Daga cikin yawancin bambancin launin barkono, tumatir ko kokwamba, kwanan nan, kayan ado masu kyau a gida suna da sananne. Yana da amfani da wannan da barkono "Wuta", wanda, duk da tsananin kai, ya sami nasarar karɓar yawancin matan gidaje. Bari mu fahimci siffofinsa, ka'idojin namo da bukatun don kulawa.
Bayani
Yawancin barkono "Spark" ya kasance da yaduwa saboda kokarin ma'aikatan bincike na Transnistrian Cibiyar aikin noma, ta ƙetare irin tsire-tsire na Chilean da Kenya. A shekara ta 2006 an hade shi a cikin rajista na jihar kuma tun daga lokacin ya fara sasantawa a fadin Rasha da kasashe masu kusa.
A yau, "Siffar" yana dauke da daya daga cikin nau'in barkono mai mahimmanci. Daga harbe har zuwa lokacin fasaha na girkewa daga 115 zuwa 120 days, kuma fasalin halittu yana faruwa bayan kwana 140. Nauyin nau'in 'ya'yan itace ya bambanta daga 40 zuwa 45 grams, kuma murfinta na bangon yana kimanin 1.5 mm. A cikin bayyanar - wannan shine fata mai haske mai haske.
Wadanda suke da kyau da kuma irin wannan nau'in mai dadi kamar: "Mujallar California", "Claudio F1", "Gypsy F1", "Anastasia", "Ox's Ear", "Kakadu", "Bogatyr", "Soloist", "Habanero", " Sauye, Ƙarfin Mira, Miracle, Atlas.
Wannan iri-iri ne na farkon matsakaici, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya samun 'ya'yan itatuwan kusa da ƙarshen lokacin rani ko ma farkon lokacin kaka, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayin gine-gine, ci gaban su yafi sauri. "Shine" yana da kyau don girma a fili da kuma a cikin gine-gine, kuma a cikin ɗakin - hakika, idan zaka iya shirya dukkan yanayin da ya kamata. A cikin dakin dakuna, za a iya samun nauyin kilo 3.8 a kowace mita mita, yayin da a cikin ƙasa mai laushi wannan adadi ba ya wuce 3 kilogiram.
A tsawo, ƙananan barkono bushes sun kai 60 cm (idan sun girma cikin gonar) kuma game da 30 cm lokacin da girma cikin tukwane a kan windowsill. Babban amfani da iri-iri shine babban juriya ga bacteriosis.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba duk al'adun da aka kira "fitilu" ba, sune wakilai na wannan iri-iri. A yawancin yankuna, haka ake kira kowane barkono mai zafi, ko da kuwa asalinsa.
Saukowa
Dangane da wurin ci gaba na gaba (yanayi na gida ko ƙasa maras tabbas), akwai wasu peculiarities na dasa da kuma kula da barkono Ogonek. Ka yi la'akari da kowane zaɓi.
Girma a kan windowsill
Lokacin da kake girma a gida, yana da kyau don fara wannan tsari a karshen Fabrairu, ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar Maris. (tsaba sunyi zurfi a cikin matakan da aka shirya a gaba, kuma tsire-tsire ya kamata su cigaba da wucewa a cikin karamin shukako ta hanyar zafi na farko).
Gilashin yumbura na da kyau don shuka tsaba. tare da girma na akalla 3-5 lita kuma tare da bude don saki da wuce haddi ruwa. A matsayin madauri don dasa shuki, yana da kyawawa don amfani da cakuda yashi, gonar lambu da humus (rabo 1: 2: 1), da shirya tsararren gyare-gyare mai kyau kafin a cika su (tubalin fashe, yumbu mai yalwa ko dutse mai gushewa). Tare da noma na shekara-shekara na barkono mai kyau, dole ne a canza ƙasa sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma ana amfani da takin mai magani ne kawai a lokacin dasawa (kwayoyin halitta ana amfani dashi) da kuma lokacin girma (phosphorus-potassium mahadi). Matsayin aikace-aikace na takin - 1 lokaci a cikin makonni biyu.
Zaka kuma iya girma a kan windowsill: tumatir, cucumbers, Dill, kore albasa, arugula, alayyafo, letas, kankarar letas.
Zabi wani wuri don ajiye kwantena da barkono, ana bada shawara don kulawa da gaskiyar cewa sill window yana da haske da sanyi, domin don cimma iyakar 'ya'yan itace zai yiwu ne kawai tare da hasken wutar lantarki, mai goyan bayan akalla rabin yini. Tare da rashin haske na halitta, zakuyi amfani da fitilun blue-violet.
Game da yanayin zafin jiki, to, thermometer bai kamata ya nuna kasa da 15 ° C ba, kodayake a manyan rates zai iya juya launin rawaya da crumble kashe petals na daure buds. A cikin lokacin zafi, zai zama da amfani ga bugu da žari yana saukarda iska da kuma yada barkono barkono, yin aikin yau da kullum a maraice.
Watering girma a kan window sill "Spark" ya kamata a yi sau da yawa, amma da kadan yin amfani da ruwa, saboda oversaturation na ƙasa danshi zai rinjayi tasiri ga ci gaba da tushen tsarin (shi kawai rot). Sauran siffofi suna kula da zafi barkono a yanayin ɗakin.
Shin kuna sani? Tushen farko da aka rubuta don tabbatar da amfani da barkono daga magabatanmu su ne rubutun Sanskrit da aka rubuta sama da shekaru 3,000 da suka shude. Bugu da} ari, Indiya tana la'akari da wurin haihuwa na shuka, duk da cewa an dade shi a cikin yankuna masu zafi.
Kayan noma
Tare da dukan yiwuwar girma a gida, sau da yawa zai yiwu a sami barkono "Spark" kuma a cikin gadajen bude. Duk da haka, domin samun kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, za ku fara girma da shuka ta hanyar iri. Zaku iya sayen kayan dasawa a wurare masu mahimmanci na sayarwa, da kuma samfuran samfur daga amfanin gona na bara.
Don mai kyau seedlings a nan gaba, masana sun shawarta dasa tsaba a ƙarshen Maris ko Afrilu farkon, ta yin amfani da ma'aunin tsari na barkono: 40 x 20 cm. Zaka iya amfani da hanyar da ake kira "maciji", wanda ya ji daɗi sosai kwanan nan. Bisa ga wannan hanyar, ana yin shuka iri iri a cikin wannan tsari:
- sayen 2 mm na launi don laminate (sayar a kowane kantin sayar da kayan aiki) da kuma fadada shi a cikin bututu don yin koyi da katantanwa;
- gyaran allon da zaren kuma cika shi da ƙasa;
- ciko da tsaba da jira na farko harbe;
- dashi na sprouts (a mataki na bayyanar 3-4 gaskiya ganye) a cikin peat tukwane.
Ana shuka shuka a wuri mai bude yayin da matasa shuke-shuke sun riga sun sami ganye 10-12 kuma sun isa tsawo na 20-25 cm Hakika, kwanaki 14 kafin zuwan dashi, dole ne matasa suyi taƙama ta wurin saka tukwane a kan baranda ko kuma tuddai ga 15- Minti 20 Lokaci na dasawa an ƙaddara ta yanayin hawan yanayi na wani yanki: Zai fi dacewa don jira yanayin zafi mai zafi a 20-25 ° C (yawancin zafin jiki mai dacewa da barkono), kodayake a aikin yawancin lambu suna shuka seedlings a ƙananan dabi'u.
Bugu da ƙari, barkono a bude ƙasa, za ka iya dasa iri ɗaya: tumatir, tangerines, zucchini, Dill, da eggplant.
Kafin motsi tsire-tsire zuwa sabon wuri na ci gaba (dole ne a cikin wuri mai daɗaɗɗɗa tare da ƙasa mai tsanani), zuwa kasan ramuka da aka shirya a baya ko gadaje buƙatar saka taki da kuma lokacin da dasa shuki a kai tsaye, yana da kyau don tayar da tsire-tsire zuwa saman kai, wanda zai ba ka izinin kirkirar daji mai kyau mai kyau.
Game da riguna, tun lokacin kaka, an kawo naman alade a cikin ƙasa, kuma kafin dasa shuki da kyau sun hadu da ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta wanda aka haxa da peat. Don karin taki (bayan dasa shuki), za'a iya amfani da potassium nitrate a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, ko kuma gauraye masu mahimmanci inda nitrogen, phosphorus, sukis potassium da superphosphate sun kasance.
Ana gudanar da ruwa a lokacin rani kowace rana, don haka ƙasa ba ta bushe ba.
Kula
Bayan shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane ko dasa shuki seedlings a wuri mai bude, mataki na aiki da kulawa na farko zai fara, saboda kawai to, za ku iya samun lafiya da barkono mai karfi.
A gida
Lokacin da kake girma iri-iri iri-iri na "Spark" a kan windowsill, wadannan matakan suna fitowa daga manyan ayyuka:
- Tsayayye da cikakke watering, tare da mayar da hankali kan kakar. A watan farko bayan dasa, shuke-shuke suna buƙatar adadi mai yawa na ruwa mai amfani don haka ƙasa a cikin tukwane yana da kyau a kullum. Duk da haka, gwada kada ku zuba barkono ɗinku, domin waterlogging ya haifar da kyakkyawan yanayin don ci gaba irin wannan rashin lafiya, kamar "baki kafa".
- Samar da yanayin zafin jiki mai dadi lokacin da girma a kan windowsill: optimally - game da 20 ° C, kuma a lõkacin da sanyaya a waje shi ne kyawawa don cire tukwane da tsire-tsire daga windows bude ("Spark" ƙauna tolerates zane).
- Sake shuka sau ɗaya a shekara (wani lokaci ma sau biyu) ta yin amfani da tukunya mai girma da kuma saɓin ƙasa.
- Ciyar da barkono tare da takin mai magani na ma'adinai, tare da mita 1 kowace kwanaki 14, har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin rani (ta amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, a cikin adadin da aka nuna akan marufi).
- Shayar daji a hankali don kauce wa rashin tsinkayen tsire-tsire (za ku iya girgiza tukunya kawai).
- Tsarin gine-gine na zamani a lokacin hunturu ta yin amfani da fitilu na lantarki (yawan kwanan rana ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da sa'o'i 12).
Yana da muhimmanci! Bugu da ƙari da hasken haske da kuma isasshen zafi, barkono ya kamata a haskaka shi ta hasken rana, kuma ya kamata ya zama uniform, fadowa a duk bangarorin daji (a kalla sau ɗaya a rana sai a juya cikin tukunya 180 °).
A cikin ƙasa mai bude
Lokacin da girma barkono "Wuta" a cikin ƙasa ƙasa, duk ayyukan kula suna kusan kusan wannan, sai dai idan tsire-tsire ba zai buƙatar ƙarin haske da kuma kiyaye yawan zafin jiki. A lokacin zafi, kulawa ta musamman ya kamata a biya shi zuwa ban ruwa, ta yin amfani da ruwa mai tsabta, ta kare rana. Babu yadda ya kamata kasar gona a cikin gadaje tare da barkono ya bushe, don haka watering ana gudanar sau biyu a rana a lokacin rani.
Don ƙaddamar da ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace da kuma rigakafin cututtukan da yawa, "Spark" ya kamata ya sami adadin kayan abinci tare da kari, musamman ma wadanda suke dauke da nitrogen. 50 g na potassium nitrate, narkar da 10 na ruwa, zai taimaka wajen jimre wannan aikin, koda kuwa gauraye masu shirye-shirye da suka haɗa da nitrogen, phosphorus, sukis potassium da superphosphate ba zasu zama da amfani ba.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙanshen zafin wuta na barkono mai zafi shi ne saboda alkawarin alkaloid, wanda adadin shi a cikin 'ya'yan itace mai' ya'yan itace kusan 2%.
Bayan girbi, jingin tsire-tsire ba dole ba ne. Kamar sauran nau'o'in, "Spark" wani tsire-tsire ne, wanda ke nufin cewa a cikin kaka za'a iya yanke shi kuma a dasa shi cikin babban tukunya don ajiya a ko'ina cikin hunturu. Don yin wannan, ana yanka dukan barkono a mataki na 10-15 cm sama da kasa kuma an canja shi zuwa akwati tare da ƙasa mai tsabta. Tare da isowa na bazara, injin zai dawo da sauri, yayi sabon ganye kuma zai bada 'ya'ya a baya fiye da samfurori da aka shuka ta hanyar shuka.
Amfana da cutar
Kamar sauran tsire-tsire, iri-iri na "Spark" yana da nasarorin da kuma rashin amfani da namo. Ayyukan ci gaba sun hada da wadannan:
- Kasancewa a cikin abun da ke ciki da yawan kwayoyin bitamin da abubuwa masu alama waɗanda suka inganta aikin jin dadin jikin mutum da na zuciya, da kuma normalizing aikin ƙwayar narkewa.
- Idan aka yi amfani dashi a cikin tsaka-tsaka, an sami sakamako mai kyau a jikin jikin mutane tare da babban abun ciki na cholesterol da sukari (m "Spark" ya rage waɗannan alamun).
- Pepper rage hadarin bunkasa ilimin ilimin halittu da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, kodayake amfani da waɗannan dalilai ba yadu ne ba.
- Dangane da 'ya'yan itace mai girma "Spark" yana dauke da kyakkyawan kayan yaji don nau'in yi jita-jita, babban abu shi ne ya iya dafa shi.
Bugu da ƙari, barkono, oregano (oregano), adadi, caraway, rocambol, guna, sucker, hops, chillice, calendula da buttercups kuma suna da sakamako mai kyau akan yanayin tsarin jijiyoyin jini.
Abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da su a cikin shuka ba za a iya danganta watakila zhguchest wuce kima, wanda ba ya yarda ya yi amfani da irin wannan barkono ga mutanen dake da babban acidity na ciki (ulcers da gastritis na iya ci gaba). Bugu da ƙari, ba lallai ba ne don kiyaye tukwane tare da shuka a wuri mai sauki ga yara, kamar yadda kyawawan halaye na 'ya'yan itace zasu iya sa yara su gwada su, wanda ba za su yi farin ciki ba.
Canji da kuma haifuwa
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, an yi amfani da barkono "Spark" ba sau ɗaya ba sau ɗaya a shekara. Yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da kwakwalwar ƙasa da aka shirya da kyau wanda ya kunshi peat, yashi da humus, ko ƙasar sod da aka hade da kogin yashi. Idan ya cancanta, zaka iya amfani da ƙasa mai tsabta, wanda aka sayar a shagunan shuke-shuken. Hanyar dasawa kanta ba zai dauki lokaci mai yawa ba, saboda samun tsire-tsire daga cikin kayan shafawa ba zai zama da wahala ba, sannan sai kawai a buƙatar saka shi a cikin tukunya mai girma kuma cika shi da sabon cakudaccen na gina jiki.
Game da aiwatar da barkono mai laushi, ana iya yin shi a hanyoyi biyu: iri ko ta hanyar grafting.
Don yaduwa ta iri, bi wadannan matakai:
- Duba kayan dasa shuki don germination, ambaliya tare da ruwa da kuma zubar da hatsi masu tayar da hankali.
- Shirya madauri da kuma zuba shi a cikin tukunya a saman shinge mai tsabta (tubalin fashe ya dace da lalatawa, kuma don ƙirƙirar ruwa mai dacewa, yana da kyau a dauki bangare na yashi da humus hade da sassa biyu na gona mai laushi).
- Shuka tsaba (guda 4-5 a kan tukunya na tsakiya) ta hanyar zurfafawa cikin matashi ta hanyar 0.6 cm ko kuma ta watsar da shi a kan ƙasa.
- Yayyafa tsaba da ƙasa kuma ku zuba daga cikin sprayer domin kada ku wanke tsaba.
Yana da muhimmanci! A sakamakon kyakkyawar sakamako, kimanin makonni biyu bayan karancin harbe, ana bada shawara don ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da takin gargajiya (tsaka-tsakin mullein ko damba). .
Sake bugun ta hanyar yankan shi ne hanya mai cin ganyayyaki don kara yawan tsire-tsire, tare da adana halaye masu bambancin su (kamar yadda ya saba da hanyar iri). Ana yin hanya ta yankan rassan daga cikin mahaifa da kuma motsa shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mai haske, bayan haka aka shayar da cuttings kuma an rufe ta da kunshin. A cikin mako guda, dukkanin rabuɗɗun sassa zasu gina tsarin tushen su.
Kwayoyin ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka lura da su a baya fiye da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ta hanya iri (bayan kimanin watanni 1.5).
Cuttings kuma iya ninka gooseberries, laurel, buckthorn teku, plum, inabi, cotoneaster, chokeberry, snowberry, honeysuckle capricoleum.
Cututtuka da kwari
Yawancin lokaci, nau'in barkono "Spark" yana fuskantar hare-hare ta aphids ko gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wanda ke motsawa daga wasu tsire-tsire yayin da ke kan hanya. Da zarar ka lura baƙi baƙi, ya kamata ka dauki matakan da suka dace don kawar da su.
Mafi sauki bayani shi ne saya shirye-sanya kwaro kula da kayayyakin. (wanda aka saki daidai da umarnin kan kunshin), amma idan ba ka so ka yi amfani da ilmin sunadarai, zaɓi daidai kawai zai kasance don amfani da girke-girke na gari. Alal misali, za ka iya nada wasu peppercorns a cikin wani mai sika da kuma hada su tare da ruwa, nacewa har tsawon awa 24. Bayan wannan lokaci jigon ya kamata a shayar da shi kuma ya fesa bushes sau da yawa, a cikin lokaci biyar. Idan aka ba da wannan adadi ne a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa (ana amfani da wannan abu a cikin kula da kwaro), aphid da mite zasu dawo da sauri bayan an tuntubar shi.
Idan barkono ba ya dafa na dogon lokaci, Wataƙila dalili ya kasance a cikin oversaturation na ƙasa tare da nitrogen, da gabatarwar wanda, ba shakka, ya kamata a rage. Lokacin da kayan shafawa, ya kamata ka kula da hasken barkono, kuma idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da maɓallin haske na wucin gadi (domin na cikin gida).
Gaba ɗaya, babu matsaloli masu tsanani a lokacin namo na barkono "Fuskita" ya kamata ya tashi. Всё, что от вас требуется - неуклонно соблюдать правила его посадки и дальнейшего ухода. После чего растение непременно порадует вас богатым урожаем жгучей пряности.
