Ba asirin da dankali ya shuka da girma tare da hannayensu ba kodayaushe ya fi koshin lafiya fiye da waɗanda aka saya. Wannan shine kawai don bunkasa amfanin gona mai kyau, kana bukatar ka san lokacin da yadda zaka shuka dankali a cikin ƙasa. Gaba, la'akari da nuances na dasa shuki don girbi mai yawa.
Abin da kuke bukata don girbi mai kyau
Babban dalilai da suka shafi ingancin dankali na gaba shine yanayin girma da kuma kayan dasa kayan kanta.
Koyi game da abubuwan da ke tattare da dangin dankali: "Adretta", "Blue", "Sarauniya Sarauniya", "Kyakkyawan Luck", "Gala", "Kiwi", "Irbitsky", "Rosara".
Yanayin girma
Yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun girbi mai kyau zabi wurin da suke shirin shuka dankali. Dankali da aka shirya a gaba ya kamata a dasa shi a wuri mai haske daga arewa zuwa kudu.
Abubuwan da ake samu a hydrogen a cikin ƙasa shine 5-5.5 raka'a, ko da yake girma daga amfanin gona mai tushe zai yiwu a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. Ya kamata kasar gona ta zama numfashi kuma sako-sako. Dankali ya fi dacewa matsakaici da haske kasa - yashi, ruwa mai laushi, yashi da ƙurar ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Girma mai yawa da rashin iska a cikin ƙasa mai laka mai nauyi zai iya haifar da ci gaban shuka. Tare da ƙananan ƙasa danshi, tubers suna shafi rot.Kafin dasa shuki ƙasa ya kamata a bi da sau biyu:
1. A cikin lokacin kaka don kwantar da gonar, ya kawo ɓarna mai laushi zuwa ƙasa. 2. A cikin bazara, sanya cakuda peat da yashi cikin ƙasa a cikin kashi 10 kg na mita 1. m
Zaɓi na dasa kayan
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a ƙayyade abin da dankalin turawa ya fi dacewa don dasawa a wani yanki. Idan shekarar da ta gabata a lokacin hunturu ajiya dankali ya ɓata, to, kana buƙatar canza iri-iri zuwa mafi mahimmanci zuwa marigayi. An bada shawarar shuka iri daban-daban iri daya yanzu., tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko wane nau'in zai samar da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Dole a zabi tubers don dasa shuki sosai a hankali, tun da za su iya kamuwa da blight ko scab.
Dankali don dasa ya kamata Yi daga kakar da ta gabatafara daga lokacin girbi na karshe. Zaɓi don ajiya mafi alhẽri ma da kyau matsakaici-sized tubers shuka na gaba shekara.
Don kauce wa kamuwa da cuta tare da naman gwari daga gurasar da aka zaba, ana adana su daga babban dankalin turawa. Mafi kyaun wuri don ajiye kayan kayan shuki zai zama kwalliyar ventilated ko cellar. Makwanni biyu kafin dasa shuki dankali, sun dauke shi daga ɗaki mai sanyi kuma suna canja shi zuwa wani wuri mai zafi don germination.
Shin kuna sani? Germination na tubers ba m, amma sprouted dankali yawan amfanin ƙasa da ake so yawanci sauri.
Yakin kwanakin
Don ƙayyade ranar da ya wajaba don dasa dankali a ƙasa, a hanyoyi biyu: dangane da irin kayan shuka ko yin amfani da kalandar rana.
Ya danganta da iri-iri
Masana sun gano ƙungiyoyi 5 na dankalin turawa ta balaga:
- iri iri;
- matsakaici da wuri;
- tsakiyar kakar;
- tsakiyar tsakiyar;
- marigayi
A farkon wannan wata, ƙwayoyin za su fara farawa. A cikin shekara ta biyu na watan Afrilu, ƙasar ta tasowa, kuma saukowa zai fara. Daga cikin iri iri dake farawa cikin kwanaki 50-65, Mafi shahararrun sune: Impala, Red Scarlett, Dnipryanka da Rosalind.
Tsakanin wuri na dankalin turawa, irin su "Sineglazka", "Zabava", "Mriya", "Nevsky", ya kasance cikin kwanaki 65-80. Su saukowa ya fi kyau a fara a farkon watan Mayu. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a la'akari da cewa farkon da tsakiyar farkon dankalin turawa, iri dake da ƙananan longevity, starchiness da ciwon daji.
Shin kuna sani? Very na kowa iri-iri "Blue-sa ido" Yana da asalin asalin "Hannibal", wanda aka ba shi don girmama babban kakan Alexander Pushkin Abram Hannibal. Shi ne farkon a Rasha wanda ya fara gudanar da gwaje-gwajen akan zabin da ajiyar dankali.Yawancin iri-iri sun fi dacewa a cikin watan Mayu, kamar yadda suka fara cikin kwanaki 80 zuwa 85. Wadannan iri sune mafi yawan wadatuwa kuma suna da yawa, kuma ba su buƙatar buƙatar ruwa mai yawa.
"Desiree", "Kuroda" da "Zdybak" na nufin dankali iri-iri, wanda ya fara daga 95 zuwa 110 days. An sauya saukowa don ƙarshen watan Mayu.
Kwanan wata don dasa shuki wannan shuka shine tsakiyar watan Yuni., idan kuna so shi ya dace don amfani da mutum. Wadannan irin su "Orbit", "Zarnitsa" da kuma "Cardinal", waɗanda suke da sababbin, suna buƙatar 110 da kuma karin kwanaki don maturation. Su ne mafi tsayayya ga wasu cututtuka da cututtuka. A gaskiya, wadannan nau'o'in dankali suna girma don hunturu ko kuma abincin dabbobi.
Yin amfani da kalandar rana
Akwai irin wannan yanayi mai kyau don dasa shuki albarkatu daban-daban a gonar, gidan zafi, da dai sauransu. Wata yana da tasiri a kan ci gaban dankali.
Dangane da wurinsa, dasa shuki, sarrafawa, shayarwa da kuma noma ƙasa ana aiwatar da su a wasu lokuta. Domin samun girbi mai kyau, dole ne ku bi shawarar da aka tsara na kalanda, wanda za ku iya ƙayyade ko shuka dankali a wata rana.
A lura da dankalin turawa, tubers da dasa tare da Prestige zai kare shuke-shuke daga Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro.
A shekara ta 2018, masana sun bayyana a fili kwanakin da suka fi dacewa don dasa shuki dankali:
- Mayu: 4-6; 14; 30-31;
- Yuni: 1-2; 10-12; 29.
- Mayu: 15; 20-23; 27-29;
- Yuni: 13, 16-20; 23-24; 28
Daidaita daidai - maɓallin hanyar girbi mai arziki.
Zaɓin waɗannan kwanakin da ya fi dacewa ko a'a daraja shuka dankali kai tsaye yana tasiri da ingancinta da ƙarancin muhalli, kazalika da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kodayake tsari ne mai sauƙi, yana buƙatar cikakkun hankali da kuma bin ka'idodi.
Shin kuna sani? Dankali shine amfanin gona mafi muhimmanci a duniya. Yana da wuri 4th mafi muhimmanci a cikin dukkan albarkatun noma bayan alkama, shinkafa da masara.Da farko yana da muhimmanci don ƙayyade manufar dasa shuki. Idan kana buƙatar sabon dankali a farkon watan Mayu, sa'annan ka zaba nau'in kayan da suke farawa da sauri. Amma a lokaci guda, tuna cewa farkon ba ya nufin inganci. Tsaka-tsaka-tsaka da tsaka-tsaki a cikin wannan yanayin shine mafi kyau duka don samun albarkatun noma mai dadi da dankali.
Sau da yawa mutane suna girma dankali don ciyar da dabbobi. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, zaɓi iri iri. Ana adana su na dogon lokaci kuma suna da kyau sosai, suna magance kwari da cututtuka.
Tun da zabi na kwanan dasa shuki dankali yana rinjayar yawan amfanin ƙasa, kar a jinkirta dasa dankali. A farkon matakai, kafin bayyanar kayan aikin aphid, tsire-tsire ya kai ga juriya kuma yana fama da rashin lafiya da kwari. A kayyade lokaci na dasa dankali ya kamata kuma kada ka manta game da yanayi, yanayin jihar da tubers.
Dasa kwanan wata yana shafar aiki na tsire-tsire a lokacin rani. Ya wajaba a dasa kowace shuka iri-iri a cikin mafi kankanin lokaci, in ba haka ba karamin jiyya da magungunan kashe qwari za su rasa tasiri, kamar yadda ake gudanar da su a wasu sifofin cigaban dankali. Ka yi la'akari da cewa da farkon dasawa akwai mummunan barazana ga rassan ruwa, wanda zai rinjayi mummunar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don rage haɗarin mutuwa na dankalin turawa, sprouts daga unpredictable spring frosts, yayyafa a baya dasa Tushen da karamin adadin ƙasa.Mutane da yawa suna bi alamun ƙasar kuma sun fara dasa shuki a lokacin budding a birch da ƙarshen furanni tsuntsu.
Shirin dasa shuki dankali a bude ƙasa alama ce mai sauƙi, amma a lokaci guda babban adadin kananan shuke-shuke zai iya sha wahala daga rashin bin ka'idoji na farko. A wannan yanayin dalilai don samun girbi mai kyau sune:
- kulawa da yanayin yanayin zafi mafi kyau;
- rike da ƙasa mai laushi da taki;
- zaɓi na iri dankalin turawa iri dake dogara da abincin ƙasa da lokacin girkewa.
Babban mahimmanci a girbi mai girki shine lokacin dace na dasa shuki. Dukkan yanayi biyu da lakabi na lunar, waɗanda aka tsara musamman don zaɓar abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga aikin noma, zasu iya taimakawa a cikin wannan.
