Shuka amfanin gona

Yadda za a magance cututtukan kwari

Conifers su ne tsire-tsire masu kyau waɗanda ke jan hankalin su kuma suna ƙawata kowane yanki a cikin shekara. Amma, abin takaici, yawancin su suna shan damuwa ne ta hanyar kwari masu cutarwa, sakamakon abin da kayan ado ya ragu, kuma a cikin ƙananan lokuta marasa laifi, itace ya mutu. Yadda za a gane daidai abin da kwari ya kai hari ga conifers da kuma yadda za a bi da su, bari mu yi magana a wannan labarin.

By hanyar, akwai mai yawa abokan gaba a conifers. Akwai wadanda ke cinye wajibi, akwai wadanda suke cin haushi, suna shan ruwan inabi mai mahimmanci, lalata tushen tsarin. Tare da mafi haɗari daga cikinsu za su gabatar da ku a ƙasa.

Galliches

Galitsa (lat. Cecidomyiidae) wani tsotsa ne wanda yake da alaƙa da iyalin 'yan diplomasiya mai tsawo. Akwai fiye da dubu shida.

Bayyanar. Gall midges a bayyanar kama da sauro. Su ƙanana ne - daga 1 zuwa 4 mm. Ya faru tare da fuka-fuki da ba tare. Su larvae suna da bambanci a launi, wasu lokuta ana samun su da launuka mai haske: orange, rawaya, ruwan hoda.

Manya yawanci launin ruwan kasa. Fukafukinsu suna rufe da gashin kansu. A kai yana da dogon gashin baki. Ciwon inji suna cin abinci akan bishiya. Fara shekaru a watan Mayu. Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Alamar halayen ganyayyaki da ke fitowa a kan shuka shine ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta, girma a kan harbe suna galls: needles ƙulle tare a tsakãninsu, wanda girma a tsawon lokaci.

Larvae na zaune a ciki. Tashin da aka lalace ya bushe. Babban matsanancin iska yana taimakawa wajen yaduwar matsakaicin matsakaicin raguwa.

Jiyya hanyoyin. Don rabu da mugayen kwari za su taimaka wa kwakwalwan da ake amfani dasu don amfani akan conifers:

  • Aktara;
  • Calypso;
  • Angio;
  • Ƙasar
Ya kamata a yi amfani da su ta hanyar daɗaɗɗa bisa ga umarnin akan kunshin, amma aƙalla sau biyu tare da wani lokaci na biyu zuwa makonni uku.

Shin kuna sani? Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna fitar da yawan adadin phytoncides - abubuwa da ke kashe da kuma hana ci gaban pathogens, kwayoyin, fungi. Saboda haka, a cikin iska na gandun daji na coniferous akwai kimanin takwas zuwa goma da ba su da cututtukan abubuwa masu cutarwa fiye da wadanda suke da lalata.

Bark ƙwaro

Bark beetle (lat. Scolytinae) wani rukuni ne na kwari da ke cikin ɗayan ɗayan iyali na iyali. Akwai kimanin 750 nau'in. Bayyanar. Waɗannan su ne kananan launin ruwan kasa beetles, kai masu girma na 0.8-9 mm. Jikinsu yana da tsalle, kansa yana karamin. A gaban baya akwai hakora, suna yin tubercles. Elytra an rufe shi da ratsi ko Sikeli.

Suna yawan zama a ƙarƙashin muryar bishiyoyi, ko da yake wasu jinsuna suna haɗu da samari da sawn. Daga hibernation fito a watan Afrilu-Mayu. Koma iya hallaka matasa tsire-tsire gaba daya.

Koyi yadda zaka kare spruce daga cututtuka daban-daban.
Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Mafi sau da yawa, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa a kan Pine. Zaka iya gano abin da haushi ya samu a kan haushi na wani conifer, ta hanyar karamin rairayi, ramuka, da kuma ragu daga cikinsu. Dole daga cututtukan da suka kamu da cutar sun soke.

Jiyya hanyoyin. Yin gwagwarmayar haushi na conifers zai iya zama tasiri kawai a mataki na farko na kamuwa da cuta - lokacin da babu ramuka biyu ko uku a kan kowane itace. Tare da mummunar lalacewa da kuma alamar bayyanar cututtuka irin su bayyanar ƙura a ƙarƙashin haushi, raƙuwa da haushi, itace baza'a sami ceto ba. Zai fi kyau a cire shi da ƙona shi a lokaci don kauce wa ƙwayar wasu tsire-tsire.

Ana amfani da injections don magani tare da kwari, wanda ke yin haushi tare da sirinji. Mafi mahimmanci a cikin waɗannan lokuta sune:

  • Calypso;
  • Gudun bayanan;
  • Empire-20;
  • Antisheckeline.
Injections an yi su biyu zuwa hudu, to, motsawa an rufe shi da lambun lambun.

Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin zalunta bishiyoyi, yi amfani da kayan aiki na sirri. Tsarin da aka yi a cikin yanayin bushe ba tare da iska ba. Kare jiki tare da kwat da wando na musamman, idanu - jiragen ruwa, iska - mask

Typography irin ƙwaro

Typography irin ƙwaro (Lat) Ips typographus) yana nufin iyali na haushi barkatai, an kuma kira shi babban ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Bayyanar. Yana da ƙwayar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da girman 4.2-5.5 mm. Ana iya gane shi ta halayen halayen da ke cikin ɓata mai zurfi tare da tsagi, wadda ake kira labaran. A kan gefuna suna sanya hakora. Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Kamar duk haushi beetles, mai daukar hoto yana amfani da haushi na hvoynik, yana nuna musu motsi. Abincin da aka fi so akan wadannan gurasa - sun ci, amma sau da yawa sukan ci naman Pine, fir.

Rumbuna da ƙuƙwalwa a cikin kututture, rawaya da ƙurarru, da fadowa daga haushi, tsummaro mai tsanani, ruwan hakowa a kan akwati kuma a ƙarƙashinsa zai nuna cewa sun kamu da cutar. Alamar halayyar kasancewar mai daukar hoto shine mai amfani da katako a kan conifer.

Jiyya hanyoyin. Zai fi kyau kuyi yaƙi da firintin kafin ya fara a kan bishiyar coniferous, wato, don aiwatar da matakan tsaro.

Dole ne a fahimci cewa itace da ke da kariya mai tsanani ba zai yiwu ya zama ganima ba saboda cututtuka, tun da zai zama da wuya ga shi ya shiga cikin haushi mai karfi, kuma zai fi son neman wani rauni, tsoho, ya riga ya lalace. Don hanawa, wajibi ne don gudanar da ciyar da abinci, watering, inganta yanayin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin kuma kusa da itacen, dace da kawar da lalacewa, rassan ko rassan da aka lalace.

Yi nazari da kanka da ka'idodin girma shuke-shuke coniferous kamar cypress, larch, pine pine, fir, spruce, juniper, thuja, cedar, mirikaria.
A farkon matakai na lalacewa, ana amfani da ruwa da kuma injections tare da kwari da nazarin halittu. A manyan conifer plantations, pheromone tarkuna ma resorted to. A cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu suna amfani da maganin cin zarafi.

Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, dole ne a lalata itacen.

Shin kuna sani? Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na Coniferous itace itace mafi girma a duniya. Yana girma a California (Amurka) kuma tana da tsayi mai tsayi na 115.24 m. A cewar masana kimiyya, shekarunsa shekarun 700-800 ne.

Gizo-gizo mite

Gizo-gizo mite (lat. Tetranychidae) wani kwari ne mai lalacewa wanda dangi daidai da nau'in 1270.

Bayyanar. Wannan ƙananan kwari ne kamar gizo-gizo da kafafu takwas. Ya kai kimanin 0.3-1 cm. Jiki yana da wani elongated. Launiyar ya bambanta da yanayi: launin toka, rawaya, orange, ja. Conifer yakan shafar mite m. Ya ciyar da hunturu a karkashin ragowar tsire-tsire, rassan bushe. Inseks ke yaduwa a lokacin zafi da bushe. Suna ciyar da abun ciki na tantanin halitta.

Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Tick, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna rayuwa a gefen ƙananan needles kuma suna shiga cikin rassan da cobwebs. Harshen shafin yanar gizo ya nuna cewa shuka ya riga ya shafar sosai. Ƙusoshin suna juya launin rawaya da kuma fada a kashe.

Jiyya hanyoyin. Don manufar prophylaxis, ya kamata ya fi sau da yawa spray hvoyniki a lokacin lokacin zafi zafi tare da ruwa na ruwa. Tare da ƙananan launi, yana da mahimmanci don kokarin yaki da hanyoyin gargajiya: infusions na shuke-shuke insecticidal (dandelion, tafarnuwa), colloidal sulfur. Idan akwai mummunan mamayewa, dole ne a yi amfani da kwari tare da kwari ko acaricides: Fitoverm, Akktelik, Akarin, Borneo, Appolo, Flumate.

Cire motsi

Cire motsi (Lat. Argiresthia argentina) - wani malam buɗe ido daga iyalin Argyrestide. Har ila yau har zuwa aikin noma, 'ya'yan itace, amfanin gona. Coniferous yana barazanar spruce, larch da juniper harbe asu.

Bayyanar. Ƙananan, har zuwa 5 mm, malam buɗe ido. Tsarinsa yana da 12 mm. A fuka-fuki akwai ratsan rairayi. Hind fuka-fuki kunkuntar, tare da fringe. Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Don tsire-tsire, hatsarin ba shine kwari kanta ba, amma larvae, wanda ke ciyar da allurar ƙwayoyi da matasa. Pine haske, ya zama flabby, showered.

Jiyya hanyoyin. Zaka iya yakin larvae ta spraying Karbofos, Chlorophos. Ana amfani da bishiyoyi a kalla sau biyu, suna rike da tsawon kwanaki 7-10.

Shin kuna sani? Ba dukkanin conifers ba ne. Larch - kawai conifer cewa dumps Pine needles kafin lokacin hunturu.

Sawfly

Ephedra mamaki spruce (lat. Pristiphora abietina) da kuma Pine sawlies (lat. Neodiprion sertifer). A cikin mutanen da aka kira su da karya karya.

Bayyanar. Wannan hymenoptera baƙar fata ne ko launin ruwan kasa a launi. Yana da girman daga 4.5 zuwa 6 mm. Wingspan - 9-14 mm. Sakon ƙaryar yayi girma zuwa 9-14 mm. Fentin a cikin haske kore. Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Sawflies sau da yawa shirya a matasa matasa. Suna ciyar da allurar needle kuma suna raguwa girma. Za su iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyi a ƙasa, su bar harbe kusan tsirara. Sau da yawa, itatuwan da aka lalata suna da rawanin zane, rawaya da karkatar da allura.

Jiyya hanyoyin. A watan Mayu-Yuni, ana magance su da sunadarai irin su Chlorophos, Karbofos, Lepidotsid, Cypermethrin, Bi-58, Aktara, Zircon.

Aphid

Aphid (Latin Aphidoidea) - tsire-tsire mai ciwo mai haɗari ga dangin hemiptera. Yana da fiye da dubu 4.

Bayyanar. Ƙananan ciwon kwari na 1-2 mm. Ya danganta da nau'in, zai iya zama launi daban-daban: kore, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, baki.

A kan wani kwari yana da proboscis na musamman, tare da taimakonsa wanda yake ɗaukar nauyin ayyukansa. Kowane mutum na da winged da wingless. Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Babban alama na shan kashi na aphids za su kasance waɗanda aka raunana, rashin lafiya irin shuka, dakatar da girma, tayi da kuma juya harbe.

Daidai ne ga irin wannan sakamako da cewa aphid sucks ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga shuka. Idan ka lura da waɗannan canje-canje, sa'annan ka yi ƙoƙari ka duba ƙarƙashin maciji. Watakila a can za ku sami gungu na baki ko kore kananan kwari.

Sau da yawa, shuke-shuke coniferous suna shafar wasu aphid - caterpillars.
Jiyya hanyoyin. Tare da ƙananan launi, ya kamata a kula da itacen tare da magungunan gargajiya: ruwa mai tsabta, kayan ado da kuma infusions na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Idan shan kashi yana da ƙarfi, to lallai ya zama dole don adana magunguna tare da kwari. A cikin yaki da aphids mafi tasiri:

  • Actofit;
  • Kaisar.
  • Maxi
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin zalunta shuke-shuke coniferous a cikin bazara ko lokacin rani, ya wajaba a fahimtar kanka tare da umurni game da shirye-shiryen kuma biye da shi sosai lokacin da ake shirya samfur da kuma lokacin da zaɓin sashi.

Hamisa

Conests bukukuwa Hamisa (Lat. Aphrastasia pectinatae, Chermes abietis) - ƙananan tsire-tsire. Kusan dukkanin masu kyauta suna ban mamaki.

Bayyanar. A cikin bayyanar, da Hamisa suna kama kama da aphids, jikinsu an rufe shi da kananan fluff. Nauyin jikinsu bai wuce 'yan millimeters ba. Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. M aiki Hamisa take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa needles juya rawaya, lankwasa. Ginin yana daina girma.

Daga ƙasa na needles za ka iya samun gungu na baki kwari, kama da aphids, da kuma farin kamar yadda daga auduga ulu, lumps - wani irin kariya na Hamisa.

Mugaye masu juyayi, kwari suna cutar da shuka, wanda ke haifar da asarar kayan ado, da raunana da kuma hadarin mamaye wasu, mafi hatsari, kwari, irin su haushi. Hamisa spruce tsoma samuwa a kan harbe na galls - growths kama da cones. Jiyya hanyoyin. A watan Mayu, wajibi ne a duba ma'adinin sau da yawa don kada ya rasa kuskuren taro tare da Hamisa. Lokacin da aka fara maganin alamun ta farko sau da yawa tare da kwayoyin kwari, misali Aktara, Kwamandan, da dai sauransu.

Shchitovka da ƙarya garkuwa

Shchitovka (lat. Diaspididae) da kuma ƙarya tsare (Lat da Coccidae) suna cikin iyalin hemiptera. Akwai juniper shchitovka, Pine shchitovka, Pine yewnoshchitovka da wasu nau'in.

Bayyanar. Ana iya gane garkuwa da garkuwar ƙarya ta hanyar halayyar halayen - kasancewar garkuwa a baya. A cikin tsohon, an kafa shi a jiki, a cikin karshen ba haka ba ne. Dangane da irin, zasu iya zama daban-daban - 1-4 mm da launuka - sau da yawa fiye da launuka masu launin ruwan kasa. Gano kwari ba shine mai sauƙi ba, sai suka zauna a kan akwati da kuma harbe kuma suna kama da kananan halittu masu girma, nau'in.

Bayyanar cututtuka na shan kashi. Bayan da ya zauna a kan al'adun gargajiya, kullun da kuma garkuwar ƙarya suna shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sakamakon abin da harbe ke lanƙwasawa, ya bushe, tsire-tsire yana raunana girma. Ana iya gano gaban ɓoye marar launi ta hanyar gurasar launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka rufe da ɓoye mai zurfi. Jiyya hanyoyin. Lokacin da aka gano mutane da yawa, ana amfani da su tare da goga da kuma itace tare da sabulu ko sabulu-kerosene.

Dole ne a yadata yaduwar cutar ta hanyar kwari Aktellik, Rotor, Karbofos, Chlorofos, Aktara, Konfidor.

Shin kuna sani? An hada da ephedra a cikin jerin itatuwan mafi tsofaffin kuma mafi girma a duniya. An dauke itacen mafiya duniyar da ake kira pine da aka kira Methuselah. Ta fiye da shekaru 4800. Kuma mafi girma a cikin sharuddan taro da ƙararraki ana dauke da wani mai suna sequoiadendron, wanda ake kira "Janar Sherman." Girman murfinsa yana mita mita 1487. m, da nauyi - 1900 t.
Yin biyayya da dokokin aikin injiniya na aikin gona zai taimaka wajen kauce wa hare-haren da dama daga cikin kwari da ci gaban cututtuka. Ya kamata a dasa itatuwan Coniferous, ta ɗauki wuri don ita, ƙasa, hasken wuta daidai da shawarwari na irin wannan. Ephedra ba ya son ɗauka - yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, inda babu yanayin iska na al'ada, akwai ci gaba mai girma na fungi na pathogenic, da yaduwar kwari.

Lokacin da girma, ya kamata ka bi mahimmanci a kan watering da kuma ciyarwa, kazalika da tsabtace tsabta na marasa lafiya da tsoffin rassan. Tsarin shawarar da aka ba da shawarar maganin kwari tare da kwari da magunguna don conifers.

Daya ko biyu jiyya ne isa, kuma your coniferous shuke-shuke za su yi farin ciki da ku da kyakkyawa da bayyanar jiki a cikin shekara.