Ya zuwa yanzu, yawancin nau'in pears na lokacin balagagge na hunturu tare da ire-iren dandano iri daban-daban sun ɓullo. Daya daga cikin su shine nau'in "Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan", wanda zai iya girma a yanayin sanyi. Duk da haka, don samun girbi mai girbi, dole ne ku bi wasu dokoki don dasa shuki da kuma kula da bishiyoyi.
Tarihin ƙira
Yawan nau'in nau'in pear "Kyrgyz Winter" an ci gaba ne ga yankuna inda yanayin yanayi don girma bishiyoyi suna da tsanani. An samo shi ta hanyar kirkirar Kyrgyz ta hanyar tsallaka iri biyu: "Forest Beauty" da kuma "Winter Bere".
Shin kuna sani? Game da pear aka san shekaru 1000 BC. A Turai, pear ya fara yadawa a cikin karni na XIX, kuma aka kawo Kiev daga Byzantium.
Bayani da siffofi dabam dabam na iri-iri
Lokacin da aka kwatanta nau'in nau'in pear "Tsarin Kyrgyzstan" zamu iya cewa babban amfani shi ne iya girma a yankunan da yanayin yanayi mara kyau kuma a lokaci guda bayar da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wood
Dabbobin bishiyoyi "Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan" suna da siffofi masu zuwa:
- matsakaici-sized tare da pyramidal, ba thickened kambi siffar, a cikin kaka shi sheds foliage;
- Ana sanya shi a kan tsaka-tsakin tsakiya na rootstock kuma yana da tushen tsarin da aka gina wanda zai zurfafa cikin ƙasa;
- ganye suna da siffar daji, dan kadan kuma an nuna su a ƙarshen, a waje da launi akwai kore tare da shest mai haske, a ciki akwai launin toka-kore;
- dangane da yanayin yanayin zafi na shuka, flowering yana faruwa a watan Afrilu ko Mayu. Furen suna fararen fata, masu muni, har zuwa 3 centimeters a diamita, waɗanda aka haɗu a cikin goge daga 3 zuwa 9 sassa;
- kafin 'ya'yan itatuwa sun bayyana, dole ne a rassan rassan su da 60 ° kuma za a gyara su har sai da kansu suna daukar matsayi daidai;
- da iri-iri ne mai kyau, amma don mafi kyau pollination kana buƙatar dasa itatuwa da dama a kusa.
- ba zai daskare lokacin da sanyi ya isa ba;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa a karkashin kyakkyawan yanayin har zuwa shekaru 30, ana sa' ya'yan itatuwa a kolchatkah;
- Bishiyoyi ba su shafi scab, konewa mai zafi da kuma ciwon daji na kwayan cuta;
- girma mafi kyau a cikin temperate latitudes.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Feature:
- manyan 'ya'yan itace, yin la'akari har zuwa 250 grams;
- siffar siffar tsalle-tsalle;
- fata ne haske kore, a lokacin cikakken tsufa, launi ya canza zuwa rawaya mai launin rawaya tare da ja ja a duk 'ya'yan itacen;
- ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai kirim mai tsami-rawaya, mai yawa, granular tare da tart da dandano mai dandano;
- pears ripen a watan Oktoba;
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna jure wa harkokin sufuri kuma ana iya adana su cikin firiji har zuwa tsakiyar bazara.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don samun 'ya'yan itatuwa masu inganci, nau'in nau'in pear hunturu dole ne ripen tsawon kwanaki 90 a zazzabi ba fiye da 10 ° C ba.
Yadda za a zabi seedlings
Ana sayen tsire-tsire iri iri a cikin ɗakunan shayarwa ko shaguna na musamman. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar kulawa:
- bayyanar - tsabta ba tare da wata alamar rashin amfani ba. Tabbatar hašawa lakabin da ke nuna nau'in da bayanin girman yankin;
- tushen tsarin - Dole ne itacen ya kai har zuwa 5 da kuma 3 ƙarin asali tare da tsawon tsawon akalla mita 0.3. Suna kallon haske, ba tare da lalata ba.
Zaɓi wurin da ya dace
Tun lokacin da wadannan nauyin sun kasance cikin nau'o'in kayan lambu na farko, yana da kyau a yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar "lambun gida mai kyau". 
Abubuwan da ake buƙatar wurin da za a karya shine:
- Shafin yana hasken rana sosai - ko da yake pear zai iya girma a cikin inuwa, amma bazaiyi 'ya'ya a can ba;
- shuka mafi kyau a kan tsaunuka da gangarawa, tare da zurfin ƙasa, kamar yadda tushen bishiyar zai iya isa zurfin mita 8;
- shimfidar ƙasa mai haske mai laushi, tare da lokacin farin ciki na loam. Pear ke tsiro da talauci a kan kasa da yashi;
- Dole ne a kare wannan shafin daga iskar iska mai yawa;
- Idan za ta yiwu, zaɓi shafin don saukowa daga shafin daga yamma ko kudu maso yamma.
Shirin shiri
Kafin dasa shuki da pears, wajibi ne don gudanar da aikin shirye-shirye, wanda zai taimaki seedlings su dauki tushen wuri a sabon wuri. 
Sun ƙunshi matakai da dama:
- domin an dasa shuki rami don watan, kuma don bazara - tun lokacin fall. Girmanta ya dogara da shekarun seedling - shekara-shekara yana buƙatar zurfin har zuwa mita 0.5, masu shekaru biyu har zuwa mita 0.7. A diamita na rami ya kamata dadi ga wuri na tushen;
- An kaddamar da katako na katako a tsakiyar, wanda ya kai mita 0.5 a kasa. Zai kasance goyon bayan makomar sapling;
- An tara manomi a ƙasa - ammonium nitrate da superphosphate har zuwa kilo biyu a duka (idan kayan aiki suna cikin granules, kana buƙatar ɗaukar kilogram daya). Muna tuna da kwayoyin halitta - ba fiye da kilo 10 ba. Idan rami an shirya a ƙasa mai yashi, dole ne ka yi rabi-rabi na peat;
- 60% na saman ƙasa ne mai kyau, don haka tushen basu da takin mai magani.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za a yi amfani da takin mai magani fiye da na al'ada ba, a matsayin overdose iya sa tushen konewa da seedling zai mutu.
Umurni na mataki-mataki don dasa shuki seedlings
Zai fi kyau a yi wannan hanya tare - wanda yana riƙe da sapling a tsaye, kuma ɗayan yana yin dukan ayyukan. Hanyar dasa shuki a matsayin pears kamar haka:
- A wani sapling da asali tushen an yanke tare da kaifi pruner da immersed na 'yan mintoci kaɗan a cikin wani ruwa lãka bayani ga mai kyau impregnation;
- A tsakiyar rami, an kafa wani karamin kafa, wanda aka shirya shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen, dole ne daga arewacin goyon bayan da aka yi wa clogged;
- Tushen suna rarraba a cikin rami ba tare da fyade da fractures ba, an tura su zuwa ƙasa;
- A hankali a zuba a cikin yadudduka na tattalin ƙasa, dan kadan tamping shi. A lokaci guda tare da kowanne ƙara an girgiza seedling, rike matsayi na tsaye. Wannan yana ba ka damar cire iska mai iska mai iska. Cibiyar maganin alurar riga kafi ya kamata inimita 4 a ƙasa;
- Ka cika da rami da ruwa don haka gaba ɗaya yana kwashe ƙasa. Lokacin da wannan itace ya sauka a kasa, kuma tushen wuyansa ya kai matakin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne ka'idar ingantaccen shuka;
- Ana yin gyaran fure a wani tsawo har zuwa mita 0.8 don samar da kambi a kan koda da ya tsufa sosai. Idan akwai harbe a wani tsawo har zuwa 50 centimeters, an cire su duka;
- An daura itace da goyon baya, kuma bishiyan itace dole ne a cike shi don adana ruwan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan an yanke asalinsu ba daidai ba kafin dasa shuki, itace zai cutar da dan lokaci mai tsawo kuma ya fara tushe a sabon wuri. A cikin shekaru guda na seedlings, manyan asalinsu suna yanke zuwa kauri na 2 millimeters, biennial zuwa kauri na 4 millimeters. Wannan dabarar ta ba da damar sauke ruwa da kayan abinci.
Yanayin kulawa na yanayi
Duk wanda ya girma Kyrgyzstan Winter Winter pear itatuwa a kan wani mãkirci yana so ya samar da wani arziki girbi. Ayyukan yanayi na wannan ya zama:
- a kula da ƙasa;
- a lokaci-lokaci fertilizing tare da takin mai magani;
- a cikin aikin hana rigakafi;
- a cikin zane na kambi na bishiyoyi;
- shirya su domin hunturu.
Kula kula
Tun da wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in hunturu ne, ba a buƙatar ruwa mai yawa ba, amma fari baya amfana.
Yin watsi da kananan bishiyoyi wajibi ne a kowane kwana 8-10, yana zuba har zuwa lita 15 na ruwa a karkashin tushen. Don tsire-tsire masu girma, ana gudanar da wannan tsari sau ɗaya kowace mako biyu tare da adadin har zuwa lita 30 na ruwa a cikin tushe. Lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka fara suturta, watering yana tsayawa kafin girbi.
Ana gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka da maraice, da rana mai zuwa, don haka ƙasa da ke kewaye da bishiyoyi ba ta kwarara ba, dole ne a sassauta shi. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba kawai bude damar samun oxygen zuwa tushen tsarin, amma kuma ba ka damar cire weeds wanda ya bayyana a cikin kututtukan itace.
Familiarize kanka tare da namo na pear cultivars: Otradnenskaya, Lada, Fairy Tale, Veles, Rogneda, Nika, Talgar Beauty, Duchesha, Petrovskaya, Severyanka, Avgustovskaya dew, Kokin, Bryansk Beauty, Thumbelina, Hera, Klapp's Favorite, Marble, Mai tausayi.
Don hana yadu daga fitardawa daga ƙasa, ana amfani da mulching ƙasa don riƙe shi. Kamar yadda ciyawa, zaka iya yin amfani da duk wani abu, irin su peat ko sawdust, saka shi a cikin wani Layer har zuwa 10 centimeters.
Top dressing
Don ci gaba mai kyau da itacen itace suna bukatar taki. 
Idan ganye ya fara juya launin rawaya, 'ya'yan itacen ya fara fada, kuma pear ya daina ci gaba - yana da rashin nitrogen. Yawan 'ya'yan itace ba shi da kyau, sa'an nan kuma, bi da bi, babu pears - itacen yana kasawa a phosphorus. Rashin girma na shekara-shekara mara kyau - potassium yana da alhakin wannan.
Yana da muhimmanci! Young itatuwa suna ciyar da kawai tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani, da kuma kawai dasa seedlings na shekaru biyu ba sa bukatar wani ƙarin ciyar.Da takin mai magani yana bukatar:
- A farkon spring, a m urea dole ne a bi da tare da urea bayani. Idan saboda wasu dalili ba a yi wannan ba, dole ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani nitrogen zuwa ƙasa. Zaka iya amfani da bayani na urea (da lita 10 na ruwa, 600 grams na abu), gishiri (30 grams da 1 square mita) ko bayani na taki kaza (1:20);
- bayan flowering a watan Mayu an gabatar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10 centimeters. Zaku iya maye gurbin bayani na nitroammofoski a cikin wani rabo na 1: 200 - 30 lita ƙarƙashin itacen. Irin wannan ciyarwa zai gaggauta girma kakar kuma inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zuwa.
- a karshen watan Yuni, magani na foliar tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen ya zama dole;
- a watan Yuli, wani irin wannan magani, kuma bayan kwanaki 15 don bishiyoyi, phosphorus-potassium additives an binne a cikin ƙasa a kusa da ganga;
- har zuwa rabi na biyu na watan Satumba, zaka iya fesa wani bayani na urea (kamar yadda a cikin bazara a jikin bishiya). A cikin fall, kawai takin mai magani ma'adinai suna amfani da ƙasa. Misali na bayani shine tablespoon na potassium chloride da biyu spoons na superphosphate da guga na ruwa. Matasan shuke-shuke suna cinye itace don digging a cikin nauyin 130 grams da mita mita.
Ruwan ƙwaƙwalwa
A farkon lokacin bazara, an haɗa shi da cututtuka daga cututtuka da tada kwari tare da ciyarwa na farko, wanda aka yi a kan bishiya. Idan kodan sun kumbura, carbamide zai iya ƙone su, kuma zasu mutu - yana da kyau a yi amfani da nazarin halittu masu shirye-shirye kamar Fitoverma, Akarina da sauransu. Don ƙara ƙarfin jigon itace zuwa abubuwa masu banƙyama, ana samun kyakkyawar sakamako ta hanyar rubutun da ruwa "Zircon" ko "Ecoberin".
A cikin fall, itatuwa suna bukatar kare su daga larvae na beetles, wanda boye daga sanyi a cikin fasa a cikin kuka da kuma ƙasa a ƙasa. Tsire-tsire da ƙasa a kusa da tsintsiya suna fesa da wani bayani na "Nitrofen" ko kashi daya cikin kashi Bordeaux cakuda. A cikin bazara da kaka, daidaitattun launi na bishiyoyi tare da lemun tsami ya zama dole.
Ƙwarewa da kafa kambi
Don girbi kambi a cikin siffar wani dala an dauke shi mafi dacewa. Wannan tsari dole ne a kafa, farawa daga shekara ta biyu na rayuwar mai rai. 
Ana aiwatar da wadannan hanyoyin kamar haka:
- bayan dasa shuki da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun rassan, za a cire sauran. Ana sare babban jagorar zuwa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na tsawon kuma tsabtace matakai na kasa da kasa na farko na rassan;
- a cikin shekara ta biyu a cikin bazara, an yanke katako da santimita 20, kuma rassan skeletal an yanke ta ba ta da biyar centimeters ba kuma sun shimfiɗa su da igiya, don haka kusurwar hawan 60 °. Ya kamata a yi furanni guda biyu a kan manyan rassan;
- Kowane spring, sanitary pruning na rassan ne da za'ayi, cire rassan rassan girma tsaye a cikin kambi, intersecting da fashe. An ci gaba da ci gaba na shekarar bara zuwa 1/3 na tsawon;
- a cikin fall, sun kuma yanke bushe, karya da ciwon rassan. Ana biyan sassan manyan sashe tare da filin farar ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin da pruning bishiyoyi itatuwa bukatar amfani da tsani, saboda rassan tsire-tsire suna da m kuma sauri karya.
Kariya akan sanyi da rodents
Tun da wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in pear sanyi ne, bishiyoyi basu buƙatar tsari na hunturu, amma haushi bishiyoyi shine abinci ga rodents da hares. Sabili da haka, don adana shi, dole ne a ɗaure akwati zuwa tsawo na har zuwa mita 1 tare da mai tsada ko zane, a baya an haɗe shi tare da tsantsa. 
Dole ne matasan sa dole su kafa farar rassan da kuma matsawa da kullun, zai zama abin kariya mai karewa ba kawai daga dabba ba, amma kuma daga sanyi. Dole ne a rufe kofar dabbar da ta dace a cikin akwati a cikin ɗigon katako a 15 cm. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara, kuna buƙatar zana shi a kusa da kututture don samar da dusar ƙanƙara.
Shin kuna sani? Abun warkaswa na pears an san shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata kuma yanzu an yi amfani da su a maganin gargajiya don rage yawan zafin jiki, tare da ciwo mai zafi, a matsayin diuretic.
Sanin irin wannan pears kamar "Kyrgyz Winter", za ka iya amince da wannan nau'in a kan shafin ka. Bishiyoyi bazai haifar da damuwa ba a kulawa na yanayi. Idan ka yi taki a kan lokaci, ruwa, gudanar da magani mai kwari daga kwari, an sami babban amfanin gona. Tun lokacin da aka kiyaye garkuwan da ke da kyau, za ku sami 'ya'yan itace masu kyau a kan tebur har tsakiyar tsakiyar bazara.
