Kowane mai lambu yana son ya shuka inabi mai kyau duka a bayyanar da ɗanɗano. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da Helios, wani zaɓi na zaɓi na V. N. Krainov, yake a cikin tarin nau'ikan kowane ɗan giya-giya.
Tarihin girma Helios inabi
Shahararren ɗan asalin Rasha mai son ire-iren innabi V.N. Krainov, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga nasarar aikin zaɓi na I.A. Kostrikin kuma an ɗauke shi ta hanyar shi, a cikin 1995 ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajensa na farko kan ƙetaren inabin nau'ikan nau'ikan don samun nau'ikan halittu tare da ƙwayaje masu launin marasa launi ko ruwan hoda. Sabon matasan yakamata ya kasance mai inganci don biyan manyan ka'idoji na kasuwar itacen inabi.
Godiya ga aikin mai shayarwa mai shayarwa, wanda ya zaɓi kawai kusan 50 da aka samar da iri daga ɗaruruwan ɗari, an ƙirƙiri innabin tebur na Helios. Iyayen sun kasance abincin teburin Arkady da kishmish Nakhodka, daga nan suna na biyu da dama - Arkady ruwan hoda.
Helios, kamar sauran hybrids na V.N.Krainov, ya riga ya sami nasarar lashe ƙaunar yawancin masu shayarwa kuma suna yin rajista a cikin kudanci da tsakiyar yankunan tsohon Tarayyar, suna kawar da nau'ikan gargajiya na magabata.
Bayanin sa
Ana kiran Helios ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun nau'in innabi (110-120 kwanaki). Furanni na Bisexual suna iya yin pollinate har ma da ranakun sanyi. A kan daji mai ƙarfi, ana jefa harbe mai launin ruwan kasa tare da burgundy nodules a cikin zinare, kamar kibiyoyi na allahn rana mai suna Helios.
Tsakanin manyan koren ganye mai duhu, pyramids na manyan gungu, kai nauyin kilogram 1.5, flaunt. 'Ya'yan itacen elongated-oval mai haske suna haskaka ko ruwan hoda, sannan kodadden kabewa, ko zinare. Kowane Berry mai nauyin 15 g ya ƙunshi tsaba 1-2. Tana jan hankali da daskararren ƙanshi mai ɗanɗano tare da ƙanshin nutmeg, daidaitaccen ruwa. Fata na matsakaici-yawa berries ba shi da yawa ga fatattaka da kai hari wasps. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, yawan amfanin ƙasa daga wani daji ya kai 7 kg.
Manyan goge hatsi na Helios sun kai nauyin kilogram 1.5
Halayen sa
Matasan harbe suna da lokaci zuwa girma kafin hunturu, don haka daji baya tsoron sanyaya zuwa -23 ° C. A cikin wuraren da ke da sanyi mai sanyi, Helios na buƙatar tsari. Sunan matasan ya dace da yanayin da yake da zafi da haske. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa 23-24 ° C, berries ba su da lokaci don cikakke cikakke kuma samun abun ciki na sukari.
Helios yana da tsayayyar juriya ga lalacewa ta hanyar oidium, mildew da phylloxera. Ba za a bambanta matasan ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali da yalwar fruiting ba tare da samar da kwalliyar da ta dace ba, yawan ruwa da kayan miya, da sauran matakan kulawa da aikin gona.
Masu shayarwa masu shayarwa sunyi godiya ga iri-iri don sauƙaƙewa don yaduwa ta hanyar katako da kuma grafting akan kowane jari. Saboda babban aikin ajiya da kyakkyawan bayyanar gungu, Helios an girma saboda dalilai na masana'antu.
Bidiyo: Helios inabi ya yi yayyafa
Siffofin dasa da girma Helios inabi
Don samun nasarar haɓaka Helios, ya zama dole a la'akari da wasu ƙarancin dasa da kuma bukatun al'adun don kulawa.
Saukowa
Ana saukowa da saukowa a cikin kaka da bazara. Helios daji yana da ƙarfi da tsayi, saboda haka yana buƙatar sarari da yawa don haɓaka. Yawancin lokaci tsakanin bushes bar 3 m.
Helungiyar Helios za ta ɗauki tushe sosai cikin haske, ƙasa mai dausarwa, mai tsanani zuwa 10 ° C. Don dasa shuki, ɗauki tsire-tsire masu lafiya, tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushe da kore mai fure tare da tsawon akalla aƙalla cm 20. Idan akwai harbin fiye da ɗaya, ana cire marasa ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Yana da al'ada al'ada gajartar tushen gewaye zuwa 15 cm, kuma barin 4-5 mai ƙarfi a kan itacen inabi.
Helios seedling na iya barin har zuwa 5 buds
Zai fi kyau mutum ya ɗauki tushe kuma ya yi saurin girma a cikin tsiro na innabi na soyayya a rana kafin dasa shuki a cikin haɓakar ƙwayoyin Gumat potassium, Kornevin, Heteroauksin bisa ga umarnin. Maganin zuma (1 tbsp. L / 1 l na ruwa) yana aiki azaman wakili mai lafiya mai lafiya.
Bayan shirya seedling, ci gaba kai tsaye zuwa dasa. Hanyar mafi wahala da daukar lokaci shine ta tono rami mai zurfi.
- Tona rami tare da zurfin 80 cm kuma tare da diamita daya. A lokaci guda, an shimfiɗa ƙasa a tsibi biyu: daga babba da ƙananan yadudduka. Idan rami ne square, yi amfani da tsarin 70x70x70. Siffar ramin ba shi da mahimmanci.
- Yi magudanar ruwa, zuba 10 cm tsakuwa a ƙarshen ramin. An saka wani bututu kusan 1 m tsawo da 5-6 cm a diamita don ban ruwa an shigar da 10 cm daga ramin a gefen kudu (10 cm ya kamata ya kasance saman farfajiya). Ana haɗa murfin magudanar ruwa.
Ruwa daga bututun ban ruwa ke zuwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen, kuma yawan danshi yana shiga cikin matattarar magudanar ruwa
- Shirya cakuda ƙasa, haɗa kayan da kyau:
- ƙasa mai dausayi (saman Layer);
- Buhu 2 na humus;
- 200 g na superphosphate;
- 150 g na potassium gishiri;
- 1 lita na itace ash.
- Ramin rami ya cika har zuwa rabi tare da cakuda ƙasa mai cakuda, rammed.
- A tsakiyar ramin sun tono wani fegi kuma suna yin tarko, zuba ruwa 2 na ruwa. An sanya seedling a kan tsayawa wanda ya sa buds a kan harbe suna fuskantar arewa, da tushen diddige zuwa kudu.
- Tushen an yayyafa shi da ƙasa daga ƙananan Layer. A kusa da ramin, an bar rami marar damuwa 10 cm a ƙasa na ƙasa da radius na 30-40 cm.
A kusa da seedling bar wani rami tare da zurfin na 10-15 cm da radius na 30-40 cm
- An ɗaure ƙwayar ƙwaya a cikin fegi.
- Nan da nan bayan dasa, yana da kyau a yanke ciyawa a kusa da akwati a kusa da 5 cm. Seedlings dasa a cikin kaka kaka.
Wasu masu farawa suna korafi game da zurfin ramin kuma suna sa ƙasa don sauƙi ba tare da bin shawarwarin ba. Amma daidai rami ne mai zurfi tare da abubuwan da ke gina jiki wanda tsawon lokaci zai zama ingantacciyar kariya daga tushen inabi daga tsananin sanyi, kuma taki zai ciyar da daji shekaru da yawa. Idan ana yin ƙasa ba tare da magudanar magudanar ruwa ba, to ba a yin matashin matattarar dutse ba.
Watse
A cikin bazara, an bada shawarar yin 2 waterings:
- Lokaci na farko na ban ruwa lokacin bazara yana gudana yayin da ganyayyaki basuyi fure ba, kuma zafin jiki na dare ya wuce 0 ° C. A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da ruwan dumi (bulo 5 a ƙarƙashin shuka), wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga farkawar daji mai barci.
- A karo na biyu da kuka sha ruwan inabi tare da danshi ya kamata ya kasance bayan an gama girki.
Nan gaba, ana shayar da Helios sosai, amma a kai a kai. Wuce haddi danshi mummunan cutar da ingancin bunch. A cikin yanayin bushewa, sau ɗaya a mako, buhu 2 a cikin bututun magudanar ruwa ya isa ga matasan.
Hada ruwa a cikin bututun magudanar ruwa an haɗe shi tare da miya mai laushi
Musamman inabi yana buƙatar danshi a cikin matakan aikin ciyayi:
- Kafin fure.
- A lokacin saita berries.
- A lokacin da ripening bunches.
A ƙarshen kaka, ƙasa a kusa-da'irar karami dole ne a ɗora alhakin danshi, gabatar da ruwa sau 2-3 sau fiye da na ban ruwa na yau da kullun. Tare da danshi na kaka-rechargeable wetting, ana bada shawara don ƙara har zuwa 300 g na ash ga kowane daji.
Manyan miya
Helios yana ba da gaskiya ga babban riguna, kamar kowane nau'in innabi. Tun da ƙasa tana da abinci mai kyau a cikin rami na dasa shukar, zai isa ya ciyar da daji tare da hanyoyin samar da ruwa na ruwa.
- A farkon bazara, nan da nan bayan cire mafaka, an hadu da bushes tare da maganin ruwa na ammonium nitrate, zuba shi cikin ramin magudanar ruwa (120g / 10l).
- Har Yuli, zaku iya ciyar da 2 tare da takin gargajiya. Zuba a cikin guga wani bayani na mullein (1:10) ko gungurmin kaza (1:20), ya ba da mako guda.
- Don mafi kyawun ci gaba na bunches a nan gaba, an sanya riguna 2 masu kyau tare da superphosphate da gishiri na potassium (2 tbsp. L. Superphosphate da 1 tbsp. L. gishiri a cikin guga na ruwa). Topaya daga cikin manyan miya an yi shi ne bayan fure, na biyu - a gaban berries ya huɗa.
Organic hadi hade da ruwa
Ya kamata ku yi miya saka ruwa a lokacin rufe da berries.
Mulching
A bu mai kyau zuwa mulki inabi nan da nan bayan dasa. Domin ciyawa ta zama matsakaicin tsari daga sanyi da riƙe danshi da kyau, fafutinta ya kamata ya zama kusan 5 cm. Babban ƙari daga amfani da ciyawa shine cewa ita ma kariya ce daga ciyawa ciyawa. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin kayan gargajiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana horar da tsutsotsi, suna kwance ƙasa, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci ga haɓaka dajin Helios.
Tsara don hunturu
A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, bazara mai sanyi, Helios itacen inabi yana buƙatar tsari duk da juriya sanyi. Harbe daga daji da ya kasu kashi 2 an haɗa shi, an aza shi a kan agrofibre ko polyethylene, kuma an gyara shi da waya mai sauƙi. Zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban na yiwuwa. Dukkanta sun dogara ne akan samuwar kayan sutura.
- Wasu mazauna rani suna ƙara ƙasa kusa da itacen inabin da ke haɗe kuma suna rufe ta da kullun mai sauƙi a saman.
- Dayawa suna jan kayan rufe kayan da aka girka a jikin katako don kada itacen inabin ya shigo cikin hulɗa da polyethylene.
- Matsakaicin tsari mafi sauki shine ruɓewar ƙasa 25-30 cm, wanda a cikin hunturu za'a iya yayyafa shi da lokacin farin ciki da dusar ƙanƙara.
A ƙarƙashin fim ɗin da aka shimfiɗa akan arcs, bushes ɗin itacen inabi zaiyi hunturu da kyau
Mai jan tsami
Sakamakon yawan haɓakawa, nauyi mai yawa na daji yakan faru. Don hana wannan, wajibi ne yin gyaran gashi ya zama dole. Yi wannan hanya a farkon bazara, lokacin da buds basu riga sun buɗe ba. Helios daji zai iya tsayayya da ɗimbin yawa har zuwa idanu 35. Don haka, ba a ga budsa budsa budsu sama da 6 da shida akan kowane itacen inabi mai 'ya'yan itace ba.
A lokacin da yake yin rumfa, an kafa mahaɗa ta 'ya'yan itace, wanda ya ƙunshi harbe biyu: amfanin gona na wannan shekara za ta yi yabanya a kan itacen inabi, da kuma sauƙin maye wanda zai samar da vines a shekara mai zuwa
Bidiyo: menene kaya Helios bushes tsayayya
Matakan kariya
Saboda matsakaicin matsakaiciyar juriya na Helios ga cututtukan fungal, gonar inabin tana buƙatar matakan rigakafin yau da kullun. Ana kula da busassun sau biyu - kafin da bayan fure. Ana amfani da Fungicides don spraying:
- 1% ruwa na Bordeaux;
- Ridomil Gold MC;
- Acrobat MC;
- Jirgin Jit.
Sake Gani
Masu noman innabi a cikin sake duba su sun lura da yawan amfanin Helios, kyakkyawan halayen kasuwa, da juriya ga cuta. Kuma mafi sake dubawa ya cancanci kyakkyawan goga tare da cikakke berries.
Haka ne! Gungura da oolan itacen sanyi! Na kuma dube kaina cikin bayanin kuma na yi mamaki.
Konstantin// innabi-kwari.rf / taron / viewtopic.php? f = 6 & t = 102
M da dadi! A wannan shekara ya kasance a kan kyakkyawan gefen kuma a cikin tsayayya da cutar a yankinmu.
Elena Ivanovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=30849
The berries ne mai yawa, crispy, ko da yake sun ba tukuna gano muscat. Ina fatan kimantawa mafi kyau a shekara mai zuwa.
Anatoly Savran//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=30849
Kula da Helios koyaushe, hakika zaku iya jin daɗin sakamakon aikin mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin nau'ikan bunss mai ƙanshi na babban inganci. Ina maku fatan samun nasara a cikin wannan tsiro mai karin girma!
