Yana da daɗi don sake haɗuwa da rasberi tare da sabon iri da kuma hybrids. Da kanka bincika su don yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin yanayin yankin su, bar mafi kyawu, rabu da kullun mara lafiya da rauni. Amma a cikin tarin kayan lambu ya kamata koyaushe ya zama akwai nau'ikan asali waɗanda ba za su kasa ba. A duk yanayin yanayi kuma tare da ƙaramin kulawa kowace shekara za su ba da 'ya'yan itace masu laushi masu lafiya. Balm ɗin da aka bincika lokaci-lokaci nasa ne ga irin waɗannan sifofin. Shekaru da yawa yanzu yana fafatawa tare da iri da kuma nau'ikan zaɓi na Turai.
Tarihin Rasberi Balm
Marubucin Rasberi Balsam shine Ivan V. Kazakov. Wannan sanannen masanin kimiyya ne, mai girbi ɗan itace, ɗan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona, masanin ilimin RAAS. Tun daga 1963, koyarwar da ayyukan bincike na shahararren mai shayarwa suna da alaƙa da Kokinsky mai ƙarfi na Kwalejin Noma na Rashanci da ruita Fan Shuka a cikin Yankin Bryansk. A can ne Kazakov da tawagarsa suka kirkiro sabbin nau'ikan raspberries, wanda, a hanyar, ya zama tushen tsarin ƙungiyar Turai ta Federationasashen Rasha. Daga cikinsu akwai na farko a kasar da ta dace da injin daukakaran berries. Balm yana cikin wannan rukunin.
Bidiyo: I.V. Kazakov ya furta ƙaunarsa ga wata mace mai ban sha'awa - raspberries
Ta hanyar asalinsa, Balm wani tsari ne, tunda ana samun shi sakamakon pollination iri biyu daban-daban: Bulgarian Rubin da Newburgh. Sabuwar rasberi ya shiga cikin gwajin iri daban-daban na jihar a 1982 kuma bayan shekaru 11 kawai ya shiga cikin Rajistar Yananan Ayyuka na Kasa. Kusan baki dayan Rasha, in banda Urals, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewa, suka zama yanki na juriya, watau yankin da Balsam yake da ikon nuna mafi kyawun bangarensa.
Balm wani irin dabino ne, wanda ake samun shi akai akai
A cikin lambunan mai son, Balm an girma fiye da shekaru 30. Saboda babban halayen kasuwanci, ana sayar da itacen tama a kasuwa. Wannan rasberi na duniya ne a cikin manufarta. Yana da dandano iri ɗaya na rasberi tare da ƙanshin daji mai ƙanshi.
Bayanin Balm Hybrid
Ta hanyar bayyanar daji, Balm shine rasberi na talakawa wanda ke jefa manyan harbe (180 cm). Yada daji. Yawan girma na matsakaicin girma shine harbe 20 a kowace mita mai layi. A ganye ne babba, wrinkled, m kore, matte, wuta a baya, pubescent, a tsakiyar jijiya akwai wuya m taushi spines. Shekaru biyu masu shekaru na inuwa mai launin ruwan hoda, mai matsakaici-farashi, shekara-shekara - kore, tare da faty mai rufi.
Rasberi bushes yadawa balm, tsayi harbe, jingina ga ƙasa
Rasberi Balm shine tsakiyar kakar, girbi yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuni - Yuli, gwargwadon yankin. Arean itacen berries babba ne, sun haɗu tare, shine, dole ne a sarrafa su da sauri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin siffar suna kama da babban mazugi tare da saman zagaye. Kowane nauyi ya kai 3 g. Yawan amfanin ƙasa ya wuce matsakaici don wannan amfanin gona: 2.2 kilogiram a kowane daji, tare da namo masana'antu - 6-8 t / ha. Drupe an haɗa shi da ƙarfi, berries suna da yawa, kar a crumble yayin tarin, ana samun sauƙin rabuwa da tushe.
Cikakke Balsam Berries Turn Ruby
Balm yana da dandano na asali: mai daɗi tare da sourness, ƙanshi na rasberi yana nan. Wannan rasberi da alama talakawa ne, mai daɗi ga waɗansu, wasu, akasin haka, suna jin "sokin sourness". Yawanci ya dogara da tsarin ƙasa, sauyin yanayi da ingancin kulawa. Amma akwai kaddarorin da suke da matukar kyau ga kowa a wannan matasan:
- tsayayya da fungal da cututtuka ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri;
- dan kadan shafawa daga m gizo-gizo;
- sanyi-resistant, harbe ba su vыpryvaet;
- amintacce ne kuma tabbatacce, ana ba ku tabbacin kasancewa tare da raspberries kowace shekara.
Bidiyo: Babbar Jagorar Rasberi
Fasali
Idan kana son tara berries da mai daɗi, to sai a zaɓi wuri mai rana a ƙarƙashin rasberi. Kuma wannan ba koyaushe yana ƙarƙashin shinge ba, inda mazauna bazara yawanci suna son dasa bishiyoyi. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, yumɓu, to da farko kun tono duk maɓallin da aka tsara don shuka na Berry, ƙara kayan kwance: peat, takin, ƙurar hay, ganyen bara, ƙaramin twan itace, da dai sauransu etc.asa mai sandy za a iya gyara tare da kayan guda.
Zai fi kyau kada a yi amfani da yashi a matsayin burodi mai yin burodi, tunda ana murƙushe shi, amma duwatsun da ba su yin enno ƙasa a kowace hanya suna ɓarna da lalacewar ƙarfin danshi. Yasashe masu yashi ba sa riƙe da danshi da abubuwan gina jiki a tushen tsire-tsire, wuce da su ta hanyar kansu zuwa ƙananan yadudduka, wanda ke haifar da ganye na chlorosis, ci gaba mara kyau da fruiting gaba ɗaya.
A kan loamy da yashi na loamy kasa, ya isa a shafa takin zamani. Yayyafa a kan 1 m², gwargwadon lokacin shiri na shafin, kafin digging:
- a cikin kaka - 1.5 buckets na humus, 30 g na superphosphate da 20 g na potassium sulfate;
- a cikin bazara - 1.5 buckets na humus, 0.5 l na itace ash.
Lokacin sanya Balm akan gado mai shimfiɗa, yi la'akari da iyawarta don yin girma da tsayi bushes. Nisa a cikin layi tsakanin thean itace akalla 0.7-1.0 m. Barin jerin layi domin ya dace muku kuyi tafiya dasu kuma kuyi berries, amma ba ƙasa da 2. M bushes mai ƙarfi ya kamata a fishi da iska mai kyau.
Wide da yawa - wannan shine kyakkyawan hasken bushes da ta'aziyya yayin kula da kabeji da girbi
Hanyar dasa shuki itace kamar haka:
- a cikin rami da aka haƙa da yankin bisa ga makirci (ƙarancin 0.7x2 m) yin ramuka daidai da girman tushen tushen ƙwayar;
- cika su da ruwa mai tsananin zafi a cikin rana, ku jira har sai an sha;
- sanya seedlings a cikin ramuka, yada tushen kuma rufe tare da duniya;
- ciyayi.
Shuka bishiyoyi iri ɗaya kamar yadda suke girma, ba tare da zurfafa tushen wuya ba.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki raspberries
Shuka Rasberi Balm
A cikin narkar da wannan rasberi babu fasali da matsaloli. Ana buƙatar yin ruwa a yankuna na kudancin sau ɗaya a mako, amma yana da kyau don sa ɗigaɗɗan ruwa. Soilasa ta zama mai laushi zuwa zurfin aƙalla cm 30. A lokacin lokacin narkar da daddawa, shawo kan ruwa. A yankuna tare da ruwan sama na yau da kullun da ruwan sama, ana iya manta wannan bikin gaba ɗaya.
A yankuna masu yuhunan damina, Balm ɗin za'a iya barin ta ba tare da an sha ruwa kwata kwata, kuma a Kudancin zata sami 'yanci daga ban ruwa na ruwa
Don gina sabbin harbe da sanya alamomin amfanin gona, Balsam yana buƙatar kayan miya. Dangane da fasaha mai laushi, ya isa a faɗo ko bazara don ciyawa ƙasa a kusa da bushes tare da humus ko shuka gefen layuka na taki kore, lokaci-lokaci yanka su kuma su bar su juya a wurin. Idan kanaso ka sami amfanin gona mai kyau na manyan berries, to sai a aiwatar da kayan miya uku:
- A cikin bazara, da zaran ƙasa thaws, zuba jiko na mullein ko tsuntsu droppings. Idan babu lokaci da damar da za ku dafa su, kuma ba ku abokin hamayya ne da takin mai ma'adinai ba, to, a ko'ina ku yayyafa 30 g na urea ga kowane muraba'in mita na raspan itacen andan bishiyoyi kuma ku kwance ƙasa. Kuna iya yin wannan ta narke dusar ƙanƙara ko kafin ruwan sama, to, takin zai narke kuma ya tafi cikin tushen ta hanya.
- A lokacin budding da fure, raspberries suna buƙatar potassium, phosphorus da abubuwan ganowa, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, yana shafar dandano na berries. Kuna iya yin ash, kamar lokacin dasawa (0.5 l 1 a kowace m²), sassauta kuma zuba. Haɗin gaurayawar zamani don amfanin gona kuma sun dace sosai: Agricola, Leaf Leaf, Fertika, da dai sauransu Kowane takin yana tare da umarnin, ana iya amfani dashi don tushen da kayan miya.
- A cikin bazara, kafin tsari don hunturu, yayyafa superphosphate (1 tbsp. L / m²) akan raspberries, sassauta da ciyawa tare da humus ko takin.
Bidiyo: dressinganyen riga na rasberi a cikin bazara da aiki na creolin
Zai fi kyau samar da rasberi daga tsire-tsire na Balzam ta hanyar hanyar tef, tare da daji zai zama matsala don rarraba da ƙulla har zuwa harbe 20 da ke girma daga tushe ɗaya. Don namo tef, yanke duk harbe da ke girma zuwa gefe (tsakanin layuka), kuma bar waɗanda ke bayyana tsakanin bushes. A kan mita ɗaya da ke gudana ya kamata ya zama kusan harbe 8, wato, kusan kowane cm 10. Tuni a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku za ku sami bangon rasberi. M bukatar trellis. Ya isa ya fitar da su a farkon kuma a ƙarshen jere na katako na katako ko bututun ƙarfe da shimfiɗa a tsakanin su 2 layuka na waya: na farko a tsayi na 60 cm daga ƙasa, na biyu - 120 cm.
Kintinkiri mai siffa-rasberi yana da sauƙi don ɗaure zuwa trellis
A kan raspberries Balsam, za ku iya yanke biyu bisa ga Sobolev, to yawan amfanin gonar zai ninka ninki biyu. Berries za a daura ba kawai a fi, amma kuma tare da dukan tsawon shoot. Don yin wannan:
- A karshen Mayu, ba daga baya fiye da farkon Yuni, tsunkule fi matasa, har yanzu kore, harbe. Tsayin su bayan pinching ya kamata ya zama aƙalla cm 70-100. Bayan wannan, rassan gefen zasu fara girma.
- A cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba, tsunkule fi na wadannan rassan gefen. Sakamakon haka, harbe-zanen za su yi kama da busassun bishiyoyi. A kowane ɓangaren reshe buds buds zai bayyana, sannan kuma berries.
Idan kuna son yin amfani da wannan hanyar girkin, to sai ku ƙara nisan da ke tsakanin harbe tare da hanyar tef na girma zuwa 20 cm.
Hakanan, kulawar Balsam ya haɗa da cire tsoffin rassan lignified. Karka sanya wannan abin har sai lokacin kaka, lokacin da ganyayyaki suka toka. Bayan duk, tare da su pathogenic fungi da kwari zai auku a cikin ƙasa. Yanke da cire mai tushe wanda ya daskarewa, amma har yanzu yana girma, daga cikin makircin nan da nan bayan girbin, ba ku bar parasites damar canzawa zuwa harbe harbe. Bugu da kari, da daji zai sami karin ikon alamomin shafi da kuma ripen 'ya'yan itacen buds na shekara mai zuwa.
Tsari don hunturu Balm yana da kyawawa, ko da yake a wasu yankuna, alal misali, a cikin kewayen birni, wannan itacen rasberi yana da kyau, ba ya lanƙwasa ƙasa. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi da ke ƙasa 30 andC kuma a ƙasa, harbe suna buƙatar tsinkaye ta yadda a cikin hunturu ana rufe dusar ƙanƙara da gyarawa, alal misali, ta ɗayan juna tare da igiya. Ba lallai ba ne don tanƙwara mai tushe a ƙasa, zaku iya karya su. A cikin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, daidaita raspberries kuma ɗaure su zuwa trellis.
Balm ɗin baya buƙatar suturar abu, ya isa don tanƙwara harbe a ƙasa da dusar ƙanƙara kuma ku ɗaura tare
Girbi da kuma sarrafa berries Balsam
'Ya'yan itace a cikin Balsam suna da yawa da gajeru. Dole ne a tattara berries kuma a sarrafa shi kowace rana. Za'a iya raba tsoffin abubuwa tare da waɗanda suke ƙauna ko a sayar a kasuwa. The berries ne m, ci gaba da siffar da kyau, ya sa a cikin karamin Layer a cikin kwalaye, zai fi dacewa sufuri da gajeren ajiya. Don amfanin mutum, zaka iya: daskarewa; bushe don amfani dashi a cikin hunturu don shirye-shiryen warkar da shayi; ko dafa sanannen ƙwayar rasberi. Amma, ba shakka, kafin wannan, ana bada shawara don samun yalwar sabo, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa da abubuwan bitamin masu mahimmanci ga jikin ɗan adam.
Raspberries sun ƙunshi har zuwa 11% sugars (glucose, fructose, pentose), halayen mai mahimmanci, pectin da abubuwan gina jiki, gamsai; bitamin C, A, B; 1-2% na acid na kwayoyin halitta (malic, citric, tartaric, salicylic, da sauransu), barasa (tartaric, isoamyl), ketones (acetoin, diacetyl, β-ionone), anthocyaninin, catechins (d-catechin, l-epigallocatechin); har zuwa 0.3% na tannins.
//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0#%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0% B8% D1% 87% D0% B5% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D1% 81% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B0% D0% B2
Bidiyo: mafi sauƙi girke-girke na rasberi ba tare da ruwa ba
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Idan baku da damar aiwatar da duk matakan da suka wajaba don kula da manyan nau'ikan itace, to akwai haɗarin an bar shi ba tare da amfanin gona ba shekaru da yawa. Sannan yana da kyau a shuka iri iri marasa ma'ana a kan makircin da suke da girman girman 'ya'yan itace, to tabbas suna da tabbacin cewa zasu kawo amfanin gona a shekara. Wannan ya shafi iri: "Gusar", "Skromnitsa", "Balm", "Malakhovka", "Kirzhach", "Lazarevskaya".
Sineglazka//www.wizardfox.net/forum/threads/malina.29614/page-2
Nau'in nau'in rasberi da na fi so sune 'Meteor', 'Oksana', 'Balm'. Kowace shekara na girbe amfanin gona mai yawa. A cikin bazara, lokacin da na dasa sabon rasberi ras, Ina yin rami na dasa kowace shuka tare da nisa da zurfin aƙalla 30 cm, kuma ƙara taki da ash da can. Tsarin ma'adinai da sauran sunadarai bana amfani dashi.
GalinaNik//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/?do=read&thread=991507&topic_id=19974415
Rashan Balsam yana ba da girbi mai kyau ba tare da buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ba. Za'a iya amfani da mafi sauƙin sanannun ayyukan aikin gona a ciki. An haifar da shi ta hanyar haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa don kayan miya da kuma girki biyu. Berry suna da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano na raspberries, ba su da kyau kuma suna girki.
