Dankali - wannan yana daya daga cikin shahararrun masoyi, kayan lambu masu yawa, wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin kowa a gonar. Amma, kamar sauran al'amuran, an nuna shi ga cututtuka da ke kawo kayan bayyanar da kuma yalwata dandano. Mafi yawan wadannan shine scab. Gaba, zamu koyi game da shinge kan dankali: tare da hoto, bayanin da hanyoyin hanyoyin kulawa, da abin da za a yi don hana abin da ya faru.
Me ya sa ya bayyana
Dalilin da bayyanar scab kan dankali zai iya zama da yawa:
- sau da yawa cutar ta fadi a kan tubers daga ƙasa;
- Har ila yau, asalin cutar zai iya zama kamuwa da sabon ƙwayar da kuka saya don dasawa;
- Dalilin dalili shi ne dasa shuki a kowace shekara a wani wuri;
- yawancin nitrogen da ke da kyau ya rinjayar cigaba da rikice-rikicen fataul scab;
- yana taimaka wa ci gaba da cutar yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa (daga 20 ° C);
- da naman gwari yana tasowa cikin hanzari a kasa;
- Amfani mara kyau na takin gargajiya irin su taki da takin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Noma da takin, wanda za a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa, dole ne ya zama mai banza.
Wannan cututtukan bazai kawo hatsari ga mutane ba, za'a iya cinye tushen asali, amma nauyin kayan abinci mai kyau irin wannan kayan lambu yafi ƙasa da lafiya. Alal misali, kamuwa da cutar yana da matakin ƙwayar sitaci mai sau biyu.
Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da kyau a adana su, suna hanzarta ci gaba da ɓarna, kuma sau da yawa suna jefa fitar da mafi yawan amfanin gona.
Ko da kun kasance da sa'a kuma an yi wa lakabi da alamar kamuwa da shi, an haramta shi sosai don dasa su a cikin ƙasa, saboda lallai za ku sami mummunan amfanin gona kuma ku haɗu da ƙasa tare da naman gwari.
Late blight (ko launin ruwan kasa) yana cikin cikin cututtukan dankalin turawa.
Nau'in scab da alamun lalacewa
Akwai nau'i-nau'i da dama na wannan cututtuka: dandalin scab, powdery, black (ko rhizoctoniosis), azurfa. Kuma zamu fahimci kowanne ɗayansu.
Kullum - wannan cuta zai fara ci gaba a cikin kasa tare da matsakaici ko matsakaici na acidity, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya kasance daga 25 ° C zuwa 30 ° C, kuma tare da rashin ruwa. Idan an yi iyaka a kan shafinku, to, hakan zai kara yiwuwar cutar.
Har ila yau, magungunan na iya bayyana a kan sauran dankali da ba a girbe ba. Saboda wannan, a nan gaba, a gaban yanayin sharaɗi, naman gwari zai iya saukewa ta hanyar lafiya ta hanyar koda ƙananan ƙananan kayan aikin lalacewar fata. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan a lokacin ajiya ka bazata ba tare da haɗuwa ba tare da dan lafiya dankali tare, to ba shi da haɗari - scab yana yadawa kawai a ƙasa.
Da wannan cututtukan, kawai tsire-tsire ne aka fallasa. Siffar ta iya gane su ta hanyar irin waɗannan alamun kamar yadda ake samu daga nau'i na rashin daidaituwa, wanda tare da ci gaba da tushen, ya yi yawa, yayi girma, kuma yana da wuya a tsawon lokaci.
Wasu lokuta wawaye suna bayyana a wuraren da aka shafa. Akwai lokuta idan an rufe dankalin turawa da irin wannan ƙwayar cuta. Wadannan raunuka suna taimakawa wajen bayyanar nau'in iri-iri.
Powdery - irin wannan scab ya bayyana a sakamakon yaduwa zuwa wani naman gwari wanda yake motsa kai tsaye, yana kama da ƙananan ƙananan ƙuri'a. A wannan yanayin, duk ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire suna da cutar.
A waje, wannan scab yana kama da tubers an rufe shi da babbar yawan "warts". Bayan da aka haƙa dankali, waɗannan "warts" sun bushe da yawa, fashe da ulcers wanda ya ƙunshi ganyen na naman gwari. A kan asalinsu, zai iya bayyana a matsayin karamin girma. 
Matsalar foda tana iya fitowa saboda kayan gurbatacce, ƙasa, kayan shuka. Babban tasiri a kan ci gaba shi ne ƙasa mai laushi da zazzabi daga 12 ° C zuwa 20 ° C. Sau da yawa, irin wannan cuta ya bayyana a ƙasa mai nauyi.
Shin kuna sani? Scab - cututtuka mai tsanani, jayayya na iya rayuwa a ƙasa na shekaru da yawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin wuraren da ke fama da cutar, ba za'a iya dasa dankali ba har tsawon shekaru 5.
Black (Rhizoctoniosis) - Wannan nau'i yana da haɗari sosai ga shuka, saboda yana shafar shuka daga tushen zuwa ganyayyaki. Risoctoniosis a farkon matakan rayuwa na sabon dankali zai iya hana girma daga mai tushe, har ma ya kashe dukan shrub.
A halin yanzu, rhizoctoniosis yana bayyana ta wurin hasken duhu wanda yake rufe dukkanin amfanin gona. Tsarin yanayi na ci gaban naman gwari yana dauke da matsanancin zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki ba kasa da 18 ° C. 
Silvery - ainihin siffar wannan nau'i shine cewa tubers da yake da shi a lokacin ajiya ba su lalacewa, amma kawai sun bushe kuma sun rasa nauyi. An kwantar da kwasfa, kuma a wasu wurare mai launin launin fata yana nuna.
Wadannan raunuka suna bayyane a bayyane a kan iri da launin fata. Wannan nau'i na scab ya bayyana a kayan lambu da aka girma a cikin yashi na yashi da kuma ƙasa mai laushi, batun yanayin zafi mai tsanani a lokacin samuwar da kuma samar da kananan yara.
Har ila yau yana bayyana a zafi mai yawa fiye da 90% kuma a yanayin zafi a ƙasa 10 ° C. 
Rigakafin
Kowane irin nau'in cutar da muka yi nazarin yana da nau'o'in pathogens daban-daban, amma duk da haka, a kowace harka, muna samun amfanin gona mai lalacewa da yankin da ke fama da cutar.
Ko da lokacin da ba ka taba lura da yaduwa akan dankali ba, wannan baya nufin cewa zaku iya shakatawa, saboda cutar ta iya bayyana a kowane lokaci. Duk wani nau'i na cutar za a iya cin nasara, amma girbin zai kasance har yanzu ya ɓata, don haka mafi kyau abin da za ka iya yi shi ne yin rigakafi.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da rigakafi an dauke su iri iri. Don dasa shuki, kana buƙatar zaɓar mafi yawan dankali da dan tsami. Don waɗannan dalilai, amfani da ƙwayar magungunan ƙwayoyi waɗanda za ku iya saya a kowane kantin lambu.
Shin kuna sani? Ana iya kaiwa dankali da cututtuka daban-daban fiye da 20.
Haka kuma an bada shawara don shayar da bishiyoyi da jan karfe, manganese da boron bayan dasa bayan dasa. Wannan ma'auni yana rage rashin lafiyar cutar, har ma ya rage ƙwayar cututtuka na tushen rashin lafiya.
Agrotechnical receptions
Tsarin masana'antu na gaggawa don hana bayyanar launin dankalin turawa ba su da muhimmanci fiye da zabi na iri-iri.
Abu na farko da za a bi shi shi ne canjin shekara-shekara na shafin shuka kayan lambu. Tsire dankali yana buƙatar bambanta da dasa shuki na legumes ko albasa.
Idan kasar gona a kan shafin da kake shuka dankali, alkaline, to dole ne a samu acidified. Don yin wannan, amfani da bayani na musamman da aka shirya kamar haka: 2 cokali na ammonium sulfate an narkar da a lita 10 na ruwa. Wannan bayani ya zama wajibi ne ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin nauyin lita 0.5 na daji.
Kwana daya da rabi ko makonni biyu kafin girbi, an bada shawara a kashe dukkan sashin ƙasa - wannan tsari zai taimaka wajen ƙarfafa fata na asalinsu. 
Bayan an girbe amfanin gona, ana bada shawara sosai don shuka shafin tare da kowane gefe. Siderat yana inganta farfado da ƙasa. Don wannan dalili, za ku iya shuka hatsin rai, alkama, legumes, mustard, canola, ko za ku iya shuka cakuda.
A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci a kan aiwatar da yan bangare a lokaci. Wannan ya kamata a yi kafin flowering, domin a lokacin flowering suna "shayar" da yawa da gina jiki kuma sun daina yin takin mai magani.
Shirye-shirye akan scab
Yawancin lambu da basu iya hana fitowar cutar ba, suna mamakin yadda za su warkar da ƙasar don kawar da shinge akan dankali. Don kawar da scab, amfani da kwayoyi iri-iri, kuma tare da wasu zamu dubi kara.
Bisa ga sake dubawa na lambu akan shafuka daban-daban da kuma matakai, a yaki da rhizoctoniosis, da kuma wasu cututtukan fungal, 1% bayani na jan karfe sulfate, wanda aka fesa da bushes, ya yi aiki da kyau.
Yana da muhimmanci! Copper sulfate da ake amfani kawai don spraying bushes. An haramta shi sosai don yin aiki a ƙasa, domin jan ƙarfe yana da ƙarfe mai nauyi kuma yana da ƙasa.
Hakan ya hana ci gaban kwayar cutar dankalin turawa "Circo". Ya kamata a yi amfani dashi lokacin bayyanar buds. Ko da idan ka bi da wannan shuka tare da wannan magani sau daya, zai taimaka maka samun amfanin gona mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau.Haka kuma magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi "Phyto Plus" ne. Ya kamata su bi da kayan shuka da kuma yayyafa bishiyoyi a lokacin girma, ya rage yawan cutar tuber. Yi bayani a cikin kudi na 1 sachet da 3 lita.
Fudioksonil "Maxim" yana taimaka wajen yaki da kowane nau'in scab. An yi amfani dashi duka don kula da iri da kai tsaye ga bushes. An shirya bayani ga dalilai guda biyu a madadin 20 ml na abu da lita 1 na ruwa.
Yawanci, mai cike da dankalin turawa ya isa lita 1.5 na bayani. Ana sarrafa amfanin gona na asali kafin ajiya da kuma dasa shuki. 
Resistant iri
Idan babu kariya ko matakan curative, akwai buƙatar maye gurbin kayan lambu. Kodayake babu iri da ke da matukar damuwa ga wannan cuta, zaka iya zaɓar waɗanda ke tsayayya da gwagwarmaya, saboda haka, yana da mummunan tasiri akan su.
Wadannan iri sun haɗa da irin wadannan abubuwa: Aspia, Bryansk New, Vilna, Lyubimets, Alpha, Saturn, Rodnik, Ostara, Lady Rosetta, Mentor, "Nicolas", "Kasuwanci" da sauransu. 
Domin ma'auni don kewaye da dankalin ka dankalin turawa, bai isa ya zabi nau'i iri iri ba. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da nauyin iri da kuma kiyaye dukan matakan tsaro.
