko sosai kuma suna buƙatar sarari don cikakken girma.
- Tushen dole ne ya dace a cikin rami.
- Tsarin iri yana buƙatar cika da kasa ba tare da matukar damuwa ba, don haka tushen tsarin yana samun damar oxygen.
- Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a shayar da tsire-tsire don hanzarta cigaba da kuma inganta lafiyar na shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don samun girbin ingancin mafi girma, dole ne a shirya girke-girke daga bazara: shuka tare da manna kore, waɗanda aka tsoma a watan Agustan, kuma takin tare da dukkan nau'ikan ƙasa da ake bukata a cikin makircin da aka zaɓa.
Kulawa na gida
Bayan da aka zaba wurin da aka dace daidai kuma an yi shuka sosai, strawberries suna bukatar kulawa mai kyau:
- Hanyar mafi kyau ga ruwa shi ne drip ban ruwa. Idan wannan ban ruwa ba zai yiwu ba, to sai a yi amfani da watering tare da hannu. Yawan ya dogara da yanayin yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayin musamman. A matsakaici, shuke-shuken ya kamata ya zama 1 kowace kwanaki 4-7, yawan watering a lokuta daban-daban na kakar shine kamar haka, bambancin yana cikin yawan ruwan da ake amfani dashi. Idan aka ruwa, za a iya soke watering mai zuwa. A cikin zafi, ruwa amfani da 1 square. m shine lita 20, kuma a cikin mai sanyaya - 10-12 lita. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa rashin ruwan inima yana shafar ingancin berries, yana sa su kasa da kyau.
- Don kada gadaje su juya zuwa cikin tsire-tsire, wajibi ne a koyaushe a datse antennae a kan bishiyoyi. Lokacin mafi kyau ga wannan hanya ita ce kaka, lokacin da girbi ya riga ya tara. A shekara ta farko, an umurce shi da yanke duk albarkatun da furanni, wanda zai ba da shuka damar ƙaruwa.
- Loosingwa hanya ne mai dacewa bayan gurasa. Ya kamata a yi shi zuwa zurfin 8-12 cm, amma yi hankali, in ba haka ba za ka iya lalata tushen tsarin. A lokaci guda kuma, an cire ƙwayoyin da suka samo tun daga lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a baya. Yana da muhimmanci a cire shuke-shuke maras so daga tushe, in ba haka ba zasu yi sauri ba.
- Ana buƙatar dashi don "Marmalade" kowace shekara 3. Sai kawai a cikin wannan yanayin, da berries zai zama na dace inganci da kuma a cikin ake so yawa.
- Mulching wata muhimmiyar mahimmanci ne ga lafiyar shuke-shuke a cikin bazara da kuma hunturu. A lokacin rani, don adana damshin, za ku iya ciyawa tare da sawdust ko ma kwali. Amma a cikin hunturu an shawarci yin wannan tare da taimakon fir fir da kuma agrofiber (ko wasu kayan da ba a ba su ba) a saman. Wannan zai taimaka wa tsire-tsire su tsira da sanyi.
- Tsarin hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa ne, duk da cewa yawancin suna da matukar damuwa ga raunuka daban-daban (cututtuka da kwari). Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar ka yad da bushes tare da furotin da kwari. Wannan ya kamata a yi daidai bisa ga umarnin don kwayoyi kuma a wani lokaci.
- Don samun sakamako mai kyau, riguna abu ne mai mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, injin ya amsa da gaske ga duka ma'adinai da takin gargajiya.
Don kyakkyawar aikin abinci mai gina jiki Yin amfani da takin gargajiya ya zama dole a matakai da yawa:
Don kyakkyawar aikin abinci mai gina jiki Yin amfani da takin gargajiya ya zama dole a matakai da yawa:- kafin dasa shuki, wajibi ne a narke ƙasa tare da peat da humus (5-8 kg ta 1 sq m);
- bayan bayyanar da rubutun farko, ana aiwatar da kayan aikin nitrogen; urea yafi dacewa (30 g da guga na ruwa);
- a lokacin flowering potassium nitrate ana amfani da (25 g da guga na ruwa), wanda ya gudana sosai a karkashin tushen;
- kafin farkon hunturu sanyi, ana amfani da taki (guga 1) da ash (1 kofin).
Ƙara koyo game da rudar ruwa: amfani da amfani, ƙungiyar drip irri na atomatik, zaɓi da shigarwa na drip tape, drip irrigation daga filastik kwalabe.Karanta kuma game da kula da strawberries: riguna a spring da kaka; bar a cikin bazara (a lokacin flowering), bayan girbi, a cikin fall.
Gwani da kuma fursunoni
Strawberry "Marmalade" yana da yawa da wadata:
- kyau bayyanar;
- arziki dandano da ƙanshi;
- rashin jin dadi da dangi na karuwa;
- da yiwuwar da saukaka harkokin sufuri;
- high jure cututtuka da yanayi daban-daban yanayi.
Amma wannan irin wannan nau'i na da fursunoni? Haka ne, kamar kowane shuka, yana da nasa kasawa:
- idan aka yi ruwan sama a lokacin lokacin girbi, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun fara talauci, sun zama daɗaɗɗɗa da ƙasa da ƙanshi.
- Tsarin daji na ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin lambun yana sa 'ya'yan itace su karami;
- ya nuna cikakkiyar damarsa kawai a ƙasa mai tsaka tsaki, a wasu lokuta ingancin amfanin gona ya rage;
- berries suna ƙarƙashin wasu cututtuka (fari da launin ruwan kasa).
Karanta kuma game da hanyoyi na magance cututtuka da kwari na strawberries: fusarium da verticillium wilt, redness na ganye, nematodes.
Video: 'Marmolada' nazari
Strawberries 'Marmolada': Masu nazarin lambu
Samun sha'awar da kwarewa kaɗan, za ka iya yin katin kasuwancin ku na gonar strawberry iri "Marmalade". Bayan haka, manyan kayan da ba su da ban sha'awa ba za su bar wasu daga cikin ƙaunataccenku ko baƙo ba kuma za a tuna da su da duk wanda ya jarraba su na dogon lokaci.
