Elm, ko elm - babban itace mai laushi da babban kambi mai haske, Yana da kyau, yana da inuwa mai kyau kuma yana da sauƙi, saboda haka yana da mai aiki a cikin shimfidar wuri na birane da ƙauyuka. Ana iya samuwa a titunan tituna, a wuraren shakatawa, da hanyoyi da kuma gandun daji. Sunan "elm" ya samo daga tsohon Celts, wanda ya kira wannan itace "elm". Harshen Rasha "Elm" ya fito ne daga kalman "saƙa", kamar yadda a baya an yi amfani da katako don sutura sleds, rims da sauran kayan. Wasu daga cikin jinsin suna kira elm, birch haushi, elm, ilmovik.
Ragweed
Wannan nau'i na elm (a cikin hoto da ganye) yana samuwa a Turai, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Afrika a Caucasus. Itacen bishiya wanda likes wurare masu kyau, ko da yake girma a cikin inuwa. Matsakaicin tsawo shine 20-25 m, kuma diamita na kambi shine 10 m.
Elms girma cikin sauri da kuma jure wa pruning da kyau. A wannan, ana iya amfani dasu azaman shinge. Har ila yau, itacen yana da kyau a kan kyakkyawar lawn, ko a hade tare da itatuwan apple, ya ji cherries, tsuntsu tsuntsaye da dutse ash.
A kan duhu launin rassan rassan akwai gwangwani growths. Ganyayyaki suna da manyan, sune, mai sassauci daga sama, da ƙasa mai laushi. A lokacin rani rassan yana da duhu, kuma a cikin rassan yana da haske. Ƙananan furanni, waɗanda aka tattara a bunches, sunyi har sai ganye sun bayyana. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace-kwayoyi a cikin rassan halitta.
Ya jure yanayin zafi da fari. A cikin sharaɗɗan sharaɗi zai iya rayuwa shekaru 300. Rabbit Elm yana da kyau ga lafiyar jiki. Yana da diuretic, antimicrobial, diuretic da astringent Properties. Bark ya hana ingancin cholesterol. A decoction da shi ya bi da konewa da cututtuka fata.
Yana da muhimmanci! Elm grabber yana son mai gina jiki, m ƙasa. Sabili da haka, don ci gaba da aiki, dole ne a shayar da shi kuma a hadu da shi, misali, tare da lemun tsami, wanda yana da tasiri a jikin itace.
M
Shine mai laushi kuma ana kiransa elm talakawa ko manyan-leaved. Ya ke tsiro a Turai. Ya tsawo - 25 m (wani lokaci 40 m), diamita na kambi mai faɗi - 10-20 m. Akwatin itacen itace madaidaiciya kuma lokacin farin ciki, har zuwa mita 1.5 na diamita. A haushi na matasa harbe ne santsi, a cikin manya shi ne m, lokacin farin ciki da kuma exfoliates na bakin ciki faranti. Ganyayyaki suna da girma (12 cm), watsi, nuna, duhu kore sama da haske kore a ƙasa.
A lokacin kaka, rassan suna samun launi mai launin launin ruwan kasa. Furen suna ƙananan, launin ruwan kasa tare da stamens mai launi. 'Ya'yan itacen itace zauren zaki ne a gefen gefuna.
Shin kuna sani? Itacen dindindin ba ya rushewa a cikin ruwa, don haka a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya a Turai an yi tuwan ruwa a jikinsa. Har ila yau, daga wannan itace an sanya goyon baya na farko na London Bridge.
Gilashi mai laushi yana da tushen tushen tsarin. Bishiyoyi masu girma suna samar da irin goyon baya: plank tushen 30-50 cm high a tushe na gangar jikin. Yi sauri kuma ya rayu shekaru 200-300 (wani lokacin shekaru 400). Rashin fari, amma yana son ƙarancin ƙasa. Da sauƙin magance ambaliyar lokaci.
Hardwood elm itace ne mai yawa, karfi da kuma sauƙin aiwatarwa. Daga gare ta sa kayan aiki, bindigogi da sauran kayayyakin. A baya, an yi amfani da haushi mai yalwa don tanning fata, da kuma yin amfani da igiya, matsin da yin wanka. Abubuwan da suke amfani da su sun hada da sifofi mai laushi, ya ba shi kayan warkarwa: anti-mai kumburi, antibacterial, astringent da diuretic.
Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin birane, yawancin maras muhimmanci ne, saboda akwai ƙura a kan ganye fiye da sauran itatuwan birane. Ana dasa shi don karewa da ƙarfafa katako da ravines.
Androsova
Ba'a samo wannan nau'i na alm a cikin yanayi ba. An shayar da shi kuma ya zama matasan squat da farin ciki. Tsawancin itacen girma yana da mintuna 20. Ƙafinsa shine siffar mai alfarwa kuma yana ba da inuwa mai haske. Haushi yana launin toka. Ganyayyaki suna da siffar kwai, aka nuna.
Yana tsiro ne a kan ƙasa mai tsaka-tsire, yana iya tsayayya da bushewa. Rashin damar ba da gefen harbe yana sa itace ya zama mai karba. Saboda haka, ana amfani da ita don amfani da tsirrai. Gidan yana da sauƙin tsarawa kuma yana da kyakkyawan kyau, wanda ya sa ya zama sananne a zane wuri.
Kwan zuma mai daraja zai iya kasancewa "rufin" don inuwa mai ban sha'awa - aconite, karrarawa, buzulnik, zane-zane, rogers, masauki, fern, astilbe. Daga shrubs iya shuka honeysuckle.
M
A cikin yanayin daji yana da wuya. Girma a tsakiyar Asia. Wannan itace mai tsayi ya kai kimanin mita 30. Yana da kambi mai girma, wanda yake ba da haske. Haushi a kan rassan rassan shine launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka, a tsohuwar - duhu. A ganye ne kananan, 5-7 cm a tsawon, leathery, kwai-dimbin yawa.
Thick elm - wani shuka unpretentious, sanyi-resistant, sauƙi haƙuri da fari, ko da yake yana son m ƙasa. Gwargwadon gas yana taimaka masa ya ji dadi sosai a cikin yanayin smog.
Bladed
Sauran sunayen - Elm raba, ko dutse. An rarraba a Gabashin Asiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, Japan da China. Yana girma a cikin bishiyoyi da kuma gandun daji. Za a iya samuwa a cikin gandun dajin tsaunuka a tsawon 700-2200 m sama da tekun. Girman girma - 27 m.
Launi na haushi yana da launin toka da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Girman hoton - m, cylindrical, taso keya. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, an nuna su a sama, wani lokaci tare da 3-5 lobes. Tsire-tsire yana shafar inuwa, sanyi, iska mai karfi da birane.
Karyatawa
Sunan na biyu shine karagach peristovetvisty. A yanayi, an samo shi a Kazakhstan, a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a Tsakiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yana tsiro a kan tudu, dutse, yashi. Yana son mai yawa rana. Zan iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 100. Height - 15-25 m. Ƙawanin yana yadawa, amma bai bada inuwa ba.
Ƙananan ganye an shirya a cikin layuka biyu kuma suna haifar da kamannin manyan fuka-fukan fuka-fukan, wanda ya ba da sunan zuwa jinsuna. Winter hardy shuka, free tsayayya da fari kuma ya dace da kowane ƙasa. Ya girma sosai, amma ya kai matsakaicin girma kawai a cikin yanayin yanayi: a kudancin, a kan ƙasa mai laushi. Da sauƙi yana jure yanayin yanayin birane - asphalting, dust, smog. Yana da kyau ga pruning kuma yana shahararren aikin gine-gine.
Dauda
Dauda David shine shrub ko itace wanda tsawonsa yake da mintina 15. Ganye yana da kaifi, tsayi, 10 cm tsawo kuma 5 cm fadi. 'Ya'yan itace itace launi mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa. Wani jinsin da aka sani shine Jafananci. Ya kasance sananne a Rasha, Mongoliya, China, Japan da kuma Yankin Koriya.
Shin kuna sani? Tsararren itatuwan Elm na tsawon lokaci, wanda shine fiye da shekaru 800, ya tsiro a Koriya.
Ƙananan
Wannan jinsin yana da sunayen da yawa - Elm, haushi, karaich, cork elm, red elm, elm (itace a cikin hoto). Yankin rarraba: Ukraine, Rasha, Asia Minor, Yammacin Turai. Yana zaune a cikin rassan bishiyoyi da gandun daji, a kan rafin koguna da kuma tuddai a tsaunuka.
Tsayin itacen yana jeri daga 10 zuwa 30 m. Ganye suna oblong, obovate. Lifespan har zuwa shekaru 400. Karagach na son wuraren da suke da wuta, sau da yawa yana fuskantar fari, amma ba sanyi ba. Yanayin rarraba - itacen yana haifar da fadi mai tsabta.
Ta haka ne, mai ƙarfi ya ƙarfafa kuma rage haɗarin yashwa. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dirar da ake amfani dashi ba kawai don birane ba, amma har ma don samar da gandun daji. Kwayoyin Cork suna samuwa a kan rassan, wanda ya kara darajar itace a matsayin kayan gini.
Koyi ƙwarewar ci gaban wasu itatuwan itace: Kogin Norway, hoton jirgin ruwa, itacen oak, catalpa, bishiya, bishiya mai ruwan sanyi.
Babban 'ya'yan itace
Ilm ya kasance mai girma a Rasha, Mongoliya, Sin da kuma Yankin Koriya. Yana girma sau da yawa a cikin kwari kogin, a kan bishiyoyi da duwatsu. Yana da shrub ko kananan itace, wanda girmanta ya kai 11 m, tare da babban kambi yada. Haushi yana da launin toka, launin ruwan kasa ko yellowish. Ganye suna da manyan, haske, m saman, kuma santsi daga kasa.
Itacen yana da sunansa zuwa ga 'ya'yan itatuwa, babban zaki mai ban sha'awa wanda ya ƙawata shi. Gidaccen thermophilic. Wannan nau'ikan Elm ya bambanta daga dangi a matsananciyar juriya na fari. Saboda haka, ana amfani da ita don karfafa ƙasa na gine-gine, kayan ado da ƙananan dutse.
Rough
Dama mai tsabta, ko dutsen dutse, na kowa ne a arewacin kogin: Turai, Arewacin Amirka, Asiya. Yana girma a cikin bishiyoyi da kuma gandun daji. Tsayin dima yana da 30-40 m. A kambi ne zagaye, fadi da kuma lokacin farin ciki. Gashin yana santsi, launin ruwan duhu. Manyan ganye (17 cm), ovoid, tare da gefuna mai tsummoki. Daga sama suna da m, kuma daga ƙasa - m-gashi.
Yana girma da sauri, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 400. Ƙasa tana da wuya: yana son mai kyau da m, amma ba ya jure saline. Elm yarda da yardar kaina sanyi, fari da kuma rayuwar gari. Wood yana da wuyar gaske da kuma m. Suna yin kayan ado, kayan ado da kayan aikin gona daga ciki.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙaƙƙan hanya ba ta jin tsoron matsanancin yanayi: a Norway ana iya samuwa a waje da Arctic Circle, kuma a cikin Caucasus - a cikin duwatsu a tsawon 1400 m.
Amurka
Daga sunan ya bayyana a fili cewa wurin haifuwar wannan jinsin shine Arewacin Amirka, inda aka rarraba shi. A Turai, an gabatar da wannan dutsen a cikin karni na XVIII, amma ba ta zama sanannen ba, kamar yadda 'yan asalin nahiyar suke da alamomi masu mahimmanci.
Amirka Ilm tana tsiro a cikin gandun daji tare da bankuna kogin, amma ana iya samuwa a wuraren busassun wuri. Girman shuka - 20-30 m, wani lokacin 40 m. Rashin kambi yana da faɗi, cylindrical. Haushi yana da launin toka a cikin Sikeli. A ganye suna elongated, kwai-dimbin yawa, 5-10 cm a tsawon. Good weathering sanyi. Zuwan rai shine shekaru 200.
Irin nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'in nau'i da nau'o'in daban-daban suna baka dama ka zaɓi itacen da ya dace da gidan ku.
