Harkokin Coniferous suna jawo hankulan mazaunin rani, masu aikin lambu da masu zane-zane saboda gaskiyar cewa suna kasancewa ado a ko'ina cikin shekara kuma suna da kyau a kula da su. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shuka ita ce itacen bishiyoyi (lat.
Wani itace mai kyau mai launi mai duhu, mai laushi, mai yaduwa da launin ruwan inabi mai kyau zai yi ado da kowane lambu, gida ko filin shakatawa. Gwanayensa sunyi girma sosai - wannan yana ba da izinin yankewa don samar da shinge da kambi na siffofi dabam-dabam, wanda ya fi dacewa da masu zane-zane masu faɗi. A cikin wannan labarin mun tattara cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da kuke amfani da su, da siffofin kulawa da shi, matakan da za a magance cututtuka, da kuma bayanin irin nau'in kayan ado.
Shin kuna sani? Yew ya daɗe. Yawanci, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekara daya da rabi. Duk da haka, akwai lokutta uku zuwa dubu hudu.
Yew: shuka bayanin
Yew a cikin daji na kowa a yankunan da dumi yanayi a arewacin hemisphere. Yana da iyalin wannan sunan, yana lissafa nau'in jinsunan takwas, waɗanda suka bambanta da tsawo na shrubs da itatuwa, da kauri daga cikin akwati, ingancin itace da halaye na launi.
Ana amfani da nau'o'i hudu na al'adun ado: Berry (talakawa, Turai), gajeren lokaci (Pacific), spiky (Far Eastern), Kanada da kuma matasan su.
Mafi mashahuri kuma mai mahimmanci shine nau'in farko - Berry (Taxus baccata). An rarraba a Turai, Arewacin Afirka da yammacin Asiya. Don samun ra'ayi game da abin da yew yake kama da wannan nau'in, ga wasu lambobi. Yana girma zuwa 20 m a tsawo kuma 12 m a nisa. Gurbin ƙananan diamita ya kai har zuwa m 2. Yana da gajeren ɓangaren kwalba da kuma kambi mai yadawa. Tsawon gwangwani shine 2-3.5 cm. Berry yana da matukar wuya kuma yana juya itace. Godiya ga irin wadannan halaye a cikin mutane, ya karbi sunan nan "Tsuntsauran dabino". 
Shin kuna sani? A Tsakiyar Tsakiya, manyan bakuna na Turanci sunyi su ne daga kiw da Berry. A zamanin d Misira, an yi sarcophagi daga gare ta. A yau, kayan da kake da shi suna shahararrun, godiya ga abin da aka rage wannan yankin nan kwanan nan. Yew itace na da bactericidal da kayan antiseptic.
Ƙananan Siyayya (Taxus brevifolia) ke tsiro a Amurka, an horar da shi a Yammacin Turai. Ya kai tsawo na 6-12 m. Yana da nauyi, mai ƙarfi itace mai launin ruwan hoda. 
Barrel Peaked Yew (Cuspidata Taxus) ke tsiro da 15 m, wasu samfurori suna jujjuya mita 20. Yawancin siffofinsa sun haɗa da al'adun ado. Musamman ma'adinai iri iri "Nana" da "Minima", wanda zai iya zama daga 30 cm zuwa 1 mita a tsawo. 
Har ila yau, saboda ƙananan girmansa an horar da shi Kanar Kanada (Taxus canadensis). Kwayoyin wannan jinsin suna da wuya fiye da mita ɗaya a tsawo. 
Yew - tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, dangane da jinsunan jure yanayin zafi daga -30 zuwa 40 Сº. Har ila yau, wani ɓangaren waɗannan tsire-tsire shi ne, ba su da resin, saboda haka ne ƙanshin coniferous.
Bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire na wannan iyali suna da tsayayyar damuwa saboda gajeren lokaci na fari saboda tsayin daka mai karfi. Suna halin da ke ci gaba da raguwa - ta hanyar shekaru 10 suna girma ne kawai ta hanyar mita. A shekara zai iya ba da kyautar 25 cm a tsawo kuma 20 cm a fadin. Za a fara fructify a shekaru 20-30.
Na gaba, zamuyi magana game da fasali na yarinya girma.
Yana da muhimmanci! Harbe, haushi, berries da kuma 'ya'yan kuran suna guba ga mutane da wasu dabbobin gida.
Shuka yarinya: inda mafi kyau shuka shuka
Babban mawuyacin kuɗin da kuka yi shi ne abin da ba shi da kyau a barin shi da kuma saukowa. Duk da haka, dole ne a tuna da cewa abubuwan da ke faruwa ga itace ita ce:
- Ruwan ruwa;
- iskõki mai ƙarfi;
- acid kasa;
- gurɓataccen gas (ga wasu nau'in);
- raguwar fari;
- iska mai bushe.
Yanayin yanayi don girma
Tunda a cikin daji, yew ke tsiro a yanayin dumi, yana da kyau a zabi wuri mai haske a lokacin da dasa shuki a filin bude a wani dacha. Duk da haka, idan babu irin wannan yanki ko kuka shirya wani wuri mai shaded don wani daji, yayanku zai yi girma a can, ko da yake zai rasa hasara a cikin ado da girma. A lokaci guda, girma a cikin inuwa wasu bishiyoyi, yew mafi kyau zai jure sanyi.
Har ila yau, kyawawa ne cewa kariya ta karewa daga kariya. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa ba dukkanin jinsunan wannan itace sun dace da shimfidar wurare na birane da wuraren murabba'i, saboda basu yarda da iska mara kyau ba.
Yankin zaɓi
Shrub ya fi son ƙasa mai kyau, hasken, da kyau malalewa. Mafi kyawun abun ciki na ƙasa shine yashi, peat, takarda ko turf ƙasa (2: 2: 3). Kyakkyawan a lokacin da dasa shuki ƙara ƙasa mai dajin gargajiya. Kodayake mun lura cewa ku tsira a kan ƙasa mara kyau, kadai abinda ba zai yi haƙuri ba - kasa da babban acidity da zafi.
Berry yew ji da kyau a yankunan da alkaline ko dan kadan acidic ƙasa ke tsiro talauci a ƙasa tare da wuce haddi na danshi. Har ila yau, ƙasa mai yalwar acidic yana son kyan Kanada. Yau da aka yayyafa ba ya jure wa kasa. Kuma mafi kyawun wa'adin da za a zaba ƙasar ita ce matasan na Berry da kuma jinsunan jinsunan - yayinda suke da yawa. Yana girma a kan ƙananan alkaline da tsakaran kasa.
Shuka yarinya a gida
Tsayar da kiw a kan dacha ba ya shiga ƙoƙari mai yawa. Idan ka bi shawarwari don shirya rami da kuma sanya nau'in seedling a cikinta, yayan za su yi sauri da nasarar cimma tushe a filin bude.
Yadda za a shirya rami mai saukowa
Tare da saukowa ɗaya, zurfin rami mai saukowa ya zama akalla 65-70 cm kuma 20-25 cm a fadi fiye da tushen tsarin. Idan ka shirya dasa shukar shinge, ana haƙa tarkon ne zuwa zurfin 0.5 m a jere daya, tare da tasowa biyu-line - 70 cm.
Yew yana ƙaunar ƙarewa ƙasa, don haka kafin dasa shi, yana da kyau a rufe kasa na rami tare da tubalin fashe, pebbles, yashi mai yashi, dutse 20 cm.
Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire ya zama 1.5-2.5 m Idan an shuka shinge, bar hawan lokaci na 50 cm.
A makirci na dasa shuki sapling yew
Lokacin mafi kyau ga saukowa zai kasance ƙarshen Agusta - Oktoba. Yew daga akwati za a iya dasa a cikin kakar zafi. 
A lokacin da dasa shuki sapling daga akwati, an saki shi a hankali kuma an dasa ta tare da clod na duniya. Na gaba, rhizome ya rufe ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa wuyan wuyansa yana sama a ƙasa. Dole ne a zubar da tsirrai da yalwa;
Lokacin da dasa shuki, takin kasar gona tare da hadaddun ma'adanai. Wadannan kayan gyaran nauyin na seedling ana gudanar da su a cikin bazara.
Sake haifar da kiw
Yana iya haifa duka tsaba da kuma vegetatively - cuttings. Hanyar farko ita ce mafi tsada da kuma cin lokacin.
Hanyar shuka
Yayan tsaba suna ci gaba da rike amfanin gonar su har tsawon shekaru hudu; Suna buƙatar a adana su a zafin jiki na + 3-5 ° C a firiji don watanni shida zuwa bakwai. Wannan zai tabbatar da mafi kyaun shuka.
Bayan sasantawa, a watan Maris, ana shuka tsaba a cikin akwati ko kofuna waɗanda suke da murya mai haske, wanda dole ne a fara haifuwa (zai iya zama a cikin tanda ko a zuba a ruwan zãfi). Ganye zurfin - 0.5 cm. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar watering kawai. Yanayin Germination yana kimanin watanni biyu.
Har ila yau, ana shuka tsaba a kai tsaye bayan girbi - a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba.
Zaka iya gwada shuka tsaba kuma nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, kafin dasa shuki, an taƙaita su a taƙaice ko aka ajiye su na tsawon kwanaki ko makonni a cikin yashi mai yashi a yanayin zazzabi. A cikin kaka, sprouted seedlings zai kai tsawo na 10 cm, a cikin shekara - 15-25 cm.
Hanyar shuka ta fi amfani dashi don kiwo a cikin kudan zuma.
Shuka cututtuka
Hanyar da za ta fi sauƙi don yaduwa da kiw, zai zama rabuwa da cuttings. Wannan shi ne yadda masu shuka bishiyoyi sukan yadu. A cikin jinsunan da suke da girma a tsaye na rassan, kambi a cikin nau'i na cones da pyramids, cuttings riƙi daga apical harbe.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan iri don yaduwa da gefen harbe. Idan an cire cututtukan daga bishiyoyin daji, dole ne a bi da su tare da ci gaba.
Mafi kyawun lokaci don grafting yew - kaka (Oktoba). Ko da yake wannan za a iya yi a cikin bazara, a watan Afrilu-Mayu.
Tsawon yanke shine 15-20 cm. Ya kamata a sami matakai da dama. Har ila yau wajibi ne a bar wani itace mai layi. Ƙananan ɓangare an yalwata da allura. Don rooting, ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin kwantena tare da cakuda yashi da peat (1: 2).
Tushen dole ne ya bayyana a cikin watanni uku. Sa'an nan kuma an dasa su a cikin tukwane kuma a ajiye su a wuri mai dumi, alal misali, a cikin dakin, greenhouse, ko greenhouse.
Gyara yana faruwa cikin watanni uku. Idan cuttings kasance a cikin fall, to, za a iya dasa cuttings a cikin bude ƙasa a watan Mayu. A lokacin da aka dasa grafting a watan Satumba.
Lokacin da aka shuka nan da nan a cikin ƙasa ta bude, lokacin ƙayyadadden ƙwayoyin yaduwa na shekaru shida zuwa bakwai. Idan an dasa su a ƙarƙashin fim din, za a yi matukar hanzarta aiki ta shekaru biyu. Kafin hunturu, kasar gona karkashin shuka cuttings an mulched ta amfani da peat, sawdust ko Pine needles.
Wata hanya na kiwo da kiwo, wadda aka yi amfani da ita sosai, yana da grafting. Ana amfani da ita don cire siffofin pyramidal na Berry yew.
Yadda za a kula da kiw a kasar
Kamar yadda kake gani, girma da kiw yana da sauƙi: fasaha na dasa shuki ba zai haifar da wasu matsaloli ba, kuma ba zai dauki matsala ba kuma kulawa da shuka. Yawanci zai haɗa da cire weeds, watering watering, sassaƙawar ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma pruning na rassan.
Shekara biyu ko uku na farko, ya kamata a rufe kananan shuke-shuke domin hunturu. Tun da dukkanin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna shan wahala daga bazara, a farkon lokacin bazara, dole ne a rufe yatsun tare da bishiyoyi na spruce, nonwoven fabric ko kraft takarda daga rana.
Watering shuke-shuke
Kullum watering yana buƙatar kawai matasa shuke-shuke har zuwa shekaru uku. Ana shayar da su a tushen sau ɗaya a wata. Don daya shrub amfani ba kasa da guga na ruwa. A nan gaba, godiya ga tushen tushen tsarin, yuro zai nemi laka kanta. Dole ne a taimake shi a cikin wannan kawai a lokacin lokutan bushe. A lokaci guda, yana da kyawawa don fesa (yayyafa) kambi. 
Kula kula
Ƙasa ƙarƙashin daji dole ne a rabu da shi zuwa lokaci mai zurfi na 10-15 cm Yana da mahimmanci a yi a cikin shekaru biyu ko uku bayan dasa shuki, bayan watering da kuma samuwar ɓawon burodi. Wannan zai ba da tushen tushen ingantaccen abinci akan oxygen.
Har ila yau, dole ne a cika ƙasa. Sawdust, pine needles da peat an rufe shi da wani Layer na 8-10 cm a cikin kusa-ganga da'irar.
Wata mahimmancin yanayin kulawa shi ne weeding a kusa da itacen.
Top dressing yew
An fara yin gyaran farko a kan dasa shuki a rabon 1 l na substrate - 1 g na nitroammofoski da 15 MG na jan karfe sulphate. A nan gaba, bishiyoyi, kamar yadda ya kamata, da sauran nau'o'in zasu bukaci a ciyar da su a shekara bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani shekara a lokacin girma. Tare da tsawon lokaci na makonni biyu, an haɗa ka da Florovit, Kemira-Universal ko wasu. 
Tsire-tsire-tsire
Itacen yana dacewa da gashin gashi da tsabtace tsabta, wanda ya zama dole don rassan bushe da lalacewa. Ana iya yin amfani da kiw don samar da sabon harbe a duk rayuwarsa. Bayan mai karfi pruning, tsire-tsire ya sauke sauƙi da sauri.
Kowace shekara, ku da rassan, kamar na sauran magunguna, an yanke su zuwa kashi uku na tsawon. Ana iya yin hakan a kusan kowane lokaci - a spring, rani, kaka. Aiwatar da wani pruner (don pruning rassan), almakashi almakashi (ga samuwar kambi). Don pruning needles bukatar bugun lambu. Don cire rassan rassan, kada kuyi ba tare da gani ba.
Domin itace don samun siffar baƙi, samar da fom ɗin formative. Gashi na asali yana ba ka damar ba da nau'o'i iri-iri: ball, mazugi, trapezoid, cube, da dai sauransu.
Daidai a kan shafin ya dubi kayyadaddun halittu daga kwayoyin coniferous - larch, spruce, thuja, juniper, fir, Pine, cedar, cypress, cryptomeria, myriac foxtail.
Cututtuka da kwari da yew
Gaba ɗaya, yew yana halin babban juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Duk da haka, rashin alheri, ba kashi ɗari ba. Wannan igiyar coniferous zai iya shafar cututtuka na fungal - fusarium ko tracheomycous wilting, shyutte, rot, biortella ciwon daji, fomoz, pestalocial necrosis na harbe. Bugu da ƙari, lichens da mosses zasu iya samuwa akan itace. Ya kamata a kula da itatuwan da aka kula da su.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kula da kiw a gonar wani lokaci ana buƙatar amfani da sunadaran. Lokacin da ake aiki da itace tare da masu fuka-fuka, dole ne ka bi dokoki na aminci na sirri. An yi amfani da kayan ƙanshi a cikin kwanciyar hankali. Ya kamata a kiyaye hannaye ta safofin hannu, idanun - gilashin, hanci da baki - ta mask.
Da kiwo kuma shafi kwari. Ana iya kaiwa gare ku ta hanyar yakin daji, wani garkuwar ƙarya na yakinku, mai rikici. Ana amfani da kwayoyin cututtuka na karbofos, nitraphine da sauran shirye-shiryen fungicidal a kan magunguna. 
Yew - itace da yanayin girma mafi sauƙi. Wannan alama ce da kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa wanda ya ba da dalilin yin amfani da yarinya a zane-zane, don yin ado da lambuna da gidajen gida. Wannan conifer yana da kyau a cikin dasa guda.
Mafi sau da yawa daga gare ta sa shinge da iyakoki. Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na kayan kirkiro masu tasowa (kyan gani), bango a cikin lambun dutse. A cikin rukuni na rukuni na da kyau an haɗa shi tare da thuja, juniper, quince japan.
