Daga cikin itatuwan apple iri-iri iri iri, tsire-tsire na "Gala" yana fitowa don dacewa. Babban shahararren da sanarwa na '' kasuwanci 'iri-iri da aka samu a Turai, Amurka, Canada da Brazil. Irin wannan fitarwa na dabi'un ya jagoranci bishiyoyin apple na "Gala" iri-iri da za a yi amfani da su a masana'antu.
Tarihin ƙira
New Zealand Breeder J.H. Kidd, ta hanyar tsallaka itacen apple Apple Golden Delicious da Orange Kidd Orange, a 1957 ya sami sabon irin apple wanda ake kira Gala, wanda ke nufin "mai tsarki ".
Shin kuna sani? A jihohi na Amurka - Washington, West Virginia da Rhode Island - an san apple a matsayin 'ya'yan itace na jihar, kuma tun daga shekaru 30 na karni na karshe, an kira shi New York ("Big Apple").
Bada la'akari da irin yadda ba'a iya yin amfani da 'ya'yan itace ba, wato J.H. Kidd ne aka dauka domin kiwon waddan iri iri iri tare da mafi m bayanai. Tare da zumuntar da suka zo, yawancin suna kara karuwa. Tare da kyakkyawan halaye da kuma halayen dandano, za'a fara amfani da iri-iri a cikin kayan aikin masana'antu na New Zealand da Turai tun 1965. 
Zoned a tsakiyar ɓangare na Ukraine da yankuna kudancin Rasha tun 1993, amma a kan manyan ƙananan plantings ba a yi amfani da yet. A shekara ta 2016, alama ta haifar da sanannun 'yanci mafi girma a duniya' Gala '.
Bayanin itace
Apple iri "Gala" shi ne halayyar irin wannan bayanin.
- Tree: matsakaici tsawo, ba fiye da mita 3.5 a tsawo ba.
- Tushen tushen: karfi ci gaba, nau'in fibrous.
- Krone: sparse, yada, taso keya da kuma elongated siffar.
- Rassan da aka kafa: ƙarfin matsakaici da kuma shugabancin ci gaba.
- Flowering: karshen watan Mayu da farkon Yuni.
- Tsarin: matsakaici, zane-zane, fari.
- Bar: elongated tare da furtaccen bayani a ƙarshen, duhu mai duhu, ƙananan ƙananan ɓangaren ƙira.
Shin kuna sani? Domin a gwada dukkanin nau'in 'ya'yan itace, zai dauki fiye da shekaru 20 na rayuwa, dangane da amfani da apples na iri ɗaya a kowace rana.
Hoto Bayanan
'Ya'yan' '' Gala '' '- nau'i masu girma, nau'i-nau'i da nau'i. A saman apple ɗin wani ƙananan ribbing yana halatta. Nauyin nauyin nauyin 115-145 grams, amma a iyakarta zai iya kai 170 grams. Launi yana rawaya tare da ratsan orange-red. A wasu alamu na iri iri na "Gala", ja jawa zai iya rufe murfin apple. Fata na 'ya'yan itace ne mai zurfi, mai zurfi, amma yana da ƙarfi. Naman jiki ne mai haske, tare da tinge mai launin rawaya, m, tare da tsarin ma'auni. A dandano apples ne moderately mai dadi tare da pronounced sourness. A ƙanshi affle - m anise tare da caramel da nutty bayanin kula. 
Bukatun Lighting
Ya danganta da inda albasa Gala ke girma a kan mãkirci, 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya bambanta da girman da launi. Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke bunkasa girma da ci gaba ana daukar su hasken hasken rana, ko "insolation". Don yanayin girma da kyau da kuma samar da yalwar iri a ko'ina cikin kambi, itace yana buƙatar adadin haske, don haka yana da muhimmanci a kwashe a cikin yankunan da aka hasken rana.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rashin haske zai rage yawan alamun shafi na 'ya'yan itace, saboda haka, za su rage yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma su kara da dandalin apples.
"Gala" ya dace da inuwa, amma wannan zai iya rinjayar yawancin itacen.
Bukatun shara
Don ci gaba mai kyau, "Gala" na bukatar ƙasa mai kyau (chernozem, loam, yashi loam). Zai fi dacewa don dasa bishiyoyi bishiyoyi a busassun wuraren da balaga ba tare da ruwa mai zurfi ba. Wannan iri-iri yana son busassun ƙasa ba tare da dashi ba.
Tare da watering kasar gona kada ta kasance mai himma. Matasan bishiyoyi suna buƙatar lokaci guda matsakaicin watering a mako guda, kuma masu girma idan an buƙata. A high zafi, sauyin yanayi ƙarin watering ba a buƙata. 
Hada lafiyar da ci gaba da manyan bishiyoyi agrotechnical hanyoyi na tillage:
- tazarar lokaci da kuma tazarar shekara-shekara. Irin wannan magani zai shawo kan ruwa da kuma yanayin zafi na "yanayi" na kasar gona;
- Fingi, samar da lokaci tare da digging, zai ƙara kayan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye matsakaicin aikace-aikacen taki, kuma ya fi dacewa da ciyar da lokaci tsakanin kakar (shekara). A matsayin kayan hawan kai yana da muhimmanci don amfani da takin mai magani (na halitta). Don waɗannan dalilai, cakuda takin gargajiya da taki ko ash tare da lemun tsami ya dace. Har ila yau, a cikin ƙasa za'a iya amfani dasu da kuma ma'adinai na ma'adinai a ƙananan ƙananan, kallon gyare-gyare;
- Ƙasa ƙasa tare da sawdust ko bambaro zai haifar da yanayin yanayin zafi mai kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yin kirkiro da kuma ciyawa da aka samar a cikin hadaddun, zai kara yawan haɓaka don ciyarwa da kuma ƙara yawan ƙarfin itacen.
Ruwan jini
Itacen itacen apple "Gala" baya amfani da iri iri iri na buƙatar unguwannin da pollinators. Madaba ga yawan amfanin ƙasa da iri iri "Idared", "James Griv", "Golden Delicious", "Melrose" da "Elstar".
Fruiting
Harshen 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙananan bishiya ya zo ne kawai don shekaru 3-7 kuma ya dogara da satar (dasa a kan wani shuka). Tare da dasa a kan dwarf shuka, farkon fruiting iya fara riga a cikin 3rd shekara, da kuma dasa a kan wani girma girma shuka zai haifar da fruiting kawai ta 7th shekara. Fruiting in "Gala" mixed mixed, wannan na nufin cewa 'ya'yan itace ovaries za a iya kafa biyu a kan mafi girma daga cikin' ya'yan itace rassan, da kuma a kan 'ya'yan itace twigs (shekara-shekara increments) da kuma ringworms (short amfanin shekara-shekara). 
Gestation lokacin
Yawan 'ya'yan itace zai fara a karshen watan Satumba kuma ya kasance har zuwa farkon sanyi (marigayi Nuwamba). A daidai wannan lokacin, balaga ta rugujewa ta ƙare a ƙarshen Satumba, kuma daga ƙarshen watan Nuwamba matasan baza su zo.
A lokacin kaka, 'ya'yan itatuwan apple irin su Red Chif, Bashkir Beauty, Pepin Saffron, Semerenko, Uralets, Shtreyfling, Solnyshko, Zhigulevskoe sun fara.
Yawo
Girbin shekara-shekara na itacen girma yana iya kaiwa zuwa kashi 50-70. A kan kananan bishiyoyi, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi tsayi, amma shekara-shekara. Yawan iri-iri yana yiwuwa ga nutsewa da haɓakar amfanin gona. Wannan hali na iri-iri zai iya haifar da dan lokaci na 'ya'yan itace ko mummunan tasiri akan ingancin' ya'yan itace, wato, girman.
Don kauce wa ƙwaƙwalwa kuma ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itace a lokacin flowering flowering, dole ne a fitar da furen furen. Idan wannan lokacin bai rasa ba, to lallai ya halatta ya fitar da 'ya'yan itace da aka riga aka kafa, cire' ya'yan itace a cikin kowace cuta. Tare da "tsufa" da kuma raguwa daga cikin itacen ya karu da hankali.
Shin kuna sani? Itacen apple mafi girma a duniya yana girma a Manhattan (New York). An dasa shi ne a 1947 kuma har yanzu yana da 'ya'ya.
Transportability da ajiya
Tsaro a lokacin sufuri yana kiyasta matsakaici, amma, a gaba ɗaya, apples suna riƙe da gabatarwar a lokacin hawa a cikin nesa. Rayuwar alkama mai dadi yana da tsawo kuma zai iya isa rabin shekara. Dole ne a adana amfanin gona a wuri mai sanyi da duhu (cellar ko cellar).
Yana da muhimmanci! Don ƙara yawan rayuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa da lalacewa, alamun rashin lafiya ko kwari dole ne a raba su daga babban amfanin gona.
Cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta
Itacen bishiya yana son busassun kasa da matsakaici na watering, saboda haka, yana da matukar damuwa ga cututtuka na fungal da ke tasowa a kan ƙarshen babban zafi: scab, powdery mildew (oidium), da kuma rot.
Amma, kamar kowane itacen 'ya'yan itace, Gala zai iya mamakin. irin wannan cututtuka:
- baƙar fata na ciwon daji - cututtuka na funga da ke shafar haushi, rassan, ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. An bayyana shi ta hanyar ciwo ta bakin ciki da launin ruwan kasa a kan akwati. Yarda da naman gwari ta hanyar lalacewa akan itacen;
- Maganin ciwon daji shine cututtukan cututtukan da kwayoyin cutar ke haifarwa. Sakamakon waje zai iya zama ƙaruwa mai yawa, ƙyamar itace da tsayawa a ci gaba. Bacteria shiga cikin lalacewar asalinsu.
Mafi mawuyacin kwari na "Gala" iri-iri, suna kaiwa ga rage yawan amfanin ƙasa:
- Codling asu - ƙwaƙwalwar jini, kuma daga bisani wani malam buɗe ido bugawa 'ya'yan itace. A sakamakon wannan muhimmin aiki, apples fall prematurely;
- Cikakken Apple-flowering beetle ne kwari wanda larvae ke ciyarwa a kan inflorescences na flower buds. A sakamakon haka, yawan girbi yana ragewa ko rashi gaba daya;
- ƙwarƙwarar ita ce kwari wanda yatsunsa ke cin abinci akan bishiyoyi, buds, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. A sakamakon aikin da suke da muhimmanci, ganye suna da nakasa, kuma yawan amfanin gona ya rage.
A farkon bayyanar da kasancewar kwari, dole ne a kula da itace tare da kwari bisa ga tsarin da aka nuna akan marufi ko akwati tare da shiri (Balazo, Kazumin, Agrostak-Bio, Kalipso, Decis Profi, Fitoverm).
Yana da muhimmanci! Domin kada ya cutar da apple ba zai iya wuce ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden ba, kuma rage lokacin aiki.
Don rigakafin cututtuka ko kwari a farkon lokacin bazara, ana amfani da fararen katako daga cikin akwati (a cikin ƙananan ƙananan bishiyoyi, ƙananan rassan ya kamata ya zama fari). Irin wannan taron zai haifar da kariya mai karewa kuma ya hana abin da ya faru da kwari da pathogens. Kula da kambi tare da masu fuka-fuka, alal misali, kashi 3% na ruwa Bordeaux, za su yi tasiri sosai. Wajibi ne don yin spraying a farkon spring a gaba kafin blooming na kodan. Bayan zubar da furanni, za a iya maimaita magungunan itace tare da fungicide (Bordeaux liquid, jan karfe oxychloride).
Winteriness hardiness
Halin ikon itacen apple na Gala don jure wa sauyawa a yanayin zafi da sauran yanayin damun lokacin hunturu an kiyasta azaman matsakaita. Da iri-iri yana da tsayayya sosai ga raguwa kuma yana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi zuwa -25 ° C. "Gala" shine marigayi iri-iri iri iri da yake adana shi a lokacin bazara "dawo" sanyi. Tare da kulawa da kyau (digging, ciyar, mulching), hardiness na itace yana ƙaruwa.
Shin kuna sani? Masu aikin gina jiki sun ce wani abinci mai cinyewa yana da tasiri mai karfi akan jiki, daidai da kofin kofi.
Amfani da 'ya'yan itace
Zaɓuɓɓukan don amfani da 'ya'yan itace maras iyaka. Dangane da ƙananan kalori abun ciki da babban abun ciki na bitamin da ma'adanai apples "Gala" ana amfani dashi:
- a cikin dafa abinci - a matsayin rabaccen kayan aiki ko kayan aiki don shirya naman alade, marinades, salads, desserts, sha, da kuma adanawa don shirye-shirye na jams, tsare, compotes. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itace a cikin raw, ana bi da su da kuma siffofi na musamman;
- a cikin kwakwalwa - a matsayin babban bangaren tare da tasiri mai yawa a shampoos, balms, fuska / gashi, creams da lotions, toothpastes, da dai sauransu;
- a cikin dabba-dabba da zane-zane - kamar yadda ake ciyar da abinci ga dabbobi.
Amfanin amfani da apples a cikin wadannan yankunan yana da amfani sosai.Koyi yadda ake yin ruwan inabi da cider a gida.
Rahotanni bisa ga iri-iri "Gala"
Ganin yadda bayyanar "Gala" ba ta da haske sosai, mai iya jawo hankalin mai siyarwa, masu shayarwa sun yanke shawarar gyara "kuskure" kuma sun fitar da sababbin biyan nau'o'in iri-iri tare da launi mai mahimmanci na 'ya'yan itace. Akwai fiye da 20 irin wadannan biyan kuɗi.A cikin su, mafi mahimmanci a cikin bayanin irin bishiyoyin su ne iri: "Gala Mast", "Royal Gala", "Mondial Gala".
"Gala Mast" (ko Regal Sarauniya) da N Fulvord ta kaddamar da ita a Hastings (New Zealand). Wannan shi ne mafi yawan shahararrun kuma yawancin tallafi masu yawa, tare da samun launi mai haske. Kyakkyawar ja jawo ta apple yana dauke da dukkanin 'ya'yan itace. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Apples samo halayen halayen kawai ne bayan karshen watan Agusta.
80% na 'ya'yan itatuwa a cikin taro sun kai 170 grams, kuma a diamita - 70 mm. Wannan ita ce mafi kyawun iri-iri don amfani da masana'antu.
"Glo Gala Gala" (ko kuma "Gidan Tebur") - wanda aka kaddamar a shekarar 1978 by D. Mitchell. Rahotanni tare da mafi yawan launi, bayan karshen watan Agusta, apples zama carmine a launi ko rufe tare da raƙuman ratsan launin ruwan kasa. Wani ɓangaren na biyan kuɗi shine 'ya'yan itãcen elongated. 
"Royal Gala" (ko "Tenra") - wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1973 by T. Howe a Matamata (New Zealand). Ƙididdigar suna kama da "Gala", amma yana da launi mai zurfi da haske. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar nau'i-nau'i-nau'i. Akanin '' Royal Gala '' wanda ya dasa shuke-shuke a Turai da Amurka. 
Ƙarfi da raunana
Abũbuwan amfãni daga "Gala":
- kulawa mara kyau;
- farkon farawa;
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- dandano mai kyau;
- kananan girma;
- rayuwa mai tsawo;
- Yin amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa.
Shin kuna sani? Itacen bishiya a zamanin d ¯ a Girka an dauke shi bishiya mai tsarki na Apollo, kuma ana kiran apple a bayansa - a Turanci "apple".
Duk da yawan yabo, iri-iri yana da wasu disadvantages.
- low winter hardiness;
- kulawa ta ovary;
- ƙananan 'ya'yan itace;
- launi mai laushi na 'ya'yan itace;
- mai yiwuwa ga wasu cututtuka da kwari.
Bambanci "Gala" ya dace da girma a yanayin yanayin zafi tare da dumi mai dumi. Yana da kyau sosai a kulawa, amma yana buƙatar bin gaskiyar fasahar aikin gona. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, iri-iri na kula da yawan amfanin ƙasa. "Gala" yana da matukar damuwa ga cututtuka masu yawa, amma yana da alaka da kai hari kan wasu nau'i na kwari.
